Ganglion cell complex changes in wet AMD patients treated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections according to a treat-and-extend protocol.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze changes in ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients receiving intravitreal injections. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study involving 46 eyes at a single tertiary ophthalmology practice. PARTICIPANTS: The injection group consisted of wet AMD patients who received intravitreal injections for at least 3 years following a treat-and-extend protocol. Twenty-two patients received ranibizumab, and 1 patient received aflibercept. The control group consisted of dry AMD patients who were observed only and did not receive medical treatment over the same period. GCC thickness and visual acuity were recorded at baseline and at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up visits. RESULTS: In the injection group, there was a nonsignificant trend toward reduction in GCC thickness over 3 years (-4.09 ± 8.47 µm; p = 0.09). Within the injection group, correlation analysis between the number of intravitreal injections and GCC thickness was nonsignificant but trended toward a direct relationship, with more injections correlated with a relatively thicker GCC at 3 years. There was no significant change in GCC thickness between baseline and year 3 for the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that that there is no significant GCC thinning in wet AMD patients following a treat-and-extend regimen over 3 years.

Combined Low-Dose Isotretinoin and Pulsed Dye Laser Versus standard-Dose Isotretinoin in the Treatment of Inflammatory Acne.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acne is a widespread disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Isotretinoin is the background treatment of cases of severe acne. Side effects associated with the standard 0.5-1 mg/kg/day dose decrease patient compliance. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) was proved effective in the management of inflammatory acne. The focus was to evaluate the efficacy of combining low-dose isotretinoin (0.25 mg/kg/day) with PDL in comparison with the standard higher-dose isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/day) as monotherapy for the management of acne vulgaris. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current prospective randomized comparative study included 46 acne patients, who were randomly divided into two groups. The first (ISO/PDL group) was treated with oral isotretinoin (0.25 mg/kg/day) and five sessions of PDL. The second (ISO group) was treated with oral isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/day). The physician's clinical assessment was done by three blinded dermatologists using quartile scale score and erythema score at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months and global acne grading system (GAGS) at baseline and 6 months. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI). RESULTS: Both groups showed a significant improvement in all assessed parameters compared with baseline at 3 and 6 months. Comparing both groups together, the ISO/PDL group showed a statistically significantly greater improvement regarding all parameters at both assessment times. Regarding adverse events, six patients (26%) suffered from flare in the ISO group versus none in the combined group. Dryness was encountered in 20 patients (86%) in the ISO group versus five patients (21%) in the other group. The ISO/PDL group received significantly less cumulative isotretinoin dosage (48.7 ± 5.7 mg/kg) in comparison to the ISO group (100.4 ± 3.1 mg/kg) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study offers a new collaboration between two well-studied and established treatment modalities leading to a harmony of therapeutic synergism while minimizing the risk of side effects. Longer periods of follow-up are recommended to diagnose any relapses and modify the proposed protocol. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Rehabilitation of lost functional vision with the Argus II retinal prosthesis.

The Argus II retinal prosthesis is the first commercially available device for restoration of vision in patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa or with similar retinal pathology who still have minimal residual native vision. The technology is able to restore vision with production of artificial visual percepts which usually are given adequate useful interpretation by the visual system in most implanted patients. The technology usually produces visual perception at the level of shape identification or better in some cases enabling in many less dependence on vision substitution devices and skills. There is no consensus among vision rehabilitation practitioners on single methods for assessments, outcome measures and training, yet there is constant progress in these areas of concern. Hence the current vision rehabilitation practice related to the implantation of the Argus II retinal prosthesis is a work in progress with many learning opportunities for all involved. All agree that implementation of this technology in clinical practice requires the combined work of a multi-disciplinary team which includes a specialized surgical team as well as a specialized rehabilitation team in order to obtain optimal results. Our own experience is presented in this paper and indicates so far that the Argus II technology is beneficial to patients and that it could be successfully managed within the Canadian heath care system.

The Toronto experience with the Argus II retinal prosthesis: new technology, new hope for patients.

Surgical restoration of vision with retinal prostheses is a new and developing technology currently available in a select group of countries, Canada among them. The Argus II retinal prosthesis is the first commercially available device for restoration of vision in patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa or with similar retinal pathology who still have minimal residual native vision. The surgery is complex and requires training however it is within the abilities of any experienced retina surgeon. Surgical experience builds up with each case and in our patients length of surgery constantly went down. Complications occurred however we experienced no catastrophic events. Most notable is that in our implanted cases the Argus II technology proved to be beneficial to most patients. In order to obtain optimal results with this surgical intervention it is absolutely required that the surgical work is complemented simultaneously with the work of a specialized rehabilitation team. A review of the technology, of our experience, comments and concerns is presented in this paper.