Fatores estressores de estudantes de enfermagem em diferentes cenários simulados

Objetivo: Comparar a percepção de fatores estressores de estudantes de enfermagem antes e após sua experiência em cinco cenários diferentes de simulação. Material e Método: Pesquisa de intervenção, longitudinal e quantitativa, realizado com uma amostra por conveniência de 35 estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade do sul do Brasil. O critério de inclusão foi estar matriculado no curso Saúde do Adulto e do Idoso do sexto semestre do programa de Enfermagem, que tem duração de 10 semestres. O critério de exclusão foi ter formação prévia em um programa com competências em exame clínico. O critério de descontinuidade foi a ausência de pelo menos uma experiência simulada. O questionário KEZKAK, validado em português e adaptado com 31 itens para estudos de simulação, foi utilizado para avaliar a percepção de fatores estressores durante cinco cenários simulados sobre suporte básico e avançado de vida. Resultados: Após experiência dos estudantes em cinco diferentes cenários de simulação, observou-se uma redução significativa na percepção dos seguintes estressores: falta de competência (p= 0,0329); contato com o sofrimento (p= 0,0279); relacionamento com tutores e companheiros (p= 0,4699 / p= 0,0135 respectivamente); e ser magoado no relacionamento com o paciente (p= 0,0110). Conclusões: A execução de cenários variados e com nível progressivo de complexidade, pode ajudar a reduzir os fatores de estresse percebidos pelos estudantes de enfermagem durante as atividades de simulação clínica.

Objective: To compare the perception of nursing students before and after their experience in five different simulation scenarios. Materials and Methods: Interventional, longitudinal and quantitative research, conducted with a convenience sample of 35 nursing students from a university in the south of Brazil. The inclusion criterion was to be enrolled in the course Adult and Elderly Health of the sixth semester of the graduate Nursing program, which has a duration of 10 semesters. The exclusion criterion was having previous training in a program with competencies in clinical examination. The discontinuity criterion was the absence of at least one simulated experience. To assess the perception of stressors during simulated scenarios in basic and advanced life support, the KEZKAK questionnaire, validated in Portuguese and adapted with 31 items for simulation studies, was used. Results: After experiencing five different simulation scenarios, there was a significant reduction in the perception of the following stressors: lack of competence (p= 0.0329); contact with suffering (p= 0.0279); relationship with tutors and peers (p= 0.4699 / p= 0.0135 respectively); and hurt feelings in the relationship with the patient (p= 0.0110). Conclusions: Performing varied scenarios with increasing levels of complexity may help to reduce the stressors perceived by nursing students during clinical simulation activities.

Objetivo: Comparar la percepción de factores estresantes en estudiantes de enfermería antes y después de su experiencia en cinco escenarios diferentes de simulación. Material y Método: Investigación de intervención, longitudinal y cuantitativa, realizada con una muestra por conveniencia de 35 estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad del Sur de Brasil. El criterio de inclusión fue estar matriculado en la asignatura de Salud del Adulto y Adulto Mayor del sexto semestre de la carrera de Enfermería que tiene un total de 10 semestres de formación. El criterio de exclusión fue tener formación previa em una carrera com competencias en examen clínico. El criterio de discontinuidad fue la ausencia en al menos una experiencia simulada. Para evaluar la percepción de estresores durante los escenarios simulados en soporte vital básico y avanzado, se utilizó el cuestionario KEZKAK validado en lengua portuguesa, adaptado com 31 ítems para estudios en el ámbito de la simulación. Resultados: Después de la experiencia en cinco escenarios diferentes de simulación, hubo una reducción significativa en la percepción de los siguientes factores estresantes: falta de competencia (p= 0,0329); contacto con el sufrimiento (p= 0,0279); relación con tutores y compañeros (p= 0,4699 / p=0,0135); y sentirse herido en la relación con el paciente (p= 0,0110). Conclusiones: La ejecución de escenarios variados y con un nivel de complejidad progresivo, puede ayudar a reducir los estresores que perciben los estudiantes de enfermería durante las actividades de simulación clínica.

Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Mental Health in a Brazilian National Sample.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported rape and its associations with other forms of violence and mental health outcomes. The Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey is a probabilistic household survey that collected data from 4,283 Brazilians aged 14 years and older in 2012. The prevalence of rape was 2.3% (n = 107) and the majority (n = 81) of rapes were reported by women. Female gender increased the chances of rape (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.7, 4.3]). Adults aged 35 to 46 years (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = [1.2, 4.4]) and being without religion (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = [1.3, 3.8]) were also associated with increased chances of rape. Participants with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were 16.5 times (95% CI = [10.1, 26.7]) more likely to report having been raped. Other outcomes related to been raped were history of child prostitution (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI = [2.1, 13.4]) and witnesses of violence during childhood (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.5, 3.8]). People without social support (AOR≅3, 95% CI = [1.8, 4.3]), victims of multiple recent negative events (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI = [2.4, 5.8]), people with depression (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = [1.7, 3.9]), history of suicidal ideation (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI = [2.0, 7.1]), and history of suicide attempts (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = [1.1, 4.3]) are other outcomes related to having been raped. In this sample, rape was related to gender and to other forms of violence and victimization. Self-reports of rape appear to underestimate the true prevalence as the figures obtained from the survey were low. Other methods should be used to investigate this issue.

Nursing case management for people with hypertension in primary health care: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a chronic disease that requires continuous and long-term care to prevent or delay the development of associated complications. Although various interventions for hypertension exist, case management in Brazil's primary healthcare is understudied. We examined nursing case management effectiveness for controlling blood pressure among Brazilian adults with hypertension in the public healthcare system. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up was conducted at a primary healthcare clinic in southern Brazil. Adult patients with hypertension were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 47) and usual care groups (n = 47). The nursing case management model includes nursing consultations, telephone contact, home visits, health education, and appropriate referrals. Patient outcomes (blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, quality of life, treatment adherence) were assessed at baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-up for the intervention group and at baseline and 12-month follow-up for the usual care group. Data were collected from only the intervention group at T6 to avoid contact between the researcher and the usual care group, and to check the care plan and modify it if necessary. RESULTS: After the intervention, the intervention group's blood pressure decreased significantly compared to the usual care group. The differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups was -8.3 (intervention)/1.1 (usual care) mmHg (p = .004) and -7.4/-0.6 mmHg (p = .007), respectively. The intervention group had significantly greater improvement in waist circumference (-2.0/1.2 cm), body mass index (- 0.4/0.3), and treatment adherence (4.8/-1.1) than the usual care group (all p < .05). CONCLUSION: Nursing case management in primary healthcare may be effective for improving outcomes among patients with hypertension.

Drug use and risk factors among secondary students.

UNLABELLED: Adolescence is a phase of exposure to several risk behaviors, especially the experimental use of drugs and its associated problems. The study aims to identify risk factors and drug use among secondary students in Comonfort, Guanajuato, Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study, using a version of the Drug User Screening Inventory (DUSI) adapted from Portuguese to Spanish. The sample was composed of 695 (42.9%) students, 52.8% women. Drug use was present in 20.3%, predominantly alcohol and tobacco. Risk factors are related to the male gender, older than 13 years, second and third grades, living with relatives, poor relationships, curiosity, family conflicts, peer pressure and solidarity. CONCLUSION: alcohol and tobacco are the most used drugs and are associated to curiosity and peer pressure.

Use of Bayesian methods for multivariate bioequivalence measures.

In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian analysis for bioequivalence data assuming multivariate pharmacokinetic measures. With the introduction of correlation parameters between the pharmacokinetic measures or between the random effects in the bioequivalence models, we observe a good improvement in the bioequivalence results. These results are of great practical interest since they can yield higher accuracy and reliability for the bioequivalence tests, usually assumed by regulatory offices. An example is introduced to illustrate the proposed methodology by comparing the usual univariate bioequivalence methods with multivariate bioequivalence. We also consider some usual existing discrimination Bayesian methods to choose the best model to be used in bioequivalence studies.