Survey of the Adequacy of Brazilian Children and Adolescents to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines provide specific recommendations on movement behaviors for children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to verify the adequacy of children and adolescents to the guidelines for moderate to vigorous physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration, and the overall adequacy to the guidelines, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents or guardians of children or adolescents from different regions of Brazil using a digital interview form including sociodemographic characteristics of families, moderate to vigorous physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration before and during the pandemic. Statistically significant variation was observed in both groups in relation to moderate to vigorous physical activity and recreational screen time between the two periods evaluated. Overall adequacy to the guidelines before the pandemic was 19.28% for children from Group 1 (0-5 years old) and 39.50% for those from Group 2 (6 to 17 years old). During the pandemic, it corresponded to 3.58% in Group 1 and 4.94% in Group 2 (p-value between periods ≤0.001). This study showed the significant impact of pandemic restrictions on reducing overall compliance and physical activity, and increasing screen time among Brazilian children and adolescents.

Avaliação da função visual de crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus Zika / Assessment of visual function in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome

[{"text": "Introdução: Crianças com síndrome congênita do zika (SCZ) apresentam comprometimento importante da função visual. A avaliação da acuidade visual é desafiadora, uma vez que o acesso a esses exames e a profissionais especializados no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é limitado. Objetivo: Avaliar a função visual de crianças com SCZ. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal de série de casos de crianças com SCZ, entre 1 - 3 anos. Foi aferida a capacidade de discriminar detalhes através do Bradford Visual Function Box (BVFB) e classificadas: grau 1- percepção de conta de 7mm entre 40-50cm de distância; grau 2 - objetos entre 7-60mm entre 20-40 cm; grau 3 - objetos de 7-120mm a 20cm e as que não tiverem percepção de objetos às distâncias apresentadas. Analisou-se a associação entre grau de função visual com os achados anatômicos oculares, do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e trimestre de exposição à infecção; com a Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS) e se a percepção dos cuidadores acerca da função visual era compatível com a aferida. Os resultados de sensibilidade ao contraste, oftalmoscopia indireta, ultrassonografia transfontanela, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética cerebral e do GMFCS foram coletados a partir de formulários padronizados. Resultados: Avaliadas 63 crianças (

Visual function in infants with antenatal Zika virus exposure.

PURPOSE: To report the findings of a cross-sectional study of visual function in infants with confirmed or suspected antenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection seen at a single referral center in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: Infants were examined following the ZIKV outbreak period at Instituto Fernandes Figueira/FIOCRUZ. Visual function was considered abnormal if an infant could not fix and follow a standardized high-contrast target (10 cm) by 3-6 months of age. Visual function and associations with structural eye abnormalities, central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, microcephaly, and nystagmus were assessed. Sensitivity and specificity of screening criteria for structural eye abnormalities was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 173 infants met inclusion criteria. Abnormal visual function was found in 52 infants (30.0%) and was significantly associated with eye abnormalities (40/52; OR = 44.2; 95% CI, 16.6-117.6), CNS abnormalities (50/52; OR = 64.0; 95% CI, 14.7-277.6), microcephaly (44/52; OR = 31.5; 95% CI, 12.7-77.8), and nystagmus (26/52; OR = 120.0; 95% CI, 15.6-924.5). Using microcephaly as screening criteria for the detection of eye abnormalities provided a sensitivity of 88.9% (95% CI, 76.0-96.3) and specificity of 82.8% (95% CI, 75.1-88.9). Using both abnormal visual function and microcephaly increased sensitivity to 100% (95% CI, 92.1-100.0) and decreased specificity to 80.5% (95% CI, 72.5-86.9). CONCLUSIONS: Infants with suspected antenatal ZIKV infection and reduced visual function should be referred to an ophthalmologist. Visual function assessments are helpful in screening for antenatal ZIKV exposure in resource-limited settings and can identify infants who may benefit from visual habilitation.