RESUMO
Autism is a developmental disability that exists across racial, ethnic, linguistic, and socioeconomic boundaries. Unfortunately, the lived experiences of autistic individuals and their families as supported by evidence in the existing literature suggest that culturally and linguistically diverse families' engagement in healthcare and education face a multitude of challenges, particularly during high-stakes meetings and healthcare appointments (e.g., Individualized Education Plan meetings, patient visits, and diagnostic results interpretation meetings). These challenges prevent culturally and linguistically diverse autistic individuals from accessing adequate care. In this paper, we propose solutions to be adopted by healthcare and education systems to address those challenges. First, we urge providers to address the systemic problems that commonly occur during meetings. Second, we propose service providers adopt a cultural and linguistic 'match' process. We recommend asking families about their specific language preferences and ensuring the selection of translators who speak the family's preferred language and dialect. Employing these transformations will require education and healthcare systems to allocate more resources for translation services to enhance the training and recruitment of interpreters and ensure that interpreter-family pairs are provided time for consultation prior to high-stakes meetings. Ultimately, these adaptations to the service provision environment would produce opportunities for translators to act as cultural liaisons and, with time, become trusted partners for families.
RESUMO
Since March 2020, many school districts across the country have employed remote learning procedures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, schools continued to provide special education services, yet little is known about how services were adapted for remote or hybrid learning during the height of the pandemic in the United States. In the current study, 332 respondents completed a web-based survey that asked what special education services were provided remotely, whether services were deemed effective, and how remote learning has influenced their well-being. Most respondents identified as White (79.5%), females (92.4%), and worked as special education teachers (52.9%) and school psychologists (35.4%). In compliance with federal guidelines, most respondents continued to hold individualized education plan meetings, conduct assessments, and provide interventions and related services. There was a significant decrease in respondents' reports of efficacy and sense of school connectedness during remote and hybrid learning. Respondents' identification as a person of color, along with reports of higher school connectedness and self-efficacy were positive predictors of their perceived effectiveness of remote special education service delivery. Recommendations are made for school districts to inform decisions regarding their approach to special education services and staff support during remote or hybrid learning.
RESUMO
Distance learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic presented tremendous challenges for many families. Parents were expected to support children's learning, often while also working from home. Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at particularly high risk for setbacks due to difficulties with organization and increased risk of not participating in scheduled online learning. This paper explores how smartwatch technology, including timing notifications, can support children with ADHD during distance learning due to COVID-19. We implemented a 6-week pilot study of a Digital Health Intervention (DHI) with ten families. The DHI included a smartwatch and a smartphone. Google calendars were synchronized across devices to guide children through daily schedules. After the sixth week, we conducted parent interviews to understand the use of smartwatches and the impact on children's functioning, and we collected physiological data directly from the smartwatch. Our results demonstrated that children successfully adopted the use of the smartwatch, and parents believed the intervention was helpful, especially in supporting the development of organizational skills in their children. Overall, we illustrate how even simple DHIs, such as using smartwatches to promote daily organization and task completion, have the potential to support children and families, particularly during periods of distance learning. We include practical suggestions to help professionals teach children with ADHD to use smartwatches to improve organization and task completion, especially as it applies to supporting remote instruction.
