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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Informed consent (IC) is the process of establishing communication between the physician and the patient or an alternative decision that leads to the agreement or rejection of the patient and/or their legal representative to perform specific medical procedures. In this study, we evaluated the level of awareness and patient participation in IC in the surgical wards of the general hospital in northern Iran in the 2019-2020 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is cross-sectional research that was performed during the 2019-2020 years. The statistical population includes patients admitted to the surgical wards of the general hospital in northern Iran in 2019-2020. The Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size and the statistical sample size was 385 patients. The sampling method is stratified random. The method of data collection was through questionnaire tools. The software used was SPSS 21 with an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Our data showed that the frequency of men was significantly higher (P < 0.001). Individuals with a higher education group have a significantly higher level of awareness (P < 0.001). The Pearson's Correlation (PC) test showed that there was no significant correlation between age and patients' awareness score (PC = -0.007, P = 0.887). CONCLUSION: The current study showed that individuals with higher education had a significantly higher level of awareness, and there was no significant correlation between age and patients' awareness score. Therefore, senior university administrators are suggested to improve IC processes in accordance with the patients' rights charter and internationally accredited standards, and assist health care providers with legal implications in the courts.
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INTRODUCTION: Every year million people have poisoning. Most of them will duo to severity of complications. Identifying the pattern of poisoning will help to prevent of them. Because of the non-medicine substance have a wide variety range and easily is used among people, so the aim of this study was to determine frequency of non-medicinal poisoning according to 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) in hospitalized patient. METHOD: This is a descriptive cross section study. The medical records of inpatient hospitalized in hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences during 2010-2011 were reviewed. The ICD-10 codes for retrieval patient records were T51-T65 which was included alcohol, organic solvent, halogen derivatives, corrosive substance, detergent, metals, inorganic substance, carbon monoxide, gases, fumes and vapors, pesticide, noxious substance has eaten as seafood, noxious substance has eaten as food, unspecified substances. The data were analyzed with SPSS and descriptive and X2 statistics. RESULTS: Of the 1546 in patient with diagnosed poisoning, the 581(37.5%) were non medicine poisoning. Median of age 29±17 years, 231(51.6%) female, 300(51.6%) are intentional, and the most material were insecticide276 (47.5%), sting 96(16.3%) and alcohol 76(13%) and organic solvent 40 cases and the 38(95%) of them was children. CONCLUSION: According the result of this study the most cause of poisoning was insecticides. Preventive program for all the groups are suggested and for intentional self-harms and suicide attempted the program of consultation is necessary.
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INTRODUCTION: Since children neither comprehended nor contribute to the decision, discharge against medical advice is a challenge of health care systems in the world. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the rate and causes of discharge against medical advice. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done by reviewing the medical records by census method. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and x(2) statistics was used to determine the relationship between variables. The value of P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Rate of discharged against medical advice was 108 (2.2%). Mean of age and length of stay were 2.8±4 (SD).3 years old and 3.7±5.4 (SD) days, respectively. Totally, 95 patients (88.7%) had health insurance and 65 (60.2%) patients lived in urban areas. History of psychiatric disease and addiction in 22 (20.6%) of the parents were negative. In addition, 100 (92.3%) patients admitted for medical treatment and the others for surgery. The relationship of the signatory with patients (72.3%) was father. Of 108 patients discharged against medical advice, 20 (12%) were readmitted. The relationship between the day of discharge and discharge against medical advice was significant (ρ =0/03). CONCLUSION: Rate of discharge against medical advice in Boo-ali hospital is the same as the other studies in the same range. The form which is used for this purpose did not have suitable data elements about description of consequence of such discharge, and it has not shown the real causes of discharge against medical advice.
