RESUMO
Aspergillus fumigatus is an important medical pathogen that lacks a known sexual cycle. Transposons may provide an important mechanism for the generation of genetic diversity in this organism. Here, we describe Taf1, the first class II transposon to be identified in A. fumigatus. Taf1, a member of the mariner superfamily and pogo family of transposons, is distinguished by the presence of extremely long (89 bp) inverted repeats that flank the transposase coding sequence. Taf1 is present in different locations and copy number among clinical strains of A. fumigatus and is transcribed. Analysis of multiple insertion sequences within a single strain suggests that Taf1 elements undergo inactivation by a repeat induced polymorphism-like mechanism. Taf1 insertion patterns were extremely stable despite multiple stressors including heat shock, serial passage, and infection in mice. Thus Taf1 may be useful for strain identification and molecular typing.
Assuntos
Aspergillus fumigatus/classificação , Aspergillus fumigatus/genética , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis/genética , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis/fisiologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Aspergilose/microbiologia , Aspergilose/fisiopatologia , Aspergillus fumigatus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aspergillus fumigatus/patogenicidade , Meios de Cultura , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Polimorfismo Genético , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Transcrição Gênica , Transposases/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Methamphetamine exposure is associated with long-lasting reductions in markers for dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models and probably in humans. Quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to characterize abnormalities in brain function in a number of disorders, including cocaine dependence, but this technique has not been used to characterize abnormalities associated with methamphetamine dependence. METHODS: The sample included 11 methamphetamine dependent subjects and 11 non-drug using volunteers. Methamphetamine dependent subjects were hospitalized for 4 days to document abstinence; non-drug using volunteers were studied as outpatients. EEGs were recorded in the eyes-closed resting state, and absolute EEG power in each frequency band (0.5-4, 4-8, 8-12, and 12-20 Hz) was quantitated using a fast Fourier transform. EEG power was log-transformed prior to analysis. Conventional, EEG tracings were interpreted by a qualified electroencephalographer who was blinded to the subjects' identity. RESULTS: Methamphetamine dependent volunteers with 4 days of abstinence had increased EEG power in the delta and theta bands. Power in the alpha and beta bands did not differ between the groups. Within the methamphetamine dependent group, a majority of the conventional EEGs were abnormal (64%), compared to 18% in the non-methamphetamine using group. CONCLUSIONS: Recently abstinent methamphetamine dependent subjects demonstrate QEEG abnormalities that are consistent with a generalized encephalopathy. SIGNIFICANCE: Encephalopathic changes in brain electrical activity, as found here in methamphetamine dependence, are frequently associated with a range of cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities, suggesting further avenues of investigation.
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/fisiopatologia , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos adversos , Eletroencefalografia , Metanfetamina/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
El presente trabajo es un levantamiento de datos, que pretende mostrar la producción de la contaminación acústica en la ciudad de La Paz, con el objeto de controlar el ruido de tránsito urbano, consecuencia del congestionamiento vehicular. En cuanto a la calidad del agua, se realizó un estudio bacteriológico y se comprobó que las aguas almacenadas en los tanques situados en los edificios, no presentan contaminación y se califican como "Bacteriológicamente Potables"
