TEM and HREM of diamond crystals grown on Si tips: structure and results of ion-beam-treatment.

Diamond single crystals were grown on the silicon whiskers by a hot filament chemical vapor deposition technique at the filament temperature about 2100 degrees C and the temperature of support 800 degrees C. Specimens were examined by SEM, TEM, HRTEM and SAED. When the filament temperature was about 1900 degrees C globular polycrystalline diamond particles were grown. At a support temperature more then 800 degrees C SiC nanoparticles were formed. To investigate the ion etching process of the silicon tip/diamond system, tips were treated with an Ar(+) beam with energy up to 30 kV. The results depend on fluence: at 4 x 10(18)ion/cm(2) diamonds and partially Si tips were destroyed, amorphous layer was formed (sometimes with nanometric size fragments of diamond); at 1 x 10(18)ion/cm(2) sharpened diamonds (radius of curvature about 20 nm) covered with amorphous layer (radius about 80 nm) probably with nanoclusters of diamond were observed; at 4.4 x 10(17) ion/cm(2) there was no visible tip sharpening but formation of amorphous thick layer occurred. The emission characteristics of Si tips covered with diamond were improved due to ion treatment. Since such tips in our case were covered with amorphous layer containing nanometric size fragments of diamond, we suppose this layer is responsible for electron emission improvement.

[Sociomedical characteristics of population groups differing in the frequency of alcohol consumption (population research)]. / Nekotorye mediko-sotsial'nye kharakteristiki grupp naseleniia, razlichaiushchikhsia po chastote upotrebleniia alkogolia (populiatsionnoe issledovanie).

A representative sample of the population of one Moscow district (people aged 35-64) was studied. All the examined subjects were asked, how often they used alcohol. Only 31.1% of women and 14.3% of men used no alcohol at all. The highest was the percentage of persons using alcohol several times a year: 42.1% of men and 60% of women. Men using alcohol several times a week proved to have arterial hypertension more often than those not using alcohol. Among men aged 55-64 using alcohol several times a week nobody had normal blood pressure. The more alcohol people used, the less they cared for their health and the more rarely they visited a doctor.

[Integral assessment of cerebral hemodynamics normally, at a borderline level of arterial pressure and in arterial hypertension]. / Integral'naia otsenka mozgovoi gemodinamiki v norme, pri pogranichnom urovne arterial'nogo davleniia i arterial'noi gipertonii.

Cerebral circulation in relation to central hemodynamics was examined by means of rheoencephalography and chest rheography in 667 individuals with normal and elevated arterial blood pressure. Cardio-cerebral mechanisms are shown to be pathogenetically engaged since early stages of arterial hypertension. They are manifested as decreased cerebral stroke volume, smaller pulse inflow to cerebral arteries and increased vascular tonicity. Cerebral circulatory disorders grew more severe as the disease progressed.

Medical efficacy of a cooperative prevention programme of arterial hypertension.

The study included 43,197 men aged 40-54 years, of whom 23,378 were in the intervention group and 19,819 in the comparison group; the number of man-years of follow-up totalled for the whole group 177,703. The study proved the efficacy of active, predominantly secondary prevention of arterial hypertension (AH), carried out in men aged 40-54 years over a period of 3-5 years in 12 centres within the framework of the cooperative programme. In comparison with the control group, the following changes were registered in the intervention group: 1) overall mortality decreased by 17.3%; 2) stroke mortality decreased by 48.4%; 3) non-lethal stroke morbidity decreased by 51.4%; 4) morbidity of non-fatal myocardial infarction decreased in the course of four years by 23.8%. In contrast to this, mortality due to ischaemic heart disease was in the intervention group and in the control group practically the same.

[Express-method of assessing the status of hypertension control]. / Ekspress-metod otsenki sostoianiia bor'by s arterial'noi gipertoniei.

The authors describe a method for evaluating arterial hypertension control among the unorganized population visiting polyclinics and organized population taken care of at the medical centers. The method was tried in the city of Chelyabinsk as applicable to a randomized population sample of a medical territorial district and to a randomized sample (8%) of the workers from 9 shops of the steel plant. The method lies in the study of the population health status (arterial hypertension prevalence and knowledge, treatment coverage and efficacy) and of the documentation available at the treatment and prophylactic institutions concerning arterial hypertension control (coverage, registration, scope of examinations, and so forth). It is shown that the method is unsophisticated and feasible for examination of the population and documentation requires 5 days. It is suggested that the method should be used in the study of the situation concerning arterial hypertension control as well as in the study of the problems in the control of other non-infectious diseases.

[Value of the analysis of new cases of arterial hypertension in an organized population for the purpose of planning primary prevention programs]. / Znachenie analiza vozniknoveniia novykh sluchaev arterial'noi gipertonii v organizovannoi populiatsii dlia planirovaniia programm pervichnoi profilaktiki etogo zabolevaniia sredi neseleniia.

Within the framework of the 5-year program for the control of arterial hypertension, "detriment" to the population program caused by the lack of preventive work among the so-called healthy portion of the population was estimated at a Moscow machine-building plant. The proportion of patients in whom arterial hypertension was successfully reduced or controlled was matched against the proportion of those whose arterial BP went up above the normal or marginal level during the same period. The study demonstrated the possibility of identifying high-risk individuals in need of primary preventive care within a population, and timely and purposive planning of preventive programs.

[Interrelation between arterial hypertension and the data of their obstetrical and gynecological anamnesis in women aged 30 to 54--workers in a Moscow industrial enterprise]. / Izuchenie vzaimosviazi arterial'noi gipertonii s dannymi akusherskoginekologicheskogo anamneza u zhenshchin 30-54 let--rabotnits promyshlennogo predpriiatiia Moskvy.

The population studies carried out among women engaged in automotive industry have demonstrated the relationship between arterial hypertension (AH) and an aggravated obstetric and gynecological anamnesis. In climacteric women, AH has been found to occur twice as frequently as in those of the same age with preserved menstrual function.