[Morphological changes of the vision organ among winterers in Ukrainian Antarctic station "Academician Vernadskii"].

The study revealed that the Antarctic territory in the area of the Ukrainian Antarctic station "Academician Vernadsky" can be referred to the zone of the "super high", risk in developing ophthalmological pathology, caused by ultraviolet radiation. The results of the comprehensive dynamic study of 24 winterers of the XVI and XVII Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions (2011-2013) showed the developing of specific changes in the organ of vision under the exposure to the excessive natural ultraviolet radiation (UVR), such as parenchymatous-endothelial keratopathy, nuclear-posteriorcapsular phacopathy, maculopathy. Morphological changes were recorded using the cornea densitometry method: a decrease of the central cornea thickness by 14.3%, a decrease of the density and the number of endothelial cells of hexagonal type by 10.1% and 16.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). Using densitometry method, we detected morphological changes in the lens. Specifically, we found an increase of the optic lens density: in median zone by 10.1%, in maximal zone by 21.6%, in posterior part by 13.1%, P < 0.05. The results of densitometry recordings point to the development of local opacity in the posterior lens parts (in the nucleus and in the capsule). The data of the computed quantitative macula perimetry showed a significant decrease of light sensitivity of retina conicalis cells by 6 times (P < 0.05). The morphological signs of the endured acute solar retinopathy were found in more than 50% winterers. The revealed pathological changes can be considered as pre-, subclinical manifestations of the cornea dystrophy, cataracts and maculodystrophy, caused by specific action of the natural UVR, thus demanding the elaboration of the combined preventive measures.

[Research of influencing of ecological factors of Antarctic on capacity of human for adaptation].

A purpose of work is a study of influencing of ecological factors of Antarctic on the physiological functions of human and development of technologies of increase of adaptation stability of organism. Antarctic influences of heliophysicals factors are studied on the organism of human. It is set that natural hertzian waves with a frequency spectrum identical of brain of human biorhythm, straight influence on electric activity as a reaction of synchronization. It is shown that the reactions of the system of circulation of blood of human in Antarctic are closely associated with the changes of barometric pressure and humidity, have hypoxical genesises and depend on polymorphism of gene of HIF-1alpha. It is shown that the study of negative influence on the organism of ecological factors in the conditions of absence of factors of technogenidc origin is instrumental in development of new technologies of prophylaxis of morbidity and saving of capacity of human as in extreme terms so in the conditions of the modem status of ecological surroundings.

[Dependence of adaptative disorders of the human organism functional systems on gene HIF-1alpha polymorphism during long stay in Antarctic region].

The investigation was carried out on 45 men aged 43.1 +/- 2.9 years which were team members of the Antarctic station Academician Vernadsky. Among participants of expedition, we revealed 22% of winterers with the heterozygotic genotype C/T HIF-1alpha. It was shown that the persons with a heterozygotic genotype were more predisposed to the latent hypoxia development during long stay in Antarctica.

[Individual characteristics of human adaptation to intermittent hypoxia: possible role of genetic mechanisms].

The majority of the adaptation processes to hypoxia is based on transcriptional regulation by hypoxia-inducible factors--HIFs. Recently the allele polymorphism of oxygen-dependent degradation domain of HIF-lalpha has been described. It consists in the replacement of cytosine for thymine in 1772 location (C1772-->T). The physiological significance of such replacement is obscure. In the investigation of 26 healthy elderly subjects (58.5 +/- 0.7 yr) we tried to verify whether HIF-lalpha polymorphism in exon 12 may identify individual features of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) (isocapnic hypoxic rebreathing technique, 5-min sessions with 5 min rest intervals, 3 times daily during 10 days). The distribution of HIF-l alpha genotypes for C1772-->T were studied by using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction analysis. We detected that all subjects from the group had C/C genotype. Meanwhile, the broad spectrum of adaptive reactions to IHT was observed, from the best adaptation up to disadaptation. IHT enhanced HVRs in the range of 167% - 5%, blood malon dialdehyde content varied from a decrease by 46% up to an increase by 88%, the changes of superoxide dismutase activity varied from +64% to -56% etc. These results suggest that the C1772-->T polymorphism in HIF- 1alpha does not contribute to individual peculiarities of adaptation to IHT. Because the activity of HIF-lalpha is regulated by multiple steps including the transcriptional level, the effect of the polymorphism in enother exons on the adaptive reactions remains to be elucidated.

[Characteristics of changes in respiratory function of humans after a long stay in Antarctic region].

Fifteen participants of the Antarctic expedition (men, 27-51 years old) have been investigated after their return from a one-year stay there. All subjects have signs of latent hypoxia. Compensation of hypoxic reactions depended on the initial state of organism oxygen regimen as well as on the features of a genotype. It was supposed that, after a long stay by a person in the coastal Antarctic conditions, the latent form of hypoxia could develop. The latter was accompanied by reorganizations of oxygen regimen and determined by specific features of a genotype.

[Medical and biological studies of Ukrainian scientists in Antarctic region]. / Medyko-biolohichni doslidzhennia vchenykh Ukraïny v Antarktytsi.

People adaptation problem in Antarctic conditions, prophylactics of the desinchronostic disturbances, destability of psycho-emotion state, pathological manifestation of the heart-vessel system, tasks of regional waste influences on the people organism are not insolvable up to now and is the base of medical-biological researches. In accordance with the peculiarities of the geographical positions of Academician Vernadsky station and long period of staying in extremely conditions of Antarctic the medical-physiological researches will executed on the each stage. During the selection of candidates for the work at Ukrainian Antarctic station we studied new medico-biological criteria including genetic markers with aim to forecast antagonism functional state during wintering. At the period of staying in Antarctic in the conditions of season inversions and hour belts removals it will executed the researches of biorhythmological peculiarities of the psychophysiological function and heart-vessel system states, outer system of breathing and biochemistry indexes of people fluids. It was shown that the biggest part of disturbances in organisms functional system at the period of Antarctic winter has an ability to restoration after returning to homeland. However, disturbances in immunology system state are prolonged, harmful influence of solar radiation are revealed on the people sight, especially, when one use the not recommended lighting filters. With the purpose of prophylactic of desynchronic disturbances, which was find after wintering at the more then 90% expedition personnel, it was worked out an non invasion methods of correction by using the individual polychromatic influence on organism. It is studied the teleconnection results of long period staying of expedition staff in Antarctic. It was established, that Ukrainian members of expedition have the fixed number of radionuclids of Cesium in organism. After staying in Antarctic radionuclids of Cesium in organism do not reveal.