[Tetany secondary to deficiency rickets]. / Tetania secundaria a raquitismo carencial.

Hypocalcemia is an uncommon illness in children. In developed countries the incidence of rickets has decreased significantly, although last years this pathology is increasing at the expense of immigration. Its etiology is due to different factors such as low sun exposure, inadequate clothing and bad feeding and excessive contributions in phytates, exclusive breastfeeding and genetic factors. We report a case of a teenager 13 year old from Pakistan, who consulted for myoclonus, paresthesias, hand midwife and asymmetry walking. The laboratory emphasizes hypocalcemia deficit of 25 (OH) D and increased parathyroid hormone. Administration of calcium and vitamin D along with changes in his diet normalized clinical and laboratory parameters. Due to increased migration, the lack of sun exposure and inadequate supply this disease which was almost forgotten will appear another time.

Tetania secundaria a raquitismo carencial / Tetany secondary to deficiency rickets

La hipocalcemia es un proceso infrecuente en la edad pediátrica. En países desarrollados la incidencia de raquitismo ha disminuido de manera espectacular, aunque en los últimos años existe un resurgimiento dependiente prácticamente del fenómeno migratorio. Su etiología se debe a diferentes factores como son escasa exposición solar, inadecuada indumentaria y alimentación con pocos aportes lácteos y excesivos en fitatos, lactancia materna exclusiva y factores genéticos. Se presenta un caso clínico de un adolescente de 13 años de origen Pakistaní, q consultó por mioclonias, parestesias, mano en comadrona y asimetría en la marcha. En la analítica destaca hipocalcemia, déficit de 25(OH) D y aumento de paratohormona. La administración de calcio y vitamina D junto a la modificación de su dieta normalizaron los parámetros analíticos y la clínica. Debido al incremento de la migración, a la escasez de exposición solar e inadecuada alimentación esta enfermedad casi olvidada volverá a verse (AU)

Hypocalcemia is an uncommon illness in children. In developed countries the incidence of rickets has decreased significantly, although last years this patology is increasing at the expense of inmigration. Its etiology is due to different factors such as low sun exposure, inadequate clothing and bad feeding and excessive contributions in phytates, exclusive breastfeeding and genetic factors. We report a case of a teenager 13 year old from Pakistan, who consulted for myoclonus, paresthesias, hand midwife and asymmetry walking. The laboratory emphasizes hypocalcemia deficit of 25 (OH) D and increased parathyroid hormone. Administration of calcium and vitamin D along with changes in his diet normalized clinical and laboratory parameters. Due to increased migration, the lack of sun exposure and inadequate supply this disease which was almost forgotten will appear another time (AU)

Prevalence and factors linked to atopic eczema in 10- and 11-year-old schoolchildren. Isaac 2 in Almeria, Spain

Background: Atopic eczema affects 5-10% of the Spanish paediatric population, and has increased in frequency over the last few decades, probably due to changes in the environment and lifestyle. Phase II of the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) uses a standardised methodology to establish the prevalence of allergic disorders and factors linked to them in each centre. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and severity of atopic eczema, and to establish factors linked to atopic eczema in 10–11 year-old school children in the city of Almeria (South-East coast of Spain). Material and methods: An ecological study was carried out as part of ISAAC II, using homologated questionnaires and allergic tests in 1143 schoolchildren. Statistic association was assessed by means of ÷2 test, and then logistic regression analysis was performed with the most significant variables from the univariant analysis. Results: The prevalence of atopic eczema was 11.4%. The risk factors found in the multiple logistic regression analysis were: personal antecedents of severe asthma (OR 19 CI 95% 1.35–266) and severe rhinitis (OR 7.7 CI 95% 1.79–33), fungi in bedroom during the first year of life (OR 4.2 CI 95% 1.17–15.1) and atopic eczema in one parent (OR 5.2 CI 95% 2.69–10.1). Conclusions: The prevalence of atopic eczema is similar to that found in other studies within ISAAC Phase I. The most important risk factors for atopic eczema are family and personal history of other atopic diseases and the presence of fungi in the home

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Prevalence and factors linked to allergic rhinitis in 10 and 11-year-old children in Almería. Isaac Phase II, Spain

Background: Allergic rhinitis affects 10-30% of children in developed countries and has increased in frequency over the last few decades, probably due to changes in the environment and life style. Aim: To assess the prevalence, severity, and factors linked to rhinitis in 10 and 11-year-old children from Almeria (Spain). Methods: As part of ISAAC II, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among a representative sample of 1143 schoolchildren in spring and autumn of 2001, using homologated questionnaires and skin-prick testing. Results: The overall prevalence of rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis were 38.9% and 24.8%, respectively, 17.9% had medically diagnosed rhinitis. During the previous year symptoms disturbed daily activities and school attendance in some measure in 40% and 26% of children with rhinitis, respectively. Results: The risk factors found in the multiple logistic regression analysis were atopy (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.92–3.42); cat contact at home during first year of life (OR 2.4 95% CI 1.13–5.12); prior medical diagnosis of asthma (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.22–4.02); nocturnal cough in absence of colds (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.25–2.97); diagnosis of rhinitis in one of the parents (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.31–2.59); wheezing at any time (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.18–2.28); and nursery school attendance (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.21–2.5). Conclusions: The prevalence of rhinitis found is superior to that of other centres participating in the ISAAC Phases I and II, and coexists with asthma and eczema in many children. The independent risk factors associated to rhinitis are in accordance with previous reports

Prevalence and factors linked to allergic rhinitis in 10 and 11-year-old children in Almería. Isaac Phase II, Spain.

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis affects 10-30% of children in developed countries and has increased in frequency over the last few decades, probably due to changes in the environment and life style. AIM: To assess the prevalence, severity, and factors linked to rhinitis in 10 and 11-year-old children from Almeria (Spain). METHODS: As part of ISAAC II, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among a representative sample of 1143 schoolchildren in spring and autumn of 2001, using homologated questionnaires and skin-prick testing. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis were 38.9% and 24.8%, respectively, 17.9% had medically diagnosed rhinitis. During the previous year symptoms disturbed daily activities and school attendance in some measure in 40% and 26% of children with rhinitis, respectively. The risk factors found in the multiple logistic regression analysis were atopy (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.92-3.42); cat contact at home during first year of life (OR 2.4 95% CI 1.13-5.12); prior medical diagnosis of asthma (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.22-4.02); nocturnal cough in absence of colds (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.25-2.97); diagnosis of rhinitis in one of the parents (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.31-2.59); wheezing at any time (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.18-2.28); and nursery school attendance (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.21-2.5). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of rhinitis found is superior to that of other centres participating in the ISAAC Phases I and II, and coexists with asthma and eczema in many children. The independent risk factors associated to rhinitis are in accordance with previous reports.

Prevalence and factors linked to atopic eczema in 10- and 11-year-old schoolchildren. Isaac 2 in Almeria, Spain.

BACKGROUND: Atopic eczema affects 5-10% of the Spanish paediatric population, and has increased in frequency over the last few decades, probably due to changes in the environment and lifestyle. Phase II of the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) uses a standardised methodology to establish the prevalence of allergic disorders and factors linked to them in each centre. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and severity of atopic eczema, and to establish factors linked to atopic eczema in 10-11 year-old school children in the city of Almeria (South-East coast of Spain). MATERIAL AND METHODS: An ecological study was carried out as part of ISAAC II, using homologated questionnaires and allergic tests in 1143 schoolchildren. Statistic association was assessed by means of chi(2) test, and then logistic regression analysis was performed with the most significant variables from the univariant analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of atopic eczema was 11.4%. The risk factors found in the multiple logistic regression analysis were: personal antecedents of severe asthma (OR 19 CI 95% 1.35-266) and severe rhinitis (OR 7.7 CI 95% 1.79-33), fungi in bedroom during the first year of life (OR 4.2 CI 95% 1.17-15.1) and atopic eczema in one parent (OR 5.2 CI 95% 2.69-10.1). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of atopic eczema is similar to that found in other studies within ISAAC Phase I. The most important risk factors for atopic eczema are family and personal history of other atopic diseases and the presence of fungi in the home.

Prevalence and factors linked to atopy in 10-and 11-year-old children in Almería, Spain

Background During the last decades there has been an increase in both allergic diseases and allergic sensitisation, probably due to changes in the environment and living habits. ISAAC Phase II was designed to establish the prevalence and associated factors to asthma and allergic disorders in childhood. Aim To assess the prevalence and factors linked to atopy in 10–11 year-old children from Almería (Spain). Methods As a part of ISAAC II, a survey was conducted among a sample of 1143 schoolchildren using standardised questionnaires and skin-prick testing. Results The overall prevalence of atopy was 42.5%. Most common sensitisations were to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (36.2%), D. farinae (32.3%), cat (10.8%), Alternaria (7%), grass (6%), and tree pollen (1.7%). 34.9% of these sensitisations could be regarded as subclinical sensitisations. The fractions of asthma, rhinitis and eczema attributable to atopy were 49.2%, 40.4% y 18.6%, respectively. After multivariate analysis, the risk of atopy was significantly lower among females (OR 0.62, CI 95% 0.45-0.86); children with older siblings (OR 0.67; CI 95% 0.49-0.92); intestinal parasites (OR 0.68; CI 95% 0.48-0.97); contact with farm animals in the past (OR 0.48 CI 95% 0.23-0.99); or other animals at present (OR 0.53 CI 95% 0.30-0.95). To have an allergic father (OR 2.96 CI 95% 1.77-4.94) was the only significant risk factor. Conclusions We found several independent factors which significantly protect against atopic sensitisation. These protective factors were not the same for asthma, rhinitis or eczema, suggesting that other factors could interact to influence atopy and act against such protective factors

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Prevalence and factors linked to atopy in 10-and 11-year-old children in Almería, Spain.

BACKGROUND: During the last decades there has been an increase in both allergic diseases and allergic sensitisation, probably due to changes in the environment and living habits. ISAAC Phase II was designed to establish the prevalence and associated factors to asthma and allergic disorders in childhood. AIM: To assess the prevalence and factors linked to atopy in 10-11 year-old children from Almería (Spain). METHODS: As a part of ISAAC II, a survey was conducted among a sample of 1143 schoolchildren using standardised questionnaires and skin-prick testing. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of atopy was 42.5%. Most common sensitisations were to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (36.2%), D. farinae (32.3%), cat (10.8%), Alternaria (7%), grass (6%), and tree pollen (1.7%). 34.9% of these sensitisations could be regarded as subclinical sensitisations. The fractions of asthma, rhinitis and eczema attributable to atopy were 49.2%, 40.4% y 18.6%, respectively. After multivariate analysis, the risk of atopy was significantly lower among females (OR 0.62, CI 95% 0.45-0.86); children with older siblings (OR 0.67; CI 95% 0.49-0.92); intestinal parasites (OR 0.68; CI 95% 0.48-0.97); contact with farm animals in the past (OR 0.48 CI 95% 0.23-0.99); or other animals at present (OR 0.53 CI 95% 0.30-0.95). To have an allergic father (OR 2.96 CI 95% 1.77-4.94) was the only significant risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We found several independent factors which significantly protect against atopic sensitisation. These protective factors were not the same for asthma, rhinitis or eczema, suggesting that other factors could interact to influence atopy and act against such protective factors.