Effects of exercise, physical activity, and sports on physical fitness in adults with Down syndrome: A systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of exercise, physical activity, and sports on physical fitness in adults with Down syndrome (DS). A literature search was conducted across four databases EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The PEDro scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to assess the quality and risk of the studies, respectively. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42023449627). Of the 423 records initially found, 13 were finally included in the systematic review, in which 349 adults with DS participated. 92% of the articles declared at least one significant difference post-intervention. The available evidence indicates that exercise, physical activity, and sports have a positive effect on some variables of physical fitness, especially strength, balance, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and functional capacity. Furthermore, it should be considered as an additional treatment or complementary therapy to improve the functionality and quality of life of adults with DS.

Effects of Physical Activity, Exercise and Sport on Executive Function in Young People with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that negatively affects the inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity in children and adolescents who suffer from it, included cases being reported that continue into adulthood. This disorder impairs social, academic, emotional, psychological, and health system functioning due to its high cost of treatment. The present systematic review aims to analyze the effects of physical activity, exercise, and sports on the executive function in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD through the scientific literature. The results show that the practice of physical activity, exercise, or sport produces improvements in executive function in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, mainly through aerobic exercise. A 20 min session of physical activity, sport, or exercise leads to improvements in executive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD. It can be concluded that the practice of physical activity, exercise, and sport generate improvements on executive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD, mainly through aerobic exercise.

Science Mapping: A Bibliometric Analysis on Cyberbullying and the Psychological Dimensions of the Self.

Cyberbullying prevalence is increasing in the world, being a form of abuse that follows victims into their most intimate settings. Cyberbullying affects victims' mental health, self-esteem, emotions, and academic performance. Cyberbullies present low levels of self-control and empathy. This research aimed to map scientific research on Cyberbullying and the Psychological Dimensions of the Self. A bibliometric analysis of scientific documents published in journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) was performed. Traditional bibliometric laws were applied and VOSviewer was used to generate visualizations. The annual publications followed exponential growth. Computers in Human Behaviour was the journal with the most publications. Researchers from the USA and Spain were the most prolific. Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin were the most cited authors. Hence, there is a growing interest among researchers in Cyberbullying and the emotional aspects of children and adolescents. The USA and Spain were the leading countries in research on this subject. Rosario Ortega-Ruiz, Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin were the most prolific and influential authors.

Actividad Física, Ejercicio Físico y Calidad de Vida en niños y adolescentes con Trastorno por déficit de atención y/o hiperactividad / Physical activity, exercise and quality of life in children and adolescents with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Introducción: El Trastorno por déficit de atención y/o hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta la calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes, y se extiende hasta la edad adulta. La literatura señala que la práctica de actividad física y ejercicio físico establece beneficios positivos para el organismo del ser humano, a nivel físico, biológico y psicológico. Objetivo: Examinar los efectos de las intervenciones de actividad física o ejercicio físico sobre la calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con TDAH. Material y Método: La búsqueda de las investigaciones fueron realizadas a través de Google Scholar, Scopus, Pubmed, Scielo, Web of Science, Dialnet y Redalyc, seleccionando solo investigaciones de libre acceso en idioma español. Se consideraron los últimos 5 años para el análisis de las investigaciones, se buscaron mediante las palabras utilizadas Actividad Física y Calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, Ejercicio Físico y Calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, Actividad Física y Calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes con TDAH, Ejercicio Físico y Calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes con TDAH. Desarrollo: Los 8 artículos seleccionados y extraídos de las bases de datos, concuerdan con los criterios de inclusión relacionados con los beneficios en la calidad de vida físicos, a nivel psicológicos, biológicos y sociales. Conclusiones: Intervenciones de actividad física y ejercicio físico con una duración de 15 min a 90 min en niños y adolescentes con TDAH pueden ser beneficiosas en la calidad de vida(AU)

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects quality of life in children and adolescents, extending into adulthood. The literature indicates that the practice of physical activity and physical exercise establishes positive benefits for the human body at a physical, biological and psychological level. Objective: To examine the effects of physical activity or physical exercise interventions on quality of life in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Material and Methods: The search for research was carried out through Google Scholar, Scopus, Pubmed, Scielo, Web of Science, Dialnet and Redalyc, selecting only open access research in Spanish. The last 5 years were considered for the analysis of the research; they were searched using the words: Physical Activity and Quality of life in children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, Physical Exercise and Quality of life in children and adolescents with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, Physical Activity and Quality of life in children and adolescents with ADHD, Physical Exercise and Quality of life in children and adolescents with ADHD. Development: The 8 articles selected and extracted from the databases agree with the inclusion criteria related to the physical, psychological, biological and social benefits on quality of life. Conclusions: Physical activity and physical exercise interventions with a duration of 15-90 minutes in children and adolescents with ADHD can be beneficial on quality of life(AU)