Resistance of Nile tilapia fed with Padina boergesenii extract to Pseudomonas putida infection.

The aim of this research was to estimate the immunopotentiation effect of brown algae Padina boergesenii water extract on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus through resistance to Pseudomonas putida infection. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry was utilized to characterize the seaweed phytoconstituents. One hundred and twenty-six fish were divided in triplicates into two equal groups corresponding to two diet variants that used to feed Nile tilapia for 20 successive days: a basal (control), and P. boergesenii water extract supplemented group. Fish samples were collected at 10-days intervals throughout the experiment. Serum biochemical constituents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and some immune related genes expression of the spleen and intestinal tissues of experimental fish were studied, as well as histological examination of fish immune tissues. Moreover, following 20 days of feeding, the susceptibility of Nile tilapia to P. putida infection was evaluated to assess the protective effect of the used extract. The findings indicated that the studied parameters were significantly increased, and the best immune response profiles were observed in fish fed P. boergesenii water extract for 20 successive days. A bacterial challenge experiment using P. putida resulted in higher survival within the supplemented fish group than the control. Thus, the lowered post-challenge mortality of the fish may be related to the protection provided by the stimulation of the innate immune system, reduced oxidative stress by higher activity of TAC, and elevated levels of expression of iterleukin-1beta (IL-1ß), beta-defensin (ß-defensin), and natural killer-lysin (NKl). Moreover, the constituents of the extract used showed potential protective activity for histological features of the supplemented fish group when compared to the control. Collectively, this study presents a great insight on the protective role of P. boergesenii water extract as an additive in Nile tilapia feed which suggests its potential for improving the immune response against P. putida infection.

Normal cardiac dimensions by magnetic resonance imaging and topographic anatomy of the adult arabian one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

BACKGROUND: Dromedaries' normal heart architecture and size have not been adequately examined utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and topographic anatomy. RESULT: we aimed to investigate the regular appearance of the heart and its dimensions, using MRI and cross-sectional anatomy, in mature Arabian one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius). We also analyzed hematological and cardiac biochemical markers. MRI scans were conducted on twelve camel heart cadavers using a closed 1.5-Tesla magnet with fast spin echo (FSE) weighted sequences. Subsequently, the hearts were cross-sectionally sliced. Additionally, hematobiochemical studies were conducted on ten mature live camels. The study analyzed standard cardiac dimensions including HL, BW, RA, LA, RV, LV, IVS, LAD, RAD, RVD, AoD, TCVD, and MVD. The results showed a strong positive correlation between the cardiac dimensions obtained from both gross analysis and MR images, with no significant difference between them. On both gross and MRI images, the usual structures of the heart were identified and labeled. Along with the cardiac markers (creatine kinase and troponin), the average hematological values and standard biochemical parameters were also described. CONCLUSION: According to what we know, this investigation demonstrates, for the first time the typical heart structures and dimensions of the heart in dromedaries, and it could serve as a basis for diagnosing cardiac disorders in these animals.

Placental abruption and risk for intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants: the United States national inpatient database.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of placental abruption with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHODS: We examined the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) datasets. Preterm infants <1500 g birth weight (BW) were included. The odds ratios (OR) of developing IVH and severe IVH in association with placental abruption were calculated. Adjusted OR (aOR) were calculated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: The study included 113,445 VLBW infants. IVH occurred in 18.7% in the infants who were born to mothers with history of placental abruption versus 14.7% in infants without placental abruption, aOR 1.25 (95%CI: 1.13-1.38), p < 0.001. Severe IVH occurred in 6.4% in infants born to mothers with history of placental abruption versus 4.0% in those without placental abruption, aOR 1.53 (95%CI: 1.30-1.78), p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Placental abruption is associated with increased prevalence of IVH and severe IVH in VLBW infants.

Glucose instability and outcomes of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the prevalence and associated outcomes of glucose abnormalities in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH). METHODS: Glucose values were reviewed in all HIE infants. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the association of hypo- and hyperglycemic episodes with neonatal brain MRI and neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) at 12 & 24 months. RESULTS: Of 153 infants included, 31, 56 and 43 had episodes of hypo-, hyperglycemia and combined, respectively. Hyperglycemia and combined hypo/hyper had higher mortality (p = 0.035), seizures (p = 0.009), and longer hospitalization (p = 0.023). Hypo- and hyperglycemia were associated with parenchymal hemorrhages (p = 0.028 & p = 0.027, respectively). Hypoglycemia was associated with restricted diffusion (p = 0.014), while hyperglycemia was associated with cortical injuries (p = 0.045). Each hour of hyper- or hypoglycemia was associated with 5.2-5.8 times unfavorable outcomes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Blood glucose aberrations were detrimental in HIE infants treated with TH. Optimizing glucose management is crucial in this setting.

Evaluation of the immune system status and hematological dyscrasias, among amphetamine and cannabis abusers at Eradah Hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the immune system status and hematological disturbances among individuals who abuse amphetamines and cannabis. Substance abuse, particularly of amphetamines and cannabis, has been associated with various adverse effects on the body, including potential impacts on the immune system and hematological parameters. However, limited research has been conducted to comprehensively assess these effects in a cross-sectional design. Additionally, fungal infections are on the rise internationally, and immune-compromised people are particularly susceptible. The study will recruit a sample of amphetamine and cannabis abusers (n = 50) at the Eradah Hospital in the Qassim Region of Buraydah and assess their sociodemographic and biochemical variables, including blood indices and differential WBC indices, liver, and kidney profiles. Additionally, 50 sputum samples in total were cultured for testing for fungus infections. To obtain the descriptive statistics, the data was imported into Microsoft Excel and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 22.0. Amphetamine and cannabis abuser's sociodemographic variables analysis observed that the majority (52%) were aged 18-30, with 56% in secondary school. Unemployment was a significant issue, and most had no other health issues. The majority (50%) had 5-10 years of abuse, while 32% had less than 5 years, and only 18% had been drug abusers for more than 10 years. There were significant changes (p < 0.001) in all different leukocyte blood cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Furthermore, a microscopic examination of blood films from individuals who misuse the combination of the medications "amphetamine and cannabis" reveals hazardous alterations in Neutrophils. Out of 50, 35 sputum samples showed positive growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol antibiotic, indicating a unicellular fungal growth. The present study explores the immune system and hematological disturbances linked to amphetamine and cannabis abuse, providing insights into health risks and targeted interventions. The findings complement previous research on drug users' hematological abnormalities, particularly in white blood cells. Routine hematological tests help identify alterations in homeostatic conditions, improving patient knowledge and preventing major issues. Further research is needed on multi-drug abuse prevention, early detection, and intervention. The cross-sectional design allows for a snapshot of the immune system and hematological status among abusers, laying the groundwork for future longitudinal studies. Key Words: Drug Effect, Immunity, Epidemiology, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation.

Self-Assembled Hydrogel Membranes with Structurally Tunable Mechanical and Biological Properties.

Using supramolecular self-assembled nanocomposite materials made from protein and polysaccharide components is becoming more popular because of their unique properties, such as biodegradability, hierarchical structures, and tunable multifunctionality. However, the fabrication of these materials in a reproducible way remains a challenge. This study presents a new evaporation-induced self-assembly method producing layered hydrogel membranes (LHMs) using tropocollagen grafted by partially deacetylated chitin nanocrystals (CO-g-ChNCs). ChNCs help stabilize tropocollagen's helical conformation and fibrillar structure by forming a hierarchical microstructure through chemical and physical interactions. The LHMs show improved mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and the ability to control drug release using octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) as a drug model. Because of the high synergetic performance between CO and ChNCs, the modulus, strength, and toughness increased significantly compared to native CO. The biocompatibility of LHM was tested using the normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) and the human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2). Cytocompatibility and cell adhesion improved with the introduction of ChNCs. The extracted ChNCs are used as a reinforcing nanofiller to enhance the performance properties of tropocollagen hydrogel membranes and provide new insights into the design of novel LHMs that could be used for various medical applications, such as control of drug release in the skin and bone tissue regeneration.

Optimization of isotropic MoS2/PES membranes for efficient treatment of industrial oily wastewater.

Elimination of tiny oil droplets nearly miscible with wastewater can be realized using membrane technology through ultrafiltration. The novelty of this work was to blend different phases of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in isotropic polyethersulfone (PES). We prepared isotropic PES membranes by optimizing nonsolvent vapour-induced phase separation (VIPS). Membranes were blended with MoS2 nanosheets of different phases to promote separation performance and antifouling resistance. FE-SEM revealed the flower-like surface morphology of MoS2 nanosheets. HR-TEM of MoS2 revealed 2H domains in the monolayer, flakes of a few layers and a d-spacing of 0.22 nm. Raman spectroscopy could be used to distinguish mixed-phase MoS2 from single-phase MoS2. Isotropic PES membranes modified with 70% 1T/2H MoS2 had a significantly high permeance to pure water (6911 kg m-2 h bar). The same membrane possessed a high efficiency of oil rejection of 98.78%, 97.85%, 99.83% for emulsions of industrial crude oil at 100, 1000 and 10 000 mg L-1, respectively. Removal of oil droplets from wastewater was dominated by a mechanism based on size exclusion. Isotropic PES modified with 2H MoS2 possessed superior oleophilicity, which resulted in low rejection of crude oil. Modified membranes showed excellent fouling resistance for three successive filtration cycles, as evidenced by enhanced antifouling parameters. Our study reveals how the phase composition of MoS2 nanosheets can significantly affect the performance of isotropic PES membranes during the ultrafiltration of oily wastewater.

Impact of vaccination on morbidity and mortality in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccination on morbidity and mortality in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A 6-month record-based historical prospective study enrolled COVID-19 adult patients admitted between January and June 2022. Individuals were classified into 3 groups according to their immunity status (immunized, partially immunized, and not immunized). Death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation were identified as the primary outcomes, collectively referred to as "serious outcomes". On the other hand, the length of hospital stays longer than 5 days was categorized as a secondary outcome. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent factors and the relationship between the outcomes and vaccination status. RESULTS: Among the 634 COVID-19 patients admitted to Jazan hospitals, 46.4% were fully immunized, 19.7% were partially immunized, and 33.9% were not immunized. Not being immunized was significantly associated with ICU admission (odds ratio [OR]=1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.17-3.11]; p=0.009), mechanical ventilation (OR=2.11, 95% CI: [1.25-3.56]; p=0.005), increased length of hospital stays (OR=1.79, 95% CI: [1.24-2.59]; p=0.002), and death (OR=3.03, 95% CI: [1.85-4.98]; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach for managing COVID-19 patients that includes vaccination against the disease.

Magnetic hydrochar grafted-chitosan for enhanced efficient adsorption of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions: Modeling, adsorption behavior, and mechanism analysis.

Water pollution by organic dyes is one of the most serious environmental problems worldwide. Malachite green (MG) is considered as one the serious organic dyes which is discharged in wastewater by leather and textile manufacturing plants. MG dye can cause severe hazards to the environment and human health. Therefore, the removal of MG dye from wastewater is very important and essential. This study aims to synthesize a new magnetic hydrochar grafted to chitosan (MWSHC@CS) for the removal of MG dye from the aqueous solutions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and Zeta potential analysis were used to characterize the synthesized MWSHC@CS. Batch experiments were conducted to optimize MG dye adsorption conditions, including adsorbent mass, pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time. The results revealed that MWSHC@CS had an excellent removal efficiency (96.47 %) for MG dye at the optimum condition (at m: 20 mg, pH: 7.5, t: 420 min, and T: 298 K). Adsorption isotherms outcomes revealed the MG adsorption data were best fit by the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity (420.02 mg/g). Adsorption kinetics outcomes exhibited that the adsorption process of MG dye fitted well to the Elovich model. The thermodynamic results revealed that the adsorption process was physical, exothermic, and spontaneous. The adsorption mechanisms of MG onto MWSHC@CS were hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and π-π interactions. Furthermore, MWSHC@CS showed excellent reusability for the removal of MG over five cycles of adsorption-desorption (83.76 %). In conclusion, the study provides a new, low-cost, and effective magnetic nanocomposite based on chitosan as a promising adsorbent for the high-performance removal of MG dye from aqueous solutions.

Hospital Factors Associated with the Survival of Infants Born at Periviable Gestation: The USA National Database.

Background: Reports on the survival of infants born at periviable gestation (GA of ≤24 weeks and birth weight of <500 gm) vary significantly. We aimed to determine hospital factors associated with their survival and to assess the trend for the timing of postnatal mortality in these periviable infants. Methods: We utilized the de-identified National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). National data were analyzed for the years 2010-2018. Hospitals were categorized according to delivery volume, USA regions, and teaching status. Results: We identified 33,998,014 infants born during the study period; 76,231 infants were ≤24 weeks. Survival at birth and first 2 days of life was greatest in urban teaching hospitals in infants <24 weeks and those who completed 24 weeks, respectively. The Northeast region has the lowest survival rate. There was a significant delay in the postnatal day of mortality in periviable infants. Conclusions: Hospital factors are associated with increased survival rates. Improved survival in large teaching hospitals supports the need for the regionalization of care in infants born at the limits of viability. There was a significant delay in the postnatal mortality day.

Characteristics of fecal calprotectin as an early marker for suspected necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns exclusively fed maternal breast milk: a case-control study.

Objective: Numerous studies have proposed using fecal calprotectin among many biomarkers associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate fecal calprotectin as an early marker for suspected NEC (stage 1) in infants fed exclusively breast milk. Methods: We collected 20 stool samples from newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Aswan University Hospital diagnosed with stage I NEC. We compared them with 20 samples from matched healthy newborns. Fecal calprotectin level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Fecal calprotectin level was higher in cases than in the control group (P < 0.001). Also, there was a positive correlation between fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein in the studied cases (P = 0.001). However, there were no correlations between fecal calprotectin and sex or postnatal age. Conclusion: Fecal calprotectin levels increase in newborns with stage I NEC. Although not specific, its sensitivity suggests a role as a potential biomarker in the evaluation of suspected NEC.

Ce-doped ZnO nanostructures: A promising platform for NO2 gas sensing.

In this comprehensive study, Ce-doped ZnO nanostructures were hydrothermally synthesized with varying Ce concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) to explore their gas-sensing capabilities, particularly towards NO2. Structural characterization revealed that as Ce doping increased, crystal size exhibited a slight increment while band gap energies decreased. Notably, the 0.5% Ce-doped ZnO nanostructure demonstrated the highest NO2 gas response of 8.6, underscoring the significance of a delicate balance between crystal size and band gap energy for optimal sensing performance. The selectivity of the 0.5% Ce-doped ZnO nanostructures to NO2 over other gases like H2, acetone, NH3, and CO at a concentration of 100 ppm and an optimized temperature of 250 °C was exceptional, highlighting its discriminatory prowess even in the presence of potential interfering gases. Furthermore, the sensor displayed reliability and reversibility during five consecutive tests, showcasing consistent performance. Long-term stability testing over 30 days revealed that the gas response remained almost constant, indicating the sensor's remarkable durability. In addition to its robustness against humidity variations, maintaining effectiveness even at 41% humidity, the sensor exhibited impressive response and recovery times. While the response time was swift at 11.8 s, the recovery time was slightly prolonged at 56.3 s due to the strong adsorption of NO2 molecules onto the sensing material hindering the desorption process. The study revealed the intricate connection between Ce-doping levels, structure, and gas-sensing. It highlighted the 0.5% Ce-doped ZnO nanostructure as a highly selective, reliable, and durable NO2 gas sensor, with implications for future environmental monitoring and safety.

Unveiling the potential of PANI@MnO2@rGO ternary nanocomposite in energy storage and gas sensing.

The development of advanced materials for energy storage and gas sensing applications has gained significant attention in recent years. In this study, we synthesized and characterized PANI@MnO2@rGO ternary nanocomposites (NCs) to explore their potential in supercapacitors and gas sensing devices. The ternary NCs were synthesized through a multi-step process involving the hydrothermal synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles, preparation of PANI@rGO composites and the assembly to the ternary PANI@MnO2@rGO ternary NCs. The structural, morphological, and compositional characteristics of the materials were thoroughly analyzed using techniques such as XRD, FESEM, TEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. In the realm of gas sensing, the ternary NCs exhibited excellent performance as NH3 gas sensors. The optimized operating temperature of 100 °C yielded a peak response of 15.56 towards 50 ppm NH3. The nanocomposites demonstrated fast response and recovery times of 6 s and 10 s, respectively, and displayed remarkable selectivity for NH3 gas over other tested gases. For supercapacitor applications, the electrochemical performance of the ternary NCs was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The composites exhibited pseudocapacitive behavior, with the capacitance reaching up to 185 F/g at 1 A/g and excellent capacitance retention of approximately 88.54% over 4000 charge-discharge cycles. The unique combination of rGO, PANI, and MnO2 nanoparticles in these ternary NCs offer synergistic advantages, showcasing their potential to address challenges in energy storage and gas sensing technologies.

Advances of Strategies to Increase the Surface Charge Density of Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Review.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have manifested a remarkable potential for harvesting environmental energy and have the prospects to be utilized for various uses, for instance, self-powered sensing devices, flexible wearables, and marine corrosion protection. However, the potential for further development of TENGs is restricted on account of their low output power that in turn is determined by their surface charge density. The current review majorly focuses on the selection and optimization of triboelectric materials. Subsequently, various methods capable of enhancing the surface charge density of TENGs, including environmental regulation, charge excitation, charge pumping, electrostatic breakdown, charge trapping, and liquid-solid structure are comprehensively reviewed. Lastly, the review is concluded by highlighting the existing challenges in enhancing the surface charge density of TENGs and exploring potential opportunities for future research endeavors in this area.

Chorioamnionitis, Cesarean Deliveries, and Racial Disparities in the USA.

BACKGROUND: Studies showed disparities in management and outcomes of African American when compared to Caucasian population. The presence of chorioamnionitis may affect the decision to have a cesarean delivery (CD); however, it is not known if such a decision is affected by the mothers' race/ethnicity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the interaction between African American race/ethnicity and CD in women with chorioamnionitis. METHODS: Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample dataset, we examined the association of CD with chorioamnionitis in the overall population and within Caucasian and African American. Logistic regression models were used to control for confounders. RESULTS: The study included 6,648,883 women who delivered 6,925,920 infants. The prevalence of chorioamnionitis was 0.78 and 1.1 in Caucasian and African American, respectively. CD with and without chorioamnionitis was 41.2% and 32.4%, respectively (aOR 1.46 (1.43-1.49), p < 0.001), in Caucasian population and 45.0% and 36.6% in African American population aOR 1.42 (1.37-1.47), p < 0.001. African American population had significantly higher CD after controlling for chorioamnionitis and other confounding variables (aOR of 1.18 (1.17-1.18), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Chorioamnionitis is associated with increased rate of CD. Ethnic disparities exist in CD rates regardless of the chorioamnionitis status. Such findings warrant further investigation to explore factors associated with this discrepancy.

COVID-19 and Oral Mucosal Lesions: a Systematic Review.

Introduction: COVID-19 disease is caused by a mutated strain of the coronavirus family "SARS-CoV-2". It affects especially the respiratory system, but many clinical manifestations outside this system have been reported. Oral manifestations are uncommon, however, with the absence of common signs, they may represent the onset of COVID-19 disease. The aim of this systematic review is to observe if there is a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and oral manifestations. Methods: The research was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholars and Cochrane Library from March 2020 to May 2023. Each study was subjected to data extraction; including authors, year and month of publication, study type, patients' average age, type and localization of oral lesions, the positivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus test, and comorbidities. Results: A total of 43 studies met the inclusion criteria and a total of 507 COVID-19 patients with 496 oral lesions were included. The most frequent was ulceration and the most common localization was the tongue. Conclusions: The results of our systematic review show a possible correlation between COVID-19 infection and oral manifestations. Further studies are required to determine if the lesions are directly connected to the virus.

The Influences of Nb Microalloying and Grain Refinement Thermal Cycling on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Armox 500T.

This study aims to investigate the combined effect of niobium (Nb) microalloying and austenite grain refinement, using a specific heat treatment cycle, on the microstructure and tribological properties of Armox 500T steel. In this work, Nb addition and thermal cycling were utilized for grain refinement and enhancement of the mechanical properties of Armox 500T alloy, to provide improved protection via lightweight armor steel components with a high strength-to-weight ratio. The kinetics of transformation of the developed Armox alloys were studied using JMATPro version 13.2. The samples were subjected to two austenitizing temperatures, 1000 °C and 1100 °C, followed by 4 min of holding time and three consecutive thermal and rapid-quenching processes from 900 °C to room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) was employed to analyze the microstructure, which primarily consists of four types of martensite: short and long lath martensite, blocky martensite, and equiaxed martensite. Additionally, a small percentage (not exceeding 3%) of carbide precipitates was observed. The wear characteristics of the investigated alloys were evaluated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The results demonstrate that alloying with Nb and grain refinement using a thermal cycle significantly reduce the wear rate.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia During Pregnancy in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review.

The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in Saudi Arabia is variable. Nulliparous, multiparous >3, and multi-gravidity are associated risk factors with a higher incidence of anemia during pregnancy. Other risk factors comprised working, women in university, past history of anemia, obesity, women younger than 25 years, low income, longer menstrual cycle >5 days, bleeding during pregnancy, reduced birth spacing, a low level of education, and decreased intake of iron-rich foods.

Selenium Nanoparticles Ameliorate Adverse Impacts of Aflatoxin in Nile Tilapia with Special Reference to Streptococcus agalactiae Infection.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a plant-origin toxin that could induce oxidative stress in fish. The micromineral selenium (Se) possesses well-documented antioxidant properties. To assess the ameliorative effects of SeNPs (1 mg/kg fish feed) on oxidative stress induced by AFB1 (500 µg/kg fish feed), Nile tilapia (32.2±1.7 g body weight) were distributed randomly and even in six groups for 8-week feeding trial. Live enzymes, AST, ALT, and ALP levels were increased in the serum of fish fed AFB1-contaminated diet, and the addition of SeNPs could restore normal values compared to the control. The gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and catalase (CAT) enzyme, and DNA fragmentation were significantly increased in response to aflatoxin exposure, while dietary SeNPs could mitigate the generated oxidative stress. The innate immunity, serum antibacterial activity (SAA), oxidative burst activity (OBA), phagocytic activities (PA and PI), and gene expression of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1ß, heat shock protein70 (Hsp), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) revealed a status of immunosuppression in Nile tilapia fed on AFB1-contaminated diet. These findings showed that fish became more vulnerable to Streptococcus agalactiae infection with a high mortality rate while dietary SeNPs provided a high relative protection level (RPL). From the obtained findings, SeNPs could mitigate the oxidative stress induced by feeding the AFB1 diet and could boost the immunity of stressed Nile tilapia.

Colorimetric Detection of Cu2+ and Ag+ Ions Using Multi-Responsive Schiff Base Chemosensor: A Versatile Approach for Environmental Monitoring.

In this study, we have synthesized a novel Schiff base-centered chemosensor, designated as SB, with the chemical name ((E)-1-(((6-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) imino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol). This chemosensor was structurally characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. After structural characterization the chemosensor SB was subsequently employed for the detection of Cu2+ and Ag+, using fluorescence spectroscopy. The chemosensor SB showed excellent ability to recognize the target metal ions, leading to fluorescence enhancement and color change from yellow to yellowish orange for Cu2+ and yellow to radish for Ag+ ions. The detection capabilities of this chemosensor were impressive, showing excellent selectivity and an exceptionally low detection limit of 0.0016 µM for Cu2+ and 0.00389 µM for Ag+. Most notably, our approach enables the quantitative detection both metal ions in different water and soil samples at trace level. This achievement holds great promise for analytical applications and offers significant contributions to the field of chemical sensing and environmental protection.