RESUMO
The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) causes the foliar disease tan spot in both bread wheat and durum wheat. Wheat lines carrying the tan spot susceptibility gene Tsc1 are sensitive to the Ptr-produced necrotrophic effector (NE) Ptr ToxC. A compatible interaction results in leaf chlorosis, reducing yield by decreasing the photosynthetic area of leaves. Developing genetically resistant cultivars will effectively reduce disease incidence. Toward that goal, the production of chlorosis in response to inoculation with Ptr ToxC-producing isolates was mapped in two low-resolution biparental populations derived from LMPG-6 × PI 626573 (LP) and Louise × Penawawa (LouPen). In total, 58 genetic markers were developed and mapped, delineating the Tsc1 candidate gene region to a 1.4 centiMorgan (cM) genetic interval spanning 184 kb on the short arm of chromosome 1A. A total of nine candidate genes were identified in the Chinese Spring reference genome, seven with protein domains characteristic of resistance genes. Mapping of the chlorotic phenotype, development of genetic markers, both for genetic mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS), and the identification of Tsc1 candidate genes provide a foundation for map-based cloning of Tsc1.
RESUMO
Crop domestication occurred ~10,000-12,000 years ago when humans shifted from a hunter-gatherer to an agrarian society. Crops were domesticated by selecting the traits in wild plant species that were suitable for human use. Research is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms and processes involved in modern crop improvement and breeding. Recent advances in genomics have revolutionized our understanding of crop domestication. In this review, we summarized cutting-edge crop domestication research by presenting its (1) methodologies, (2) current status, (3) applications, and (4) perspectives. Advanced genomics approaches have clarified crop domestication processes and mechanisms, and supported crop improvement.
