[Analyzing the epidemic situation due to tuberculosis and ways of optimization of its control in the penitentiary facilities of the Ulyanovsk Region]. / Analiz épidemicheskoi situatsii po tuberkulezu i puti optimizatsii bor'by s nim v penitentsiarnykh uchrezhdeniiakh Ul'ianovskoi oblasti.

The dynamics of epidemic parameters and the specific features of development of tuberculosis were analyzed in prisoners in 1989-2001. It was ascertained that 98.7% of them were infected with tuberculosis and most of them belonged to a tuberculosis high-risk group. In 67.5% of those who had fallen ill, the process was detected within the first 3 years of their confinement. A scheme of interaction of main propulsive forces of an epidemic process in tuberculosis (exogenous and endogenous infections and risk factors) is presented. It has been found that surveys for tuberculosis are not a deterrent for a rise in the incidence rates due to endogenous infection. The use of factorial analysis and systems approach in the epidemiology of tuberculosis has explained some regularities in the development of an epidemic process, revealed reasons for the aggravated tuberculosis situation in penitentiary institutions, and considered prospects for its improvement.

[Characteristics of tuberculosis epidemiology in the Ulianovsk district]. / Osobennosti épidemiologii tuberkuleza v Ul'ianovskoi oblasti.

Tuberculosis control has led to the attenuation of the exogenous infection and increased the role of endogenous infection in the formation of tuberculosis morbidity among the population of the region. A decrease in the effectiveness of antituberculosis measures is associated with the difficulties encountered in the control of exogenous infection whose main source is accumulated in socially unfavourable population groups, rise of the role of endogenous infection and risk factors, capacity of an epidemic process to adjust to the level of the organization of antituberculosis measures with the result that the relative equilibrium can arise in the tuberculosis-antituberculosis measures system.

[Variants in the course of tuberculosis and its epidemiology]. / Varianty techeniia tuberkuleza i ego épidemiologii.

The pattern of the tuberculosis incidence in the residents of Ulyanovsk for the period from 1954 to 1987 and the ratio of the exudative and productive types of the tuberculosis process were investigated. In the pattern of the disease incidence observed by 1988 the patients with the exudative and productive types of the process amounted to 61.3 and 38.7 per cent, respectively. The first type was characterized by infiltrative forms (85 per cent) and the second type was characterized by focal forms (76.4 per cent). The differences in the character of the process led to rapid detection of patients with the first type process as well as to increasing numbers of persons with the second type process among the population which manifested itself during mass examinations in the increased proportion of the focal forms in the incidence of tuberculosis followed by their lower frequency.