Pattern of ocular trauma.

This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Ophthalmology Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period of November, 2009 to October, 2010. Two hundred & fifty (250) patients of both sexes and all ages with ocular trauma were selected randomly for this study. A detailed history of patients, duration of trauma, relation of trauma with work, visual status prior to injury, any surgery prior to injury & patients were alcoholic or not were taken. Male patients were 190(76%) and female patients were 60(24%). Majority of patients were 11-20 years group (39.2%). Most of patients (40%) attended into hospital within 60 hours of ocular trauma. Accidental occupational trauma were more common (51.2%) and assault injury were less common (12.8%). Greater number of ocular trauma was caused by sharp objects (59.2%) and less number of ocular trauma was caused by chemical injuries (2.4%). Open globe injuries were more common (62%) than closed globe injury (38%). Visual acuity on admission between 6/60 to PL comprises highest number (64%) and also on discharge between 6/60 to PL comprises highest number of cases (50%). Most of the patients came from poor socioeconomic group (60%).

Diclofenac sodium and prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution in controlling inflammation after cataract surgery.

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness throughout the world. This prospective study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology, Mymensingh Medical college Hospital. Patients of both sexes of 45 to 70 years of age range admitted for cataract surgery were selected for this study. Patients were randomly selected during the period June 2007 to December 2008 with age related cataract. Total 80 patients were included in the study dividing into two groups. In Group-A, 40 patients were treated with diclofenac sodium 0.1% eye drop -1 drop 4 times daily for 30 days after cataract surgery. In Group-B 40 patients were treated with prednisolone acetate 1% eye drop-1 drop-2 hourly 1 week, 1 drop 4 hourly for 2 weeks than 1 drop 6 hourly for 30 days after cataract surgery. Male were 70% and female were 30% in both groups A & B. Post operative inflammation were evaluated by slit lamp examination of cells, flares & keratic precipitate (KP). Patients were evaluated on 1st, 7th and 30th postoperative day. Anterior chamber cells were found 10% in grade-I, 45% in grade-II, 45% in grade-III of group-A and 15% in grade-I, 40% in grade-II, 45% in grade-III patients of group-B in 1st visit. Anterior chamber cells reduce in 2nd visit & in final visit anterior chamber cells were absent in 90% patients in group-A & 92.5% patients in group-B. Anterior chamber flares were found in 32.5% in grade-I, 42.5% in grade-II, 25% patients in grade-III of group-A & 32.5% in grade-I, 47.5% in grade-II, 20% in grade-III of group-B in 1st visit. Anterior chamber flares reduce in both groups in 2nd visit. In final visit anterior chamber flares absent 90% patients in group-A & 90% patients in group-B. KP were found 17.5% patients in grade-I of group-A & 20% patients in grade-I of group-B. In 2nd visit KP reduced in both groups & in final visit KP were absent in 95% patients of group-A & 95% patients of group-B. Analysis shows no significant difference in cells, flares and KP in both groups. Visual acuity with pin hole at final visit- in group-A 5% had 6/18, 10% had 6/12, 50% had 6/9, 35% had 6/6 and in group-B 5% had 6/18, 5% had 6/12, 57.5% had 6/9 and 32.5% had 6/6. Visual outcome were good in both the groups. No statistical significant difference was found between two groups. At each visit there was no statistically significant difference of post operative inflammation between two groups of patients.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

A young boy of 9 years hailing from Fulpur, Mymensingh was admitted in the department of Ophthalmology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh on the 26th November, 2007 with the complaints of dimness of vision of both the eyes and night blindness since birth. The boy suffered poor mental performances with delayed mild stone development. He was apathetic looking and below average IQ with short stature. Visual acuity of this patient recorded 6/60 both the eyes with nystagmus. Fundus examination revealed waxy disc atrophy, arteriolar attenuation and retinal degeneration both the eyes. He had polydactilism, trunkal obesity, hypogenitalism. On the basis of history, clinical examination and relevant investigations the patient was diagnosed as Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.

Theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine and analogues for acute ischaemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Theophylline causes potent cerebral vasoconstriction which decreases blood flow in the non-ischaemic areas of the brain and increases collateral blood flow surrounding the ischaemic region. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effect of theophylline and its analogues (aminophylline and caffeine) in people with confirmed or presumed acute ischaemic stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register (last searched: March 1999), Medline (from 1965), Embase (from 1980), and ISI (from 1981). We contacted drug companies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of theophylline or an analogue compound compared with placebo or control in people with confirmed or presumed acute ischaemic stroke. Trials were included if treatment was started within one week of stroke onset. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers applied the inclusion criteria, assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials involving 119 patients were included. Trial quality was good. Both of the trials tested aminophylline. Analysis was by intention-to-treat where possible. No difference was shown in early death (within four weeks) between aminophylline and placebo (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 2.56). There was no significant difference for early mortality and deterioration (odds ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 1.88). Death or disability was not reduced by treatment based on 73 patients in one trial (odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.24 to 1.68). Data for late mortality and disability were not in a form suitable for analysis. No data on quality of life were available. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to assess whether theophylline or its analogues reduce mortality or morbidity, or are safe, in people with acute ischaemic stroke.

Ureaplasma urealyticum chronic osteomyelitis in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia.

Mycoplasma species are recognized as important pathogens in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. In this article we describe, for the first time, a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia who developed osteomyelitis of the hip caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum. This article emphasizes the need for considering infection with Mycoplasma species in patients with antibody deficiency.

Circadian basis of the late asthmatic response.

The late asthmatic response (LAR) to an allergen challenge has a marked impact on lung function in the patient with asthma. Virtually all studies on the LAR have been done during the daytime. This study evaluated the LAR as a function of the time of day an inhaled allergen challenge was performed. An allergen challenge given in the morning produced a LAR in 4 of 10 subjects, while the same challenge in the evening caused a LAR in 9 of 10 (p less than 0.05). The time to onset of the LAR following the morning and evening challenges was 9.4 +/- 2.0 h versus 3.1 +/- 0.3 h, respectively (p less than 0.05). The maximal decrease in FEV1 for the LAR was 32.8 +/- 5.6% for the morning challenge versus 43.0 +/- 3.1% in the evening (p less than 0.05). Additionally, the bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was significantly greater at 24 h following evening allergen challenge than after the morning (p less than 0.05) challenge. Thus, it is important to take into account the time of day a patient is exposed to an allergen in regard to the development of the LAR.

A random double-blind trial of the combination of nebulized atropine methylnitrate and albuterol in nocturnal asthma.

The combination of nebulized atropine methylnitrate (AMN) and a beta-agonist has been shown to produce greater and longer lasting bronchodilation than either drug alone. We examined the efficacy of the combination in diminishing the "morning dipping" in PEFR in eight hospitalized but stable asthmatics. The patients received nebulized albuterol along with either AMN (AMN + ALB) or placebo (ALB) in a random double-blind cross-over fashion at 10 PM on four nights. PEFR and FEV1 were recorded at 6 PM, 10 PM, and 6 AM before the administration of bronchodilators. There was no statistically significant difference between ALB and AMN + ALB in reducing the morning dipping in these patients.