Sex modifies the renal consequences of high fructose consumption introduced after weaning.

After lactation, many children consume fructose-rich processed foods. However, overconsumption of these foods can predispose individuals to non-communicable chronic diseases, which can have different repercussions depending on the sex. Thus, we evaluated the effects of fructose overload introduced after weaning on the renal function of young rats of both sexes. Methods: After weaning, male and female offspring of Wistar rats were assigned to drink water (the male/water and female/water groups) or 20% D-fructose solution (male/fructose and female/fructose groups). Food and water or fructose solution was offered ad libitum. Rats were evaluated at 4 months. Parameters analyzed: blood pressure, body weight, triglyceride levels, glomerular filtration rate, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium excretion, macrophage infiltration, and eNOS and 8OHdG expression in renal tissue. CEUA-UNIFESP: 2757270117. Results: Fructose intake affected the blood pressure, body weight, and plasma triglyceride in all rats. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced in males that received fructose when compared to that of the control group. Sodium and potassium excretion decreased in all fructose-treated rats; however, the excreted load of these ions was significantly higher in females than in males. In the female control group, calcium excretion was higher than that of the male control group. Fructose overload increased magnesium excretion in females, and also increased macrophage infiltration and reduced eNOS expression in both males and females. Conclusion: Fructose overload introduced after weaning caused metabolic and renal changes in rats. Renal function was more affected in males; however, several significant alterations were also observed in the female-fructose group.

Análise da internação e mortalidade por HIV no Brasil, 2016-2020 / Analysis of hospitalization and HIV mortality in Brazil, 2016-2020 / Análisis de la hospitalización y la mortalidad por VIH en Brasil, 2016-2020

Apesar dos avanços programáticos conquistados na atenção às pessoas que vivem com HIV no Brasil, os índices de morbimortalidade atribuídos à infecção ainda são altos e heterogêneos no território nacional. Destarte, entende-se que os aspectos epidemiológicos do HIV devam ser analisados em consonância com as características e delimitações geográficas. Este estudo objetivou analisar os coeficientes de internação hospitalar e de mortalidade por HIV, segundo regiões do Brasil, de 2016 a 2020. Tratou-se de um estudo ecológico das regiões brasileiras, com dados extraídos das plataformas públicas de informação, referentes ao período de 2016 a 2020. Procedeu-se a análise por meio de estatística descritiva e, baseado nos coeficientes regionais de internação hospitalar e mortalidade calculados, foram derivadas ilustrações geográficas por meio do software QGIS, a partir do mapa do Brasil, divisado por regiões. Os resultados apontaram que as internações por HIV apresentaram queda em todas as regiões ao longo do período, contudo, o Sudeste se manteve abaixo da média nacional. Com relação aos óbitos, a queda foi observada em todas as regiões, com menor variação no Nordeste e Norte. Ademais, as regiões Sul e Norte seguiram com os maiores coeficientes de mortalidade do país durante todo o período analisado, enquanto as demais ficaram abaixo da média nacional. Pontua-se a necessidade de novas investigações quanto às especificidades regionais de conformação e organização da rede de atenção no que se refere à oferta de ações e serviços de saúde, bem como das condições socioeconômicas e comportamentais que influem no curso da infecção pelo HIV.

A pesar de los avances programáticos alcanzados en la atención de las personas que viven con el VIH en Brasil, las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad atribuidas a la infección aún son elevadas y heterogéneas en el territorio nacional. Así, se entiende que los aspectos epidemiológicos del VIH deben ser analizados de acuerdo con las características y límites geográficos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los coeficientes de hospitalización y mortalidad por VIH, según regiones de Brasil, de 2016 a 2020. Se trata de un estudio ecológico de regiones brasileñas, con datos extraídos de plataformas de información pública, referentes al período de 2016 a 2020. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y, a partir de los coeficientes de ingreso hospitalario regional y mortalidad calculados, se derivaron ilustraciones geográficas utilizando el software QGIS, a partir del mapa de Brasil, dividido por regiones. Los resultados mostraron que las hospitalizaciones por VIH disminuyeron en todas las regiones en el período, sin embargo, el Sudeste se mantuvo por debajo del promedio nacional. En cuanto a las muertes, la caída se observó en todas las regiones, con menor variación en el Nordeste y Norte. Además, las regiones Sur y Norte continuaron presentando las tasas de mortalidad más altas del país durante todo el período analizado, mientras que las demás se ubicaron por debajo del promedio nacional. Existe la necesidad de mayores investigaciones sobre las especificidades regionales de conformación y organización de la red de atención en lo que se refiere a la provisión de acciones y servicios de salud, así como las condiciones socioeconómicas y conductuales que influyen en el curso de la infección por el VIH.

Despite the programmatic advances achieved in the care of people living with HIV in Brazil, the morbidity and mortality rates attributed to the infection are still high and heterogeneous in the national territory. Thus, it is understood that the epidemiological aspects of HIV should be analyzed in accordance with the characteristics and geographical boundaries. This study aimed to analyze the coefficients of hospitalization and mortality from HIV, according to regions of Brazil, from 2016 to 2020. This was an ecological study of Brazilian regions, with data extracted from public information platforms, referring to the period 2016 to 2020. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and, based on the calculated regional hospital admission and mortality coefficients, geographic illustrations were derived using the QGIS software, from the map of Brazil, divided by regions. The results showed that hospitalizations for HIV decreased in all regions over the period; however, the Southeast remained below the national average. Regarding deaths, the drop was observed in all regions, with less variation in the Northeast and North. Furthermore, the South and North regions continued to have the highest mortality rates in the country throughout the analyzed period, while the others were below the national average. There is a need for further investigations regarding the regional specificities of conformation and organization of the care network with regard to the provision of health actions and services, as well as the socioeconomic and behavioral conditions that influence the course of HIV infection.

Physiological evaluation of premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing: a quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the physiological signs presented by premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing. METHOD: A quasi-experimental crossover study, with a sample of 30 premature infants randomly assigned and allocated to the control group (traditional) and the intervention group (humanized), from March 2019 to March 2020, with the collection of general data, vital signs before and after the procedures. Statistical analyses included description of relative and absolute frequencies, measure of central tendency and dispersion. RESULTS: Premature infants showed less increase in heart rate (53.3%) and respiratory rate (43%) in the verification of humanized weighing than in the traditional way, with 83.3% of neonates and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: It was observed that the humanized form provided less physiological instability, especially in heart and respiratory rates, making it necessary to encourage discussions about the humanization of care and perform this practice routinely in health units.

Maternal fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation: Later effects on renal function.

Excessive fructose consumption has been associated with hypertension and metabolic disorders and can alter physiological adaptations during pregnancy, with long-term detrimental consequences. This study evaluated in post-weaning mothers the effects of increased fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation on blood pressure and renal function. Female Wistar rats were assigned to one of four experimental groups: non-pregnant control (NPC); pregnant control (PC); non-pregnant fructose (NPF), and pregnant fructose (PF). Control rats had free access to food and water, while the fructose groups had free access to food and to a 20% fructose solution, over the time period of the experiment. The systolic BP and renal function parameters were measured at the end of the experimental period, one week after weaning (28 days after delivery). The results were presented as means ± standard error. Higher values of BP were observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant rats treated with fructose compared to control. Creatinine clearance was reduced only in the PF group; however, both the PF and NPF groups had reduced Na+ and K+ excretions. In the PF group, there was also glomerular enlargement and changes in the media/lumen (M/L) ratio of interlobular arteries. Additionally, the PF group showed increased macrophage infiltration and expression of alpha-SM-actin and reduced expression of nitric-oxide-synthase endothelial in renal tissue. These findings suggest that the association of high fructose intake with pregnancy aggravated kidney changes that persisted for up to four weeks after delivery, which may represent a risk factor for maternal health.

Impacto da pandemia da covid-19 na hospitalização e mortalidade por doenças crônicas transmissíveis: Scoping review / Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la hospitalización y mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas transmisibles: Scoping review / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalization and mortality for chronic communicable diseases: Scoping review

Objetivo: mapear o conhecimento na literatura científica acerca dos efeitos da pandemia da covid-19 na hospitalização e mortalidade, em pacientes adultos, por doenças crônicas transmissíveis. Método: revisão de escopo, realizada em janeiro de 2022, nas seguintes bases de dados: CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE, e Web of Science. Os descritores utilizados na busca foram: Doenças Transmissíveis, Hospitalização, Mortalidade e COVID-19. O processo de seleção foi feito por dois revisores independentes por meio da plataforma Rayyan®. Resultados: foram incluídos 36 estudos, dos quais geraram-se as categorias: Internações e mortalidade relacionadas à covid-19 e às doenças crônicas transmissíveis; possíveis causas de agravamento dos pacientes com a covid-19 e doenças crônicas transmissíveis; e Controle das doenças crônicas transmissíveis no contexto da pandemia. Conclusão: observou-se que as hospitalizações e as mortes pelas doenças crônicas transmissíveis estiveram associadas à coinfecção com a covid-19, apesar de fatores sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos também interferirem na ocorrência.(AU)

Objective: to map the knowledge in the scientific literature about the effects of the covid-19 pandemic on hospitalization and mortality, in adult patients, due to chronic communicable diseases. Method: scoping review, carried out in January 2022, in the following databases: CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. The descriptors used in the search were: Communicable Diseases, Hospitalization, Mortality and COVID-19. The selection process was carried out by two independent reviewers through the Rayyan® platform. Results: 36 studies were included, from which the following categories were generated: Hospitalizations and mortality related to covid-19 and chronic communicable diseases; Possible causes of worsening of patients with covid-19 and chronic communicable diseases; and Control of chronic communicable diseases in the context of the pandemic. Conclusion: it was observed that hospitalizations and deaths from chronic communicable diseases were associated with coinfection with covid-19, although sociodemographic and epidemiological factors also interfere in the occurrence.(AU)

Objetivo: mapear el conocimiento en la literatura científica sobre los efectos de la pandemia de covid-19 en la hospitalización y mortalidad, en pacientes adultos, por enfermedades crónicas transmisibles. Método: revisión de alcance, realizada en enero de 2022, en las siguientes bases de datos: CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE y Web of Science. Los descriptores utilizados en la búsqueda fueron: Enfermedades Transmisibles, Hospitalización, Mortalidad y COVID-19. El proceso de selección fue realizado por dos revisores independientes a través de la plataforma Rayyan®. Resultados: se incluyeron 36 estudios, a partir de los cuales se generaron las siguientes categorías: Hospitalizaciones y mortalidad relacionadas con covid-19 y enfermedades crónicas transmisibles; Posibles causas de empeoramiento de pacientes con covid-19 y enfermedades crónicas transmisibles; y Control de enfermedades crónicas transmisibles en el contexto de la pandemia. Conclusión: se observó que las hospitalizaciones y muertes por enfermedades crónicas transmisibles se asociaron con la coinfección por covid-19, aunque factores sociodemográficos y epidemiológicos también interfieren en la ocurrencia.(AU)

Physiological evaluation of premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing: a quasi-experimental study / Evaluación fisiológica de prematuros en pesaje tradicional y humanizado: un estudio cuasi experimental / Avaliação fisiológica de prematuros na pesagem tradicional e humanizada: estudo quase-experimental

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and compare the physiological signs presented by premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing. Method A quasi-experimental crossover study, with a sample of 30 premature infants randomly assigned and allocated to the control group (traditional) and the intervention group (humanized), from March 2019 to March 2020, with the collection of general data, vital signs before and after the procedures. Statistical analyses included description of relative and absolute frequencies, measure of central tendency and dispersion. Results Premature infants showed less increase in heart rate (53.3%) and respiratory rate (43%) in the verification of humanized weighing than in the traditional way, with 83.3% of neonates and 80%, respectively. Conclusion It was observed that the humanized form provided less physiological instability, especially in heart and respiratory rates, making it necessary to encourage discussions about the humanization of care and perform this practice routinely in health units.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir y comparar los signos fisiológicos que presentan los recién nacidos prematuros en pesaje tradicional y humanizado. Método Estudio cuasi-experimental crossover, con una muestra de 30 prematuros asignados al azar y asignados al grupo control (tradicional) y al grupo intervención (humanizado), desde marzo 2019 hasta marzo 2020, con la recolección de datos generales, signos vitales antes y después de los procedimientos. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron descripción de frecuencias relativas y absolutas, medida de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados Los prematuros mostraron menor aumento de la frecuencia cardiaca (53,3%) y respiratoria (43%) en pesaje humanizada que, en la forma tradicional, con un 83,3% de neonatos y un 80%, respectivamente. Conclusión Se observó que la forma humanizada proporcionó menos inestabilidad fisiológica, especialmente en las frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria, siendo necesario estimular discusiones sobre la humanización del cuidado y realizar esa práctica de forma rutinaria en las unidades de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever e comparar os sinais fisiológicos apresentados pelos prematuros na pesagem tradicional e humanizada. Método: Estudo quase-experimental crossover, com amostra de 30 prematuros randomicamente assinalados e alocados no grupo controle (tradicional) e no grupo intervenção (humanizada),no período de março de 2019 a março de 2020, com a coleta de dados gerais, sinais vitais antes e depois dos procedimentos. As análises estatísticas incluíram descrição de frequências relativas e absolutas, medida de tendência central e de dispersão. Resultados: Os prematuros apresentaram menos aumento na frequência cardíaca (53,3%) e respiratória (43%) na verificação da pesagem humanizada do que na tradicional, com 83,3% dos neonatos e 80%,respectivamente. Conclusão: Observou-se que a forma humanizada proporcionou menos instabilidade fisiológica, principalmente nas frequências cardíaca e respiratória, tornando-se necessário estimular discussões sobre a humanização da assistência e realizar essa prática de forma rotineira nas unidades de saúde.

Perfil de gestantes institucionalizadas da região noroeste do Paraná / Perfil de gestantes institucionalizadas de la región noroeste de Paraná / Profile of institutionalized pregnant women in the northwest region of Paraná

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico de gestantes em situação de risco. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, do tipo documental, com caráter quantitativo, realizado em uma instituição não governamental na região noroeste do Paraná. Foram analisados prontuários correspondentes aos anos de 2016 a 2019, totalizando 180 prontuários. Os dados foram compilados e processados por meio de estatística descritiva simples. Resultados: Foram analisados 180 prontuários, desses, constatou-se que a idade mínima das gestantes institucionalizadas estava entre 12 anos e 40 anos de idade, com a faixa etária predominante entre 21 e 30 anos. Dentre essas, 91 gestantes (50,54%) se autodeclaravam pardas ou pretas. Quanto ao grau de escolaridade, 107 (59,44%) possuíam ensino médio incompleto, e 95 (52,78%) já haviam tido uma gestação anterior. Dentre os principais motivos pelos quais as gestantes se encontravam em situação de vulnerabilidade, estavam os transtornos mentais, a violência doméstica e os conflitos familiares. Conclusão: Estudos que avaliem o perfil sociodemográfico das gestantes em situação de vulnerabilidade social são importantes para que profissionais de enfermagem possam reconhecer e elaborar estratégias para minimizar riscos para a saúde materno-infantil, estabelecer maior vínculo e assisti-las de forma integral por meio do pré-natal.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el perfil sociodemográfico de gestantes en situación de riesgo. Métodos: se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, del tipo documental, con carácter cuantitativo, realizado en una institución no gubernamental en la región noroeste de Paraná-Brasil. Se analizaron registros médicos correspondientes a los años 2016 a 2019, totalizando 180 registros. Los datos fueron compilados y procesados por medio de estadística descriptiva simple. Resultados: se analizaron 180 registros médicos, de esos, se constató que la edad mínima de las gestantes institucionalizadas estaba entre 12 años y 40 años de edad, con la franja etaria predominante entre 21 y 30 años. De estas, 91 mujeres embarazadas (50,54%) se autodeclaraban pardas o negras. En cuanto al grado de escolaridad, 107 (59,44%) poseían enseñanza secundaria incompleta; y 95 (52,78%) ya habían tenido una gestación anterior. Entre los principales motivos por los cuales las embarazadas se encontraban en situación de vulnerabilidad, estaban los trastornos mentales, la violencia doméstica y los conflictos familiares. Conclusión: estudios que evalúen el perfil sociodemográfico de las gestantes en situación de vulnerabilidad social son importantes para que profesionales de enfermería puedan reconocer y elaborar estrategias para minimizar riesgos para la salud materno infantil, establecer mayor vínculo y asistirlas de forma integral por medio del prenatal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic profile of women at risk pregnancy. Methods: This is a quantitative retrospective study, of the documentary type, conducted in a non-governmental institution in the northwest region of Paraná. Records from the years 2016 to 2019 were analyzed, totaling 180 records. Data were compiled and processed using simple descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 180 medical records were analyzed, finding that the minimum age of institutionalized pregnant women was between 12 and 40 years, with the predominant age group between 21 and 30 years. Among these, 91 pregnant women (50.54%) declared themselves to be brown or black. As for the level of education, 107 (59.44%) had not completed high school, and 95 (52.78%) had already had a previous pregnancy. Among the main reasons why pregnant women were in a vulnerable condition were mental disorders, domestic violence, and family conflicts. Conclusion: Studies that evaluate the sociodemographic profile of pregnant women in conditions of social vulnerability are important so that nursing professionals can recognize and develop strategies to minimize risks to maternal and child health, establish a greater bond and assist them comprehensively through the prenatal.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico das pessoas acometidas por hiv/aids, tuberculose e hanseníase no paraná, brasil, 2010-2019 / Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de las personas afectadas por vih/sida, tuberculosis y lepra en paraná, brasil, 2010-2019 / Clinical-epidemiological profile of people affected by hiv/aids, tuberculosis and leprosy in paraná, brazil, 2010-2019

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil cínico-epidemiológico das pessoas acometidas por HIV/AIDS, tuberculose e hanseníase no Paraná, entre 2010 e 2019. Método: estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com dados provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A população foi definida como os casos novos de HIV/AIDS, tuberculose e hanseníase notificados entre 2010e 2019, no Paraná. Para a análise, foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva. Resultados: entre 2010 e 2019, foram registrados 14.149 casos de HIV/AIDS, 7.868 de hanseníase e 22.147 de tuberculose. Houve predomínio de casosentre homens, com raça/cor branca e ensino fundamental (in)completo para os três agravos. Evidenciou-se maior número de notificações do HIV/AIDS entre adolescentes e adultos com até 39 anos, da tuberculose entre adultos em fase economicamente ativa e da hanseníase entre adultos com mais de 50 anos. Ademais, observou-se aumento do HIV/AIDS entrehomossexuais e bissexuais, dos óbitos por tuberculose e de crianças/adolescentes com hanseníase. Conclusão: o perfil de homens adultos com baixa escolaridade evidenciado neste estudofoi semelhante à literatura, o que sugere possibilidades de atuação para profissionais da assistência, vigilância e gestão, com vistas à proposição de estratégias direcionadas ao controle do HIV/AIDS, da tuberculose e da hanseníasea nível estadual.

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de las personas afectadas por VIH/sida, tuberculosis y lepra en Paraná/Brasil, entre 2010 y 2019. Método: estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativo, con datos provenientes del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación. La población fue definida como los casos nuevos de VIH/sida, tuberculosis y lepra notificados entre 2010 y 2019, en Paraná/Brasil. Para el análisis, se utilizaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: entre 2010 y 2019 se registraron 14.149 casos de VIH/sida, 7.868 de lepra y 22.147 de tuberculosis. Hubo predominio de casos entre hombres, con raza/color blanco y enseñanza primaria (in)completa para los tres agravios. Se evidenció mayor número de notificaciones del VIH/sida entre adolescentes y adultos de hasta 39 años, de la tuberculosis entre adultos en fase económicamente activa y de la lepra entre adultos de más de 50 años. Además, se observó aumento del VIH/sida entre homosexuales y bisexuales, de los óbitos por tuberculosis y de niños/adolescentes con lepra. Conclusión: el perfil de hombres adultos con baja escolaridad evidenciado en este estudio fue similar a la literatura, lo que sugiere posibilidades de actuación para profesionales de la asistencia, vigilancia y gestión, con vistas a proponer estrategias dirigidas al control del VIH/sida, la tuberculosis y la lepra a nivel estatal.

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of people affected by HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and leprosy in Paraná, between 2010 and 2019. Method: descriptive study, quantitative approach, with data from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases. The population was defined as new cases of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and leprosy reported between 2010 and 2019 in Paraná. For the analysis, descriptive statistical techniques were used. Results: between 2010 and 2019, 14,149 cases of HIV/AIDS, 7,868 of leprosy and 22,147 of tuberculosis were registered. There was a predominance of cases among men, with white race/color and (in)complete elementary school for the three diseases. There was a higher number of HIV/AIDS notifications among adolescents and adults up to 39 years old, tuberculosis among adults in an economically active phase and leprosy among adults over 50 years old. In addition, there was an increase in HIV/AIDS among homosexuals and bisexuals, deaths from tuberculosis and children/adolescents with leprosy. Conclusion: the profile of adult men with low schooling evidenced in this study was similar to the literature, which suggests possibilities of management, with a view to proposing strategies aimed at controlling HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and leprosy at the state level.

Gas6 drives Zika virus-induced neurological complications in humans and congenital syndrome in immunocompetent mice.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has the ability to cross placental and brain barriers, causing congenital malformations in neonates and neurological disorders in adults. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of ZIKV-induced neurological complications in adults and congenital malformations are still not fully understood. Gas6 is a soluble TAM receptor ligand able to promote flavivirus internalization and downregulation of immune responses. Here we demonstrate that there is a correlation between ZIKV neurological complications with higher Gas6 levels and the downregulation of genes associated with anti-viral response, as type I IFN due to Socs1 upregulation. Also, Gas6 gamma-carboxylation is essential for ZIKV invasion and replication in monocytes, the main source of this protein, which was inhibited by warfarin. Conversely, Gas6 facilitates ZIKV replication in adult immunocompetent mice and enabled susceptibility to transplacental infection. Our data indicate that ZIKV promotes the upregulation of its ligand Gas6, which contributes to viral infectivity and drives the development of severe adverse outcomes during ZIKV infection.

Number of lymph nodes dissected in colorectal cancer and probability of positive nodes, angiolymphatic/perineural invasion, and intracellular mucin in a referral service / Número de Linfonodos Dissecados no Câncer Colorretal e Probabilidade de Nodos Positivos, Invasão Angiolinfática, Perineural e Mucina Intracelular em Serviço de Referência

Among the malignancies, colorectal cancer ranks fourth in incidence in Brazil. The main prognostic measure is related to the amount of affected lymph nodes. Thus, many studies try to correlate the number of extracted lymph nodes, with the probability of obtaining positive nodes. Study objectives: Determine whether dissection ≥12 lymph nodes increases probability of finding neoplastic involvement in relation to resection of fewer. Assess the presence of angiolymphatic invasion; perineural and intracelluar mucin and correlate it with tumor differentiation and TNM classification. Correlate the average of positive nodes with angiolymphatic and perineural involvement. Methods: Pathological reports of patients operated for CRC from 1997 to 2013 were analyzed. A probability (p) less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Median of lymph nodes sent to analysis was 12 nodes. Average number of lymph nodes affected was higher when a number ≥12 lymph nodes were dissected (p = 0.001) (Kruskal-Wallis). There was positive association between average of affected lymph nodes and presence of angiolymphatic (p < 0.0001) or perineural invasion (p = 0.024). Angiolymphatic and intracellular mucin are less present in well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Perineural and angiolymphatic were more present in T4 stages. Conclusions: Dissection ≥ 12 lymph nodes increases chances of finding positive nodes. There is relation between angiolymphatic invasion; perineural and intracellular mucin and type of tumor differentiation, as well as TNM classification. Average number of lymph nodes affected was higher in presence of perineural or angiolymphatic invasion.

Dentre as neoplasias malignas, o câncer colorretal ocupa o quarto lugar em incidência no Brasil. Uma das principais medidas de prognóstico está relacionada à quantidade de linfonodos acometidos. Sendo assim, muitos trabalhos estudam meios de correlacionar o número de linfonodos dissecados, com a probabilidade de se obterem linfonodos positivos. Objetivos do estudo: Determinar se a dissecção ≥ 12 linfonodos aumenta a probabilidade de se encontrar acometimento neoplásico nos mesmos em relação à menor ressecção. Avaliar a presença de invasão angiolinfática; perineural e mucina intracelular e correlacioná-la com diferenciação tumoral e classificação TNM. Correlacionar a média de nodos positivos com acometimento angiolinfático e perineural. Métodos: Foram analisados laudos anatomopatológicos de pacientes operados por câncer colorretal (CCR) de 1997 a 2013. A probabilidade (p) menor que 0,05 foi considerada para indicar significância estatística. Resultados: A média de linfonodos comprometidos foi maior quando um número ≥ 12 linfonodos foram dissecados (p = 0,001) (Kruskal-Wallis). Houve associação positiva entre a média de linfonodos afetados e a presença de invasão angiolinfática (p < 0,0001) ou perineural (p = 0,024). A invasão angiolinfática e a mucina intracelular estavam menos presentes em adenocarcinomas bem diferenciados. Invasão perineural e angiolinfática estiveram mais presentes nos estádios T4. Conclusões: A dissecção ≥ 12 linfonodos aumenta as chances de se encontrar nodo positivo. Existe relação entre invasão angiolinfática; perineural e mucina intracelular e o tipo de diferenciação tumoral, bem como a classificação TNM. A média de linfonodos comprometidos foi maior na presença de invasão perineural ou angiolinfática.

Caracterização dos pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico grave admitidos em um hospital terciário / Characteristics of patients with severe traumatic brain injury admitted in a tertiary hospital

Descrever o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico grave. Estudo restropectivo realizado através da análise de prontuários de pacientes admitidos em um hospital de referência com diagnóstico de traumatismo craniencefálico grave (TCE), entre janeiro de 2007 e junho de 2013. Na amostra obtida com total de 246 pacientes, 216 (87,8%) eram do sexo masculino. A faixa etária predominante foi a de adultos jovens. A causa mais comum de TCE grave foi acidente com motocicleta. Os principais sinais clínicos apresentados nas primeiras 72 horas após admissão hospitalar foram edema periorbital, anisocoria e otorragia. A tomografia computadorizada de crânio (TC) foi o exame mais realizado. Adultos jovens foram os mais atingidos, sendo o acidente motociclístico a principal causa de TCE grave, com predomínio de ocorrência do gênero masculino.

To describe the epidemiological profile of patients suffering from severe traumatic brain injury. This restropective study was conducted through analysis of patients' medical records admitted to a referral hospital with the diagnosis of severe TBI between January 2007 and June 2013. In the sample obtained from a total of 246 patients, 216 (87.8% ) were male. The predominat age group was young adults. The most common cause of serious injury was motorcycle accident. The main clinical signs presented in the first 72 hours after hospital admissions were periorbital edema, anisocoria and otorrhagia. Computer tomography (CT) examination was the most performed exam. Young adults were the most affected, where the motorcycle accidents were the leading cause of severe TBI, with a predominance of occurrence in the male gender.

Jogos eletrônicos de movimento e educação física: uma revisão sistemática / Movement electronic games and physical education: a systematic review / Juegos electrónicos de movimiento y educación física: una revisión sistemática

O objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar uma revisão sistemática dos artigos científicos produzidos sobre Jogos Eletrônicos de Movimento, apontando seus usos para o campo da Educação Física. As pesquisas encontradas indicam o uso dos Jogos Eletrônicos de Movimento como instrumento de intervenção no campo da reabilitação, da promoção da saúde e da prática pedagógica. Aparece também enquanto conteúdo pedagógico na Educação Física Escolar. Os estudos realizados não apontam os sentidos atribuídos pelos usuários para além daqueles relacionados à saúde.

The purpose of this research is to conduct a systematic review of scientific papers produced on Movement Electronic Games, pointing their uses to the field of Physical Education. The surveys have indicated the use of Motion Electronic Games as an intervention instrument in the field of rehabilitation, health promotion and teaching practice. It appears also as pedagogical content in physical education. The studies do not point the meanings attributed by users other than those related to health.

La meta de esta pesquisa es realizar una revisión sistemática de los artículos científicos producidos sobre Juegos Electrónicos de Movimiento, apuntando sus usos para el campo de la Educación Física. Las pesquisas encontradas indican el uso de los Juegos Electrónicos de Movimiento como herramienta de intervencíon en el campo de la reabilitacíon, de la promoción de la salud e da la práctica pedagógica. Aparece también como contenido pedagógico en la Educación Física Escolar. Los estudos realizados no apuntan los sentidos atribuidos por los usuários para mas allá de aquellos relacionados a la salud.

COMPLICATIONS REQUIRING HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY.

BACKGROUND: The actual gold standard technique for obesity treatment is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. However, complications may occur and the surgeon must be prepared for them. AIM: To evaluate retrospectively the complications occurrence and associated factors in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. METHODS: In this study, 469 medical charts were considered, from patients and from data collected during outpatient consultations. The variables considered were gender, age, height, pre-operatory BMI, pre-operatory weight, pre-operatory comorbidities, time of hospital stay, postoperative complications that demanded re-admission to the hospital and the time elapsed between the procedure and the complication. The patients' follow up was, at least, one year. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative complications that demanded a hospital care was 24,09%. The main comorbidity presented in this sample was hepatic steatosis. The comorbidity that was associated with the postoperative period was type 2 diabetes. There was a tendency for the female gender be related to the complications. The cholecystectomy was the most frequent complication. Complications occurred during the first year in 57,35%. CONCLUSION: The most frequent complication was the need to perform a cholecystectomy, where the most frequent comorbidity was hepatic steatosis. Over half the complications occurred during the first year postoperatively. Type 2 diabetes was associated with the occurrence of postoperative complications; women had the highest incidence; body mass index was not associated with the occurrence of complications.

COMPLICATIONS REQUIRING HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY / COMPLICAÇÕES QUE NECESSITARAM DE MANEJO HOSPITALAR NO PÓS-OPERATÓRIO DE CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA

Background: The actual gold standard technique for obesity treatment is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. However, complications may occur and the surgeon must be prepared for them.Aim:To evaluate retrospectively the complications occurrence and associated factors in patients who underwent bariatric surgery.Methods:In this study, 469 medical charts were considered, from patients and from data collected during outpatient consultations. The variables considered were gender, age, height, pre-operatory BMI, pre-operatory weight, pre-operatory comorbidities, time of hospital stay, postoperative complications that demanded re-admission to the hospital and the time elapsed between the procedure and the complication. The patients' follow up was, at least, one year.Results:The incidence of postoperative complications that demanded a hospital care was 24,09%. The main comorbidity presented in this sample was hepatic steatosis. The comorbidity that was associated with the postoperative period was type 2 diabetes. There was a tendency for the female gender be related to the complications. The cholecystectomy was the most frequent complication. Complications occurred during the first year in 57,35%.Conclusion:The most frequent complication was the need to perform a cholecystectomy, where the most frequent comorbidity was hepatic steatosis. Over half the complications occurred during the first year postoperatively. Type 2 diabetes was associated with the occurrence of postoperative complications; women had the highest incidence; body mass index was not associated with the occurrence of complications.

Racional: A técnica cirúrgica atualmente considerada padrão-ouro para o tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade é o bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux. No entanto, complicações podem surgir e o cirurgião deve estar preparado para elas.Objetivo:Avaliar retrospectivamente a ocorrência de complicações e fatores associados em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica.Métodos:Analisaram-se 469 prontuários de pacientes e dados referentes às consultas ambulatoriais. As variáveis pesquisadas foram sexo, idade, estatura, índice de massa corpóreo pré-operatório, peso pré-operatório, comorbidades pré-operatórias, tempo de internação, complicações pós-operatórias que exigiram reinternação e o tempo decorrido entre o procedimento e a complicação. O seguimento dos pacientes foi de no mínimo um ano.Resultados:A incidência de complicações pós-operatórias que exigiram manejo hospitalar foi de 24,09%. A principal comorbidade foi a esteatose hepática. A comorbidade que se associou às complicações no período de pós-operatório foi o diabete melito tipo 2. Houve tendência do sexo feminino se relacionar às complicações. A colecistectomia foi a mais frequente complicação. Durante o primeiro ano ocorreram 57,35% das complicações.Conclusões:A complicação mais frequente foi a necessidade de realização de colecistectomia, sendo que a mais frequente comorbidade foi a esteatose hepática. Mais da metade das complicações ocorreram no primeiro ano de pós-operatório; o diabete melito tipo 2 associou-se às intercorrências pós-operatórias; o sexo feminino teve maior incidência; e o índice de massa corporal não correlacionou-se às complicações.

Meiotic behavior of 18 species from eight families of terrestrial heteroptera.

Insects of the suborder Heteroptera are known for their odor, for being pests, or for being disease carriers. To gain better insight into the cytogenetic characteristics of heteropterans, 18 species of terrestrial Heteroptera belonging to eight families were studied. The presence of heteropycnotic corpuscles during prophase I, terminal or interstitial chiasmas, telomeric associations between chromosomes, ring disposals of autosomes during metaphase, and late migrations of the sex chromosomes during anaphase were analyzed. These features showed identical patterns to other species of Heteroptera previously described in the literature. Another studied characteristic was chromosome complements. The male chromosome complements observed were 2n = 12 chromosomes [10A + XY, Galgupha sidae (Amyot & Serville) (Corimelaenidae) and Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) (Scutelleridae)]; 2n = 13 [10A + 2m + X0, Harmostes serratus (Fabricius), Harmostes apicatus (Stål), Jadera haematoloma (Herrich-Schaeffer), Jadera sanguinolenta (Fabricius), Jadera sp. (Rhopalidae)], and Neomegalotomus parvus (Westwood) (Alydidae); 2n = 13 [12A + X0, Stenocoris furcifera (Westwood) (Alydidae); 2n = 14 [12A + XY, Dictyla monotropidia (Stål) (Tingidae)]; 2n = 19 [18A + X0, Acanonicus hahni (Stål) (Coreidae)]; 2n = 21 [18A + 2m + X0, Acanthocephala sp. (Dallas) (Coreidae)]; 2n = 27 [24A + 2m + X0, Anisoscelis foliacea marginella (Dallas) (Coreidae)]; 2n = 18 [16A + XY, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n = 17 [14A + X1X2Y, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n = 16 [12A + 2m + XY, Pachybrachius bilobatus (Say) (Lygaeidae)]; 2n = 26 [24A + XY, Atopozelus opsinus (Elkins) (Reduviidae)]; and 2n = 27 [24A + X1X2Y, Doldina carinulata (Stål) (Reduviidae)]. The diversity of the cytogenetic characteristics of Heteroptera was reflected in the 18 studied species. Thus, this study extends the knowledge of these characteristics, such as the variations related to chromosome complements, sex chromosome systems, and meiotic behavior.

Morphological aspects of the testes of 18 species of terrestrial of Heteroptera from Northwestern Sao Paulo (Brazil) / Aspectos testiculares de 18 especies terrestres de Heteroptera do Noroeste de Sao Paulo (Brasil)

The Heteroptera are known for their odour, for being pests or for being disease carriers. However, they are still not extensively studied, perhaps because they form a very large group. Therefore, with the aim of enhancing the knowledge of the morphology of the testes of this insect order, we collected and analysed 18 species of terrestrial Heteroptera from the northwestern part of São Paulo. The analysis of these species revealed some differences between the testicles of these species, including their shape (elongated, oval, round or pecten), the morphology of the testicular lobes (elongated and paired side by side or united in a single region), the colours of the peritoneal sheath that surrounds the lobes (red, orange, yellow or translucent), and the number of testicular lobes (one, two, four, five, six or seven). Because the aspects analysed were highly variable, our study suggests a need for further analysis of Heteropteran testicular morphological differences.

Os Heteroptera são organismos conhecidos pelo seu odor, por serem pragas ou por serem transmissores de doenças, contudo, eles ainda são pouco estudados, talvez por formarem um grupo muito grande. Portanto, com o objetivo de ampliarmos as informações dos aspectos testiculares deste grupo analisamos 18 espécies de Heteroptera terrestres pertencentes a oito famílias que foram coletadas no Noroeste Paulista. Através das análises dessas espécies foi observado diferenças testiculares quanto: a sua forma (alongadas; ovalados; forma de concha, denominada pecten; ou arredondados); a morfologia dos lobos (alongados e pareados lado a lado ou unidos em uma única região, na forma de um “ofiuroide”); às cores da bainha peritoneal (alaranjada, amarelada, avermelhada ou transparente); ao número de lobos testiculares (um, dois, quatro, cinco, seis, sete). Devido aos aspectos analisados serem muito variáveis, nosso estudo sugere um aprofundamento maior na questão que envolve as diferenças morfológicas testiculares.

Optic nerve enlargement in infantile form of Krabbe disease.

Krabbe disease (KD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by dysfunctional galactosylceramidase activity. Infantile form is the most common subtype, occurring at about 6-month of age. We present a rare case of infantile KD with magnetic resonance imaging showing white matter, thalamic and basal ganglia lesions rarely associated with an enlargement of the optic nerves bilaterally.

Prevalence of Leptospira interrogans antibodies in free-ranging Tayassu pecari of the Southern Pantanal, Brazil, an ecosystem where wildlife and cattle interact.

We surveyed a wild population of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) in the Brazilian Pantanal for evidence of Leptospira interrogans. Serum samples from 71 free-ranging T. pecari were obtained between 2003 and 2005 in the southern Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul state. We used microscopic microagglutination to test for antibodies against 14 L. interrogans serovars (antibody titers ≥ 1:100 were considered seropositive). Seventy percent of captured animals tested positive for leptospirosis antibodies. Antibodies against icterohaemorrhagiae and autumnalis serovars were the most prevalent. We used log-linear analyses to test for associations among seropositivity, age class, and sex of captured animals. Seropositivity was strongly associated with animal age class, but independent of sex. Forty-six percent of animals less than 2 years old, 63% of adults during peak reproductive years, and 100% of the oldest age class were seropositive. A nonparametric multivariate procedure (MRPP) showed that the composition of serovar antibody types changed with age, and ANOVA models demonstrated that antibody titers increased with age, suggesting long-term exposure to a greater number and variety (i.e., serovar types) of L. interrogans infections. This study presents the first quantitative survey of antibodies against L. interrogans serovars in a T. pecari population of the Pantanal. The high prevalence of leptospirosis antibodies in free-ranging white-lipped peccaries and the potential impacts on reproduction and population dynamics emphasize the need for further studies investigating the roles of Pantanal wildlife and livestock in the transmission and maintenance of L. interrogans in the environment.

Prevalência e fatores de risco para a leptospirose em bovinos de Mato Grosso do Sul / Prevalence and risk factors for bovine leptospirosis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Foi investigada a prevalência de anticorpos antileptospira em fêmeas bovinas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses, provenientes de 178 rebanhos de 22 municípios do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, bem como identificados fatores de risco associados à infecção. Foram analisadas 2.573 amostras de soro sangüíneo por meio do teste de soroaglutinação microscópica perante 10 sorovares de leptospira. Títulos iguais ou superiores a 100 para um ou mais sorovares foram detectados em 1.801 fêmeas (98,8 por cento) de 161 (96,5 por cento) rebanhos. O sorovar Hardjo (65,6 por cento) foi apontado como o mais provável, seguido do sorovar Wolffi (12,3 por cento). Os resultados demonstram que a leptospirose bovina se encontra presente em todos os municípios estudados, com alta prevalência, tanto em animais como em rebanhos. Os fatores de risco identificados neste estudo e associados à infecção por bactérias do gênero lepstopira foram o tipo de exploração pecuária de corte e a raça Zebu.

The prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies was estimated for female cattle aged 24 months or older. The sample comprised 178 herds from 22 counties in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The risk factors associated with the presence of infeccion were investigated. A total of 2,573 blood serum samples were tested against 10 leptospira serovars using the microagglutination test (MAT). Titers of 100 or higher for one or more serovars were detected in 1,801 females (98.8 percent) from 161 herds (96.5 percent). Serovar Hardjo (65.6 percent) was the most frequent, followed by serovar Wolffi (12.3 percent). These results suggest that bovine leptospirosis is widespread in all the counties under study, with a high prevalence both at the animal and the herd level. Beef farms and the Zebu breed were associated to the higher risk of herd infection by leptospiras.

Prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect domestic and wild canids, as well as ruminants and equines. It was described in 1988 and has been known as a major cause of abortion in bovines and neuromuscular alterations and death in dogs. To estimate the prevalence of bovine neosporosis in the 22 municipalities of the so-called Estrato 1 subregion of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, blood samples were collected from cows aged 24 months and older, from December 2003 to March 2004. During sample collection, a questionnaire was used to gather data of epidemiological interest. The samples were subjected to serological diagnosis (indirect fluorescence antibody test - IFAT). Prevalences of 14.9% (449/2488) and 69.8% (143/205) were found for the animals and herds sampled, respectively. The variable found to be associated with seropositivity to N. caninum was abortion (OR 2.52; CI 1.25-5.06). The results revealed the presence of infection by N. caninum in the herds investigated, drawing attention to its role as a potential cause of abortion in cattle in Mato Grosso do Sul.