Periconceptional care and offspring health at birth and long term, from the perspective of Avicenna / 中西医结合学报

Periconceptional care such as lifestyle plays an important impact role in offspring health. The aim of the present study was to clarify the perspective of Avicenna on periconceptional care. Avicenna (980-1037 A.D.) was one of the outstanding Persian physicians, who made great contributions to the field of medical sciences, in particular, obstetrics. In advance, Avicenna's book, Canon of Medicine, was considered to find his perspectives on periconceptional care. Then, his ideas and theories were compared to the current findings by searching the keywords in main indexing systems including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science as well as the search engine of Google Scholar. Current investigations show that gamete quality, pregnancy outcome, and offspring health at birth and long term depend on both parents' lifestyle in pre- and periconceptional period, as well as the intrauterine environment. Avicenna believed that seminal fluid, sperm, ovum, and developing conditions in utero were influenced by the stages of food digestion and the function of some organs. On the other hand, food digestion and function of the organs also depend on each parent's lifestyle and environmental factors. He mentioned 6 principles of healthy lifestyle: exercise, nutrition, sleep and awareness, excretion of body wastes and retention of necessary materials, psychic features, as well as air and climate. Thus, a multicomponent healthy lifestyle should be considered by parents of child-bearing age in an appropriate period before and in early pregnancy as well as elimination of any disorders in parents, to give birth to more healthy offspring.

The medieval Persian manuscript of Afyunieh: the first individual treatise on the opium and addiction in history / 中西医结合学报

According to historical evidence, the abuse of opium has been reported all over the globe-specifically throughout Eastern nations-since the sixteenth century. Before that, opium had mostly been applied as medication. Reference has been made in traditional Persian medical literature to the method of cultivation, properties, side effects and toxicity. In sixteenth century Iran, during the reign of the Safavids, opium abuse began. It was from then that prominent Persian scholars started to think of solutions to this societal problem. One of the most famous scholars was Imad al-Din Mahmud ibn Mas'ud Shirazi, who composed a book concerning addiction-Afyunieh, a comprehensive book on the topic of opium and all issues of opium. Furthermore, he recommended methods for reducing opium dose as well as substitution with other medications that had a narrower range of side effects, in order to eradicate dependency upon opium and opium-derived materials. This is most likely the first book that comprehensively addressed opium and discussed drug rehabilitation methodology, in traditional Persian medical literature. In this historical review, the authors have introduced the book Afyunieh, which presents methods for treating addiction to and giving up opium; the text comprises a synthesis of the author's opinions, professional experience and references to the work of other famous physicians.

Frequency of K-RAS and N-RAS Gene Mutations in Colorectal Cancers in Southeastern Iran

Background: K-RAS and N-RAS gene mutations cause resistance to treatment in patients with colorectal cancer. Based on this, awareness of mutation of these genes is considered a clinically important step towards better diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Materials and Methods: Fifty paraffin-embedded blocks of colorectal cancer were obtained from Imam Reza Hospital of Birjand, Iran. Following DNA extraction, the samples were analyzed for common mutations of exons 2, 3 and 4 of KRAS and NRAS genes using real time PCR and pyrosequencing. Results: According to this study, the prevalence of mutations was respectively 28% (14 out of 50) and 2% (1 out of 50) in KRAS and NRAS genes. All the mutations were observed in patients >50 years old. Conclusions: Mutations were found in both KRAS and NRAS genes in colorectal cancers in Iranian patients. Determining the frequency of these mutations in each geographical region may be necessary to benefit from targeted cancer therapy.

A survey of complementary and alternative medicine in Iran / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey the use, capability and satisfaction of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in comparison with conventional medicine in Iran.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this national survey, a cross-sectional study was designed, 5,000 people were surveyed to identify predictors of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) use compared with conventional medicine. Data were collected through a questionnaire that covered three different predictor categories: demographic information, patient's viewpoint, and patients' experiences.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most of the participants preferred government owned hospitals rather than other places. Praying for one's own health was the most frequent and favorable ITM domain (P=0.017) based on patients' interests, both in low- (P=0.08) and high-level (P=0.011) educated subjects. Among the participants, 97.8% had previous conventional medicine history due to their chronic diseases</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Iranian patients resort to ITM as a choice at the late stage of the disease. Current deficiency in integration of CAM and conventional medicine is in contrast to the increasing demand on patients' side. Health care organizers should be facilitating the CAM services by tuition of CAM practitioners and supporting eligible CAM centers for diagnosis and treatment of patients.</p>