Pneumatic Rupture of Rectosigmoid; a Case Report.

Pneumatic rectosigmoid rapture is usually occurred following the inappropriate fun by direct entering a high volume of the air through the pneumatic device to the anus. Such an event was reported for the first time in 1904 by Stone. Diagnosis and treatment of such injuries are often delayed because of some social limitations and preventing the patient form explaining the event. Colon sigmoid rupture and pneumoperitoneum is one of the most dangerous and life treating complications of entering a high volume of the air to the rectum in a short time. There are only a few reports regarding the similar cases. Here, a case of pneumatic rectosigmoid rapture was reported in a 53 year-old male following an inappropriate fun.

Clinical Presentation and Microbial Analyses of Contact Lens Keratitis; an Epidemiologic Study.

INTRODUCTION: Microbial keratitis is an infective process of the cornea with a potentially and serious visual impairments. Contact lenses are a major cause of microbial keratitis in the developed countries especially among young people. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and microbiological characteristic of CLK in patients referred to the emergency department (ED) of teaching hospitals, Babol, Iran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of all patients with contact lens induced corneal ulcers admitted to the teaching hospitals of Babol, Iran, from 2011- 2013. An ophthalmologist examined patients with the slit-lamp and clinical features of them were noted (including pain, redness, foreign body sensation, chemosis, epiphora, blurred vision, discomfort, photophobia, discharge, ocular redness and swelling). All suspected infectious corneal ulcers were scraped for microbial culture and two slides were prepared. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 18.0. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients (17 eyes) were recruited into the study (100% female). The patients' age ranged from 16-37 years old (mean age 21.58±7.23 years). The most prevalent observed clinical signs were pain and redness. Three samples reported as sterile. The most common isolated causative organism was pseudomonas aeroginosa (78.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 14.3%, and enterobacter 7.1%, respectively. Treatment outcome was excellent in 23.5%, good in 47.1%, and poor in 29.4% of cases. CONCLUSION: Improper lens wear and care as well as the lack of awareness about the importance of aftercare visits have been identified as potential risk factors for the corneal ulcer among contact lens wearers. Training and increasing the awareness of adequate lens care and disinfection practices, consulting with an ophthalmologist, and frequent replacement of contact lens storage cases would greatly help reducing the risk of microbial keratitis.

Differentiation of mild and severe stenosis with motion estimation in ultrasound images.

Doppler ultrasound technique is now recognized as the best noninvasive screening test for carotid artery stenosis. Ultrasound does not calculate directly the degree of arterial narrowing, but relies on extrapolating the changes in blood flow parameters to an anatomical stenosis. This paper deals with the estimation of the stiffness indices of mild and severe stenosis of common carotid artery by motion estimation algorithm, focusing on their changes with the progression of atherosclerosis. 145 men with the mean age of 55 +/- 12 y who were healthy or had mild stenosis or severe stenosis were studied. For each ultrasound examination, matching longitudinal views of the common carotid artery were located, the frames were grabbed and processed with motion estimation algorithm and then diameter, cross-section changes and intima-media thickness of the right common carotid artery were estimated. The blood pressure was recorded in the right brachial artery using a semiautomatic device. The arterial diameter and cross-section changes and intima-media thickness were used together with the blood pressure measurements to estimate standard arterial stiffness indices. Relative diameter changes in carotid arteries with mild and severe stenosis were decreased by 22% to 48%, respectively, compared with healthy carotid artery. Systolic blood pressure in mild stenosis was approximately 4.4% lower and in severe stenosis was 2.0% higher compared with the healthy carotid. The stiffness indices were significantly different in the group of patients with severe stenosis (p-value < 0.05) compared with the healthy and mild stenosis subjects. It is concluded that, regarding the influence of atherosclerosis on the stiffness indices of right common carotid artery, we can differentiate mild and severe stenosis in carotid artery, through processing the sequential color Doppler ultrasound images by optical flow tracking algorithm.