Hematological and toxicogenomic effects of ferromagnetic screening of natural electromagnetic fields.

Aftereffects of ferromagnetic screening on the hematological and toxicogenomic parameters in rats were traced over 45 days. Two-day ferromagnetic screening of male and female rats (reducing permanent constituent of magnetic field induction by 4-10 µT) led to leukopenia observed on day 14 of the experiment. Life-time evaluation of the toxicogenomic effects was carried out by rapid method for measurement of blood nucleotide DNA by fluorescent indication. In male blood leukocytes, increased aneuploidy and polyploidy were observed after 48 h of ferromagnetic screening and remained high on days 12 and 28 after screen removal. In contrast to males, leukocyte apoptosis in females was increased only 48 h after the start of ferromagnetic screening.

[The influence of ferromagnetic screening from natural electromagnetic fields on the hematological and toxicogenomic indexes in animals].

The aim of the study was to reveal during 45 days consequences of ferromagnetic screening (FS) on the hematological and toxicogenomic indexes in rats. An express-method of nucleiod DNA content in blood by help fluorescent indication was used for alive quantitative evaluation of the toxicogenomic effects. The FS for both gender rats during 48 hrs resulted in both decreased magnetic field by 4-10 microT1 and leucopenia by 14 day of experiment. The aneu-/polyploidy index in male leucocytes was increased by 48 hr of FS and lasted out to 12-28 days after the screen removal. The leukocyte apoptosis was enhanced in female in 48 hrs only after the FS start.

The cytogenetic investigation on peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with thyroid cancer.

The cytogenetic investigation of a patient with follicular cancer in the left lobe of the thyroid gland was made. The study was carried out on blood lymphocytes as described earlier (1) before and after hemithyroidectomy and in different terms during the therapeutic treatment. The great number of cells with polyploid and hyperaneuploid (13% and 5% correspondingly) were revealed in the patient on the day before the operation and confirmed malignant character of the tumour, which was confirmed histologically. It is believed that cytogenetic markers as trisomies 4-th chromosome or/and X chromosome, detected in hyperaneuploids cells before the beginning of a treatment, might be specific markers for follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). The cytogenetic examination of the patient, carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes in dynamics, allowed to observe changes of background chromosomal breaches under influence of surgical and therapeutic treatment and to estimate their efficiency.

Medico-genetic and cytogenetic investigation in family with high predisposition to diffuse intestine polyposis.

We revealed a family consisting of 25 persons which displayed high predisposition to malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT): rectal cancer (RC) was diagnosed in 2 patients, large intestine malignant polyposis (LIMP) in 1 patient, large intestine diffuse polyposis (LIDP) in 3 and uterus fibromyoma in 1 patient. Six members of the family were examined cytogenetically with the methaphase method on blood lymphocytes following G-banding of chromosomes. In 2 patients with LIDP was detected 8.7 and 16.7% of hyperaneuploid cells, respectively, and 20% of cells with double minute chromosomes (DMS) were detected in 1 LIDP patient. We suppose, that LIDP development in members of the family is related to the significant increase of proportion of hyperaneuploid and DMS-containing cells.

[Clinical and cytogenetic investigation of a family with high predisposition for intestinal polyps]. / Mediko-geneticheskoe i tsitogeneticheskoe issledovanie sem'i s vysokoi predraspolozhennost'iu k polipozu kishechnika.

A medico-genetic investigation of a family, consisting of 25 members, revealed high predisposition to malignant pathology of the gastrointestinal tract: rectal cancer was diagnosed in 2, malignant polyposis of the large intestine--1, diffuse polyposis of the large intestine (DPLI)--3, and uterine fibromyoma--in 1 patient. Six members underwent a cytogenetic examination using the metaphase method for peripheral blood lymphocytes and G-banding of chromosomes. Two patients with DPLI carried 8.7 and 16.7% of hyperaneuploid cells and one--20% of cells with double minute chromosomes (DMS). It is suggested that formation and subsequent significant increase in hyperaneuploid and DMS cells could have been responsible for DPLI development in the family.

[Cloning of amplified nucleotide sequences of DNA in a patient from a high-risk stomach cancer family]. / Klonirovanie amplifitsirovannykh nukleotidnykh posledovatel'nostei DNK chlena sem'i s vysokim riskom vozniknoveniia raka zheludka.

An abnormally long shorter shoulder of chromosome 21 was identified in 3 out of 4 members of a family at high risk for gastric cancer. We attempted to clone the amplified fragments of DNA of one of the family members who had the same chromosomal marker. This was done after the amplified sequences were enriched by re-association in phenolic emulsion, and 52 clones were obtained. All inserts were separated and each was hybridized on filters containing Hind III DNA of patient O.L. and that of a healthy donor. Hybridization with the genome DNAs of patient O.L. and the donor failed to go through in 9 inserts. Hybridization with all genomic DNAs went through in 34 inserts. Hybrids with one or several Hind III fragments of DNAs of O.L. and the donor were formed in 9 inserts. The size of fragments with varying molecular weight in inserts 6, 9, 11, 30, 39, 43 and 44 identified in the DNA of patient O.L. was 3-10 times that in the DNA of the donor. The differences in the molecular weight and size of the detected bends seem to indicate that we succeeded in cloning at least several different amplified fragments of the genome of the patient.

Medico-genetic and cytogenetic study of a family with high predisposition to malignant disease in gastro-intestinal tract.

In a family consisting of 48 persons with high predisposition to familial stomach cancer (SCr), SCr was diagnosed in 8 persons (I-2; II-1,3,4; III-1,2,3,4). Moreover, one woman (III-8) had bilateral breast cancer and two (proband: IV-1 and her father's cousin: III-10) chronic gastritis. The proband, her father's cousin, his sister (III-11) and the proband's sister (IV-2) were examined clinically and cytogenetically (with the metaphase method on blood lymphocytes with G-banding of chromosome 21: (p12-pter) in 100% of cells on the basis of chromosomal instability; besides, the complex translocation in chromosome 2 in 4% of cells and the increase of q-arm of chromosome 21 was found in 2% of cells. The proband's sister (IV-2) had 3% of cells with polyploidy, the del 1 (p34-pter) in 1% of cells and the del 7 (p21-pter) in 4% of cells. The cytogenetic examination of the proband's uncle (III-10), carried out 3 times, revealed the case of the proband, endomitosis in 2% of cells, polyploidy in 2% of cells and hyperaneuploidy in 4% of cells. His sister (III-11) had 4% of cells with endomitosis, 3% of cells with chromosome and chromatid breaches, an increase of the p-arm of chromosome 21 in 100% of cells and the loss of 7p in 2% of cells. The nature of the phenomenon in chromosome 21 and the translocations in the members of this family is here discussed. The cytogenetic examination is currently ongoing.

[Cytogenetic markers in blood lymphocytes from members of a family with high predisposition to breast cancer]. / Tsitogeneticheskie markery limfotsitov krovi u chlenov sem'i s vysokoi predraspolozhennostiiu k raku molochnoi zhelezy.

A medico-genealogical study was concerned with a line consisting of 38 members. Four of 18 women had breast cancer (BrCr) and one-leukemia. BrCr was diagnosed in the 1st generation in the proband's grandmother (1-2) at the age of 40 and in the 3rd generation: in the proband (III-8) at the age of 43 and in two of her sisters at the age of 44 (III-2) and 48 (III-10), respectively. Breast tumors appeared in the 3rd generation patients approximately at the same age. A cytogenetic study of venous blood lymphocyte metaphases using G-banding of chromosomes revealed homogeneously-stained regions in 100% of cells in the proband's chromosome I: (q11-q12). In the proband's asymptomatic daughter (IV-9), pronounced chromosomal instability (ruptures in chromosomes and chromatids in 50% of cells) was observed. Also, single and multiple double minutes were detected in 10% of cells, while marker 14(p12-pter)-in 100%. This marker was also identified in 100% of lymphocytes taken from the asymptomatic daughter (IV-11) of the proband's sister (III-10). The nature and significance of cytogenetic markers detected in blood lymphocytes of the proband and said siblings are discussed. Heritability of said cytogenetic markers pointing to predisposition to cancer development (of BrCr in said family) is suggested.

[Cytogenetic and medical genetic research on families with a high predisposition for the development of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe i mediko-geneticheskoe issledovanie v sem'iakh s vysokoi predraspolozhennost'iu k razvitiiu raka zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta.

Three families suspected of predisposition to tumor development in the gastrointestinal tract have been followed in a medico- and cytogenetical study. According to genealogical analysis, cancer predisposition was confirmed in one family only. However, both specific and non-specific signs of genome instability and possible malignant transformation of cells were identified in members of the other two families.

[Chromosomal restructurings and the distribution of chromosome fragile sites in the peripheral blood lymphocytes in a breast cancer patient after cytostatic therapy]. / Khromosomnye perestroiki i raspredelenie saitov lomkosti khromosom v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi bol'noi rakom molochnoi zhelezy posle tsitostaticheskoi terapii.

Cytogenetic analysis was performed repeatedly on a breast cancer patient since the beginning of the antitumor treatment. Double minute chromosomes (DMS, 2-10 per cell) were found in less than 2% of peripheral blood lymphocytes besides other chromosomal abnormalities after radiation therapy and 8 months after chemotherapy. The level of structural chromosomal aberrations two years after the therapeutic treatment was 0.13-0.14 aberrations per cell, but DMS were not observed. Estimation of the fragile site (FS) frequency and distribution at this time revealed a significant expression of the common FS FRAGF (9q1.2) after the treatment of blood culture with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine at dose levels of 7 and 50 g/l and enhanced fragility in chromosome band 1p35-36.1 (FRA1A) in folate-deprived conditions. Rare FS were not found. The presented data are discussed.

[The cytogenetic and hematotoxic effect of cesium-137 incorporated in the rat body]. / Tsitogeneticheskii i gemotoksicheskii éffekt tseziia-137, inkorporirovannogo v organizme krys.

The influence of incorporated 137Cs on peripheral blood cells was studied at different times after a single per os administration to rats. Moderate lymphopenia occurred in 26 days. A 30-70% increase in the number of aberrant lymphocytes was revealed throughout the entire period of observation (up to 547 days). Rats are suggested to develop a pronounced immune depression and chronic radiation sickness.

[The mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of sulfur-35]. / Issledovanie mutagennogo i kantserogennogo éffektov sery-35.

In experiments with metaphase plates from blood lymphocytes, conducted during rats' lifetime, a study was made of the mutagenic effect of 35S. Various tumors were diagnosed in the experimental animals after their death. The competitive analysis of the number of stable cytogenetic changes in lymphocytes of the experimental animals at the remote times and tumor occurrence has revealed a highly positive correlation between these indices. Both effects were severest at the highest absorbed 35S dose of less than 10 cGy.

[Chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats in nitrosomethylurea-induced carcinogenesis]. / Khromosomnye narusheniia v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi krys pri kantserogeneze, indutsirovannom nitrozometilmochevinoi.

Chromosomal damages and their dynamics in blood lymphocytes of mongrel white L10 rats treated (once) intravenously with nitrosomethyl urea (NMU) at a dose of 50 mg/kg have been analyzed. A direct correlation is revealed between carcinogenesis, chromosome aberration level in somatic cells, polyploid and hyperaneuploid cell frequency 24 hs after the NMU treatment and in the precancerous period. An increase of hyperaneuploid and polyploid cells in the organism can serve as a prognostic factor of carcinogenesis.

[Cytogenetic research on the blood lymphocytes of rats exposed separately and jointly to 45Ca and 131I]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe issledovanie limfotsitov krovi krys pri razdel'nom i sochetannom deistvii 45Ca i 131I.

A cytogenetic study was made of rat blood lymphocytes affected by incorporated 45Ca and 131I delivered separately and in a combination. The cytogenetic effect of a combination of the incorporated radionuclides was lower than that produced by 45Ca alone and, all the more so, lower than the additive effect of 45Ca and 131I.

[Cytogenetic and blastomogenic effects of 45Ca and 131I administered to rats]. / Tsitogeneticheskii i blastomogennyi éffekt 45Ca i 131I pri vvedenii ikh krysam.

The cytogenetic research of the mutagenic action of 45Ca, 131I and 45Ca and 131I simultaneously after a single introduction into the stomach was carried out on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats. Tumours of different localization were diagnosed in these animals. Positive correlation between mutagenic and carcinogenic effects is shown (r = 0.93, the relation degree of these signs is found to be 87% at P less than 0.001). An assumption is advanced that the quantity and the quality of the stable cytogenic disturbances in somatic cells (blood lymphocytes) may have diagnostic and prognostic significance under the effect of radionuclides.

[The level of aberrant lymphocytes in the blood of rats and duration of survival after radionuclide incorporation]. / Uroven' aberrantnykh limfotsitov v krovi krys i prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni zhivotnykh posle inkorporirovaniia radionuklidov.

There is a positive correlation between the number of aberrant lymphocytes in the experimental rat blood, 24 h following the administration of 45Ca, 131I, 131I together with 90Sr, and 45Ca together with 137Cs, and the life span of exposed animals. It is suggested that the cytogenetic index should be used in the prognosis of the radionuclide-induced life span shortening.

[Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in the chromosomes of the blood lymphocytes of rats after iodine-131 incorporation into the body]. / Khromosomnye aberratsii i sestrinskie khromatidnye obmeny v khromosomakh limfotsitov krovi krys posle inkorporirovaniia v organizme ioda-131.

Mutagenic effect of iodine-131 was studied in vivo by the analysis of chromosome aberrations (Chr.A.) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes in white rats. Incorporated iodine-131 induced Chr.A. and increased the SCE frequency. A great quantity of the former was preserved for a long period of time after a single introduction of iodine-131 into the body of rats, the latter being increased with reducing dose rate and decreasing the number of Chr.A.