'What gets measured gets managed': revisiting the indicators for maternal and newborn health programmes.

BACKGROUND: The health of women and children are critical for global development. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) agenda and the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescent's Health 2016-2030 aim to reduce maternal and newborn deaths, disability, and enhancement of well-being. However, information and data on measuring countries' progress are limited given the variety of methodological challenges of measuring care around the time of birth, when most maternal and neonatal deaths and morbidities occur. MAIN BODY: In 2015, the World Health Organization launched Mother and Newborn Information for Tracking Outcomes and Results (MoNITOR), a technical advisory group to WHO. MoNITOR comprises 14 independent global experts from a variety of disciplines selected in a competitive process for their technical expertise and regional representation. MoNITOR will provide technical guidance to WHO to ensure harmonized guidance, messages, and tools so that countries can collect useful data to track progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. SHORT CONCLUSION: Ultimately, MoNITOR will provide technical guidance to WHO to ensure harmonized guidance, messages, and tools so that countries can collect useful data to track progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

Sustained AS160 and TBC1D1 phosphorylations in human skeletal muscle 30 min after a single bout of exercise.

BACKGROUND: phosphorylation of AS160 and TBC1D1 plays an important role for GLUT4 mobilization to the cell surface. The phosphorylation of AS160 and TBC1D1 in humans in response to acute exercise is not fully characterized. OBJECTIVE: to study AS160 and TBC1D1 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after aerobic exercise followed by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. DESIGN: eight healthy men were studied on two occasions: 1) in the resting state and 2) in the hours after a 1-h bout of ergometer cycling. A hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was initiated 240 min after exercise and in a time-matched nonexercised control condition. We obtained muscle biopsies 30 min after exercise and in a time-matched nonexercised control condition (t = 30) and after 30 min of insulin stimulation (t = 270) and investigated site-specific phosphorylation of AS160 and TBC1D1. RESULTS: phosphorylation on AS160 and TBC1D1 was increased 30 min after the exercise bout, whereas phosphorylation of the putative upstream kinases, Akt and AMPK, was unchanged compared with resting control condition. Exercise augmented insulin-stimulated phosphorylation on AS160 at Ser(341) and Ser(704) 270 min after exercise. No additional exercise effects were observed on insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Thr(642) and Ser(588) on AS160 or Ser(237) and Thr(596) on TBC1D1. CONCLUSIONS: AS160 and TBC1D1 phosphorylations were evident 30 min after exercise without simultaneously increased Akt and AMPK phosphorylation. Unlike TBC1D1, insulin-stimulated site-specific AS160 phosphorylation is modified by prior exercise, but these sites do not include Thr(642) and Ser(588). Together, these data provide new insights into phosphorylation of key regulators of glucose transport in human skeletal muscle.

Endurance training is feasible in severely disabled patients with progressive multiple sclerosis.

This study tested whether upper-body endurance training (ET) is feasible and can be performed at sufficient intensity to induce cardiovascular adaptations in severely disabled patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Eleven progressive MS patients (6.5 ≤ EDSS ≤ 8.0) scheduled for a four-week inpatient rehabilitation program were randomized to a control group (CON, n = 5) that received standard individualized MS rehabilitation or an intervention group (EXE, n = 6) that in addition received 10 sessions of predominantly upper-body ET. One patient dropped out of the EXE group (drop-out rate: 1/6~17%) and no adverse events were recorded. The EXE group completed on average 9.3±0.8 sessions (~96.0±5%). During the ET sessions an average heart rate of 93.9±9.3beats*min(-1) were sustained corresponding to 91.6±6.8% of the maximal pre-intervention heart rate. In the EXE group a trend toward a time*group interaction was seen for VO2peak (p = 0.06). ET is feasible in severely disabled patients with progressive MS and it can probably be performed at sufficient intensity to induce cardiovascular adaptations.

[Burns in children caused by camomile tea]. / Forbraendinger hos børn forårsaget af kamillete.

Two cases of serious burns in children resulting from accidents with camomile tea are reported. Inhalation of steam from camomile tea is a homely remedy for inflammation in the upper respiratory tract but meticulous care should be observed on account of the risk of burns.

[Injuries in children under school age. A two-year case-load of a casualty department involving children under 7 years of age]. / Skader hos børn før skolealderen. To års skadestuemateriale for børn under 7 år.

In order to contribute to current knowledge about injuries in pre-school children, the authors registered a material of 872 children under the age of seven years from a casualty department. 60% of these were boys. The annual incidence of 9% and the age distribution with the maximum for children aged 1-3 years both corresponded to the results of previous investigations. A steep increase in the sex difference could be demonstrated from the age of three years. This increase has not been described previously. The severity of the injuries was independent of the sex and the place of injury but depended upon the nature of the injury and the mechanism of the injury. Falls or jumps to lower levels were conspicuous by causing particularly many severe injuries. Children under the age of one year were particularly often injured by falls while children of one year constituted a high risk group for burns. These mechanisms of injury are obvious subjects for prophylactic measures.

[Injuries at day care centers and family day nurseries. A two-year case-load of a casualty department involving children under 7 years of age]. / Skader i daginstitutioner og hos dagplejemødre. To års skadestuemateriale for børn under 7 år.

With the object of demonstrating whether injuries in children cared for outside their homes differ from injuries in children as a whole, the authors registered a material of children in the age group 0-6 years from a casualty department. Ninety injuries which had occurred during care outside the home were compared with the remaining 782 injuries. An enormous increase in the proportion of injuries occurring in day care centres and in family day nurseries was observed in contrast to the findings in previous investigations. This can be explained by the increasing number of children cared for outside their homes. 1.7 times as many injuries as were registered were anticipated and it is concluded that care outside the home did not present increased risk for injuries in the children involved. Injuries were most frequent among four-year-olds. Injuries sustained by falls or jumping to lower levels were relatively frequent while injuries caused by crushing, biting, cutting or stabbing were relatively rare and burns were not registered at all.