Evaluation of the Survival of Lactobacillus fermentum K73 during the Production of High-Oleic Palm Oil Macroemulsion Powders Using Rotor-Stator Homogenizer and Spray-Drying Technique.

This study aimed to evaluate the survival of the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum when it is encapsulated in powdered macroemulsions to develop a probiotic product with low water activity. For this purpose, the effect of the rotational speed of the rotor-stator and the spray-drying process was assessed on the microorganism survival and physical properties of probiotic high-oleic palm oil (HOPO) emulsions and powders. Two Box-Behnken experimental designs were carried out: in the first one, for the effect of the macro emulsification process, the numerical factors were the amount of HOPO, the velocity of the rotor-stator, and time, while the factors for the second one, the drying process, were the amount of HOPO, inoculum, and the inlet temperature. It was found that the droplet size (ADS) and polydispersity index (PdI) were influenced by HOPO concentration and time, ζ-potential by HOPO concentration and velocity, and creaming index (CI) by speed and time of homogenization. Additionally, HOPO concentration affected bacterial survival; the viability was between 78-99% after emulsion preparation and 83-107% after seven days. The spray-drying process showed a similar viable cell count before and after the drying process, a reduction between 0.04 and 0.8 Log10 CFUg-1; the moisture varied between 2.4% and 3.7%, values highly acceptable for probiotic products. We concluded that encapsulation of L. fermentum in powdered macroemulsions at the conditions studied is effective in obtaining a functional food from HOPO with optimal physical and probiotic properties according to national legislation (>106 CFU mL-1 or g-1).

Crystal structure, spectroscopic characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of aqua-dichlorido-{N-[(pyridin-2-yl)methyl-idene]aniline}copper(II) monohydrate.

The reaction of N-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine with copper chloride dihydrate produced the title neutral complex, [CuCl2(C12H10N2)(H2O)]·H2O. The CuII ion is five-coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, in which the two N atoms of the bidentate Schiff base, as well as one chloro and a water mol-ecule, form the irregular base of the pyramidal structure. Meanwhile, the apical chloride ligand inter-acts through a strong hydrogen bond with a water mol-ecule of crystallization. In the crystal, mol-ecules are arranged in pairs, forming a stacking of symmetrical cyclic dimers that inter-act in turn through strong hydrogen bonds between the chloride ligands and both the coordinated and the crystallization water mol-ecules. The mol-ecular and electronic structures of the complex were also studied in detail using EPR (continuous and pulsed), FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, as well as magnetization measurements. Likewise, Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to investigate the inter-molecular inter-actions in the crystal packing.

Physical, thermal and thermodynamical study of high oleic palm oil nanoemulsions.

Nanoemulsions are useful for encapsulating nutritionally compounds of the high oleic palm oil (HOPO) including ß-carotene and tocopherols. However, some nanoemulsions can be thermodynamically unstable. For this reason, it is important to understand the thermal and thermodynamic stability of nanoemulsions and to investigate both the parameters that cause, and the mechanisms associated with, the destabilization. In this sense, the DSC, TGA and destabilization analysis were used. In this work, the average droplet size (ADS) and zeta potential (ζ) had a significant influence over HOPO nanoemulsions stability. The range of ADS and ζ were between 162 and 839 nm and -9 to -40 mV, respectively. Furthermore, the HOPO nanoemulsions were establish until temperatures of 80 °C, showing lower loss of weight when the ADS was higher. Additionally, the destabilization of nanoemulsions occurred by the Ostwald ripening mechanism. The Ostwald ripening rate was provided as stability parameter which increased to nanoemulsions with ADS higher between 5 × 10-23 and 8 × 10-23 m3/s.

Condrodiastasis y transporte óseo simultáneos para formación de hueso único como alternativa de reconstrucción por trauma severo de antebrazo en niños: reporte de un caso / Chondrodiatasis and bone simultaneous transport for formation of one-bone as reconstruction alternative for severe trauma of forearm in children: report of a case

Los defectos post traumáticos severos de miembros superiores en niños son infrecuentes y cuando ocurren involucran mecanismos de alta energía. Se realiza estudio descriptivo, sobre preescolar masculino, 7 años, indígena, quien presentó trauma severo en antebrazo derecho con fractura abierta III b y pérdida de 2/3 distales del cúbito y 2/3 proximales del radio con preservación de placa de crecimiento de éste último. Planteamos como objetivo preservar el miembro, mantener longitud axial y su máxima función realizando la reconstrucción de antebrazo por condrodiastasis del radio y transporte óseo del cúbito simultáneamente utilizando fijador externo llizarov. Logramos alargamiento de 2,5 cms. en radio y 3 cms. en cubito con la consolidación de ambos para la formación de un hueso único radio-cubito, conservando los movimientos intrínsecos de la mano, el crecimiento epifisiario, la flexo-extensión de codo y muñeca con abolición de pronosupinación. Concluimos que la cirugía reconstructiva con formación de hueso único mediante técnicas combinadas de alargamiento óseo es una opción terapéutica eficaz para el manejo del trauma complejo del antebrazo con pérdida de hueso en niños.

Severe post-traumatic defects in the upper limbs of children are rather rare and when they happen they involve mechanisms of high energy. Material and methods descriptive and prospective study about indigenous masculine, 7 years, who present severe trauma in right forearm with open fracture III b and loss of 2/3 distal of the ulna and 2/3 proximal of the radio with preservation of plate of growth. We outline as objective to preserve the limb, to maintain axial longitude and their maximun function carrying out the forearm reconstruction simultaneously for chondrodiatasis of the radio and bone transport of the ulna using external fixation llizarov. We achieved lengthening of 2,5 cm. in radio and 3 cm. in ulna with thinks about the consolidation of both for the formation of a one-bone radio-ulna, conserving the intrinsic movements of the hand, the epiphyseal growth, the elbow flexo-extension and wrist with pronosupination abolition. WE concluded that the reconstructive surgery with formation of one-bone mediating combined techniques of bone lengthening is a therapeutic effective option for the hadling of the complex trauma of the forearm with bone loss in children.

La hemicallotasis: una alternativa en el tratamiento ante la necrosis ósea por quemaduras eléctricas: a propósito de un caso / The hemicallotasis: an alternative in the treatment to the bone necrosis by electric burns: propuse of case

Las quemaduras eléctricas causan daños severos en tejidos y órganos, los vasos sanguíneos pueden trombosarse y progresivamente producir necrosis. La tibia es uno de los huesos con menos vascularidad, donde las quemaduras condicionan graves defectos óseos y de partes blandas. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, donde presentamos un paciente masculino indígena de 27 años de edad, quien sufrió descarga eléctrica de alto voltaje, en el cual se observó defecto de partes blandas con exposición de la cara anteromedial distal de la tibia derecha, nuestro objetivo fue realizar una ostectomía de la cara anteromedial, para resecar el segmento óseo necrótico, seguidamente se realiza osteotomía percutánea de una hemicortical de la diáfisis de la tibia y se colocó un fijador externo lizarov para el transporte óseo. Obtuvimos 15 mcs. aproximadamente de transporte, desde la diáfisis proximal con media de la cara anteromedial de la tibia hacia el defecto óseo resecado. Con la hemicallotasis se logra un hueso nuevo, provisto de tejido y piel necesarios cuando se ve comprometida la circulación de los huesos. La hemicallotasis es una alternativa de tratamiento de paciente con lesiones de huesos largos con desvascularización y pérdida detejidos blandos.

Electrical burns cause terrible damage to tissues and organs, blood vessels and thrombi can produce progressive necrosis. The tibia is one of the bones with less vascularity, where serious condition from burns and bone defects of soft tissue. Indian male 27 years old, who had ruled out high-voltage power, with necrosis of the right tibia, being transferred to the University Hospital "Manuel Nuñez Tovar". A descriptive study: Where an osteotomy is performed to resect the necrotic bone segment, then performs a hemicortical percutaneous osteotomy of the diaphysis of the tibia and placed an lizarov type external fixator with a rail for the transport bone. Carriage, from the diaphysis with the proximal half of the front of the tibia to the bone defect surgically resected. Hemicallotasis is achieved with a new bone, tissue and skin provided when needed is compromised the circulation of bone. Hemicallotasis is an alternative treatment in patients with lesions of long bones with little loss of vascularity and soft tissue.