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1.
Food Chem ; 285: 423-430, 2019 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30797366

RESUMO

The study was designed to evaluate how the distillation process is able to affect the composition and bioactivity of oligosaccharides contained in the grape seeds. Different oligosaccharidic fractions have been extracted both before and after grape pomace distillation in order to valorize this by-product. A multistep solid-phase extraction approach (C-18 and carbograph cartridges) has been applied to purify and fractionate the oligosaccharidic compounds. Chemical characterization of the fractions was performed using a UPLC-ESI-MSn method. Complex oligosaccharides consist principally of neutral oligosaccharides rich in arabinose and glucose. Then, the oligosaccharides contained in the different fractions as potential functional ingredients with prebiotic activity toward well-known probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum, were evaluated. Data showed how, in some combination, oligosaccharidic fractions obtained may be considered a novel "functional ingredient" with potential prebiotic activity mainly towards L. acidophilus.


Assuntos
Destilação/métodos , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/química , Oligossacarídeos/química , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia , Prebióticos , Fracionamento Químico , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/análise , Lactobacillus acidophilus/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactobacillus plantarum/efeitos dos fármacos , Oligossacarídeos/análise , Prebióticos/análise , Probióticos , Extração em Fase Sólida/instrumentação , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray
2.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol ; 307(9): H1269-76, 2014 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25172902

RESUMO

The amount of fat surrounding the heart, called epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), is a marker of cardiometabolic risk and correlates with the quantity of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The amount of VAT is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and with cognitive impairment. We aimed to evaluate the association between EAT thickness as a measure of VAT and cognitive function. In 71 elderly subjects (mean age 72.7 ± 7.1 yr) we measured EAT thickness through transthoracic echocardiography, assessed the metabolic profile through evaluation of biochemical parameters, and estimated the cognitive function via the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). We found that greater EAT thickness was associated with lower cognitive performance evaluated by MMSE (P < 0.01) independently of the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome or obesity. Lower MMSE results were also associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.01), elevated HOMA index (P < 0.01), and high BMI values (P < 0.01). The results of mediation analysis confirmed that the total effect of metabolic syndrome, HOMA, and BMI on MMSE is mainly explained by an indirect effect through EAT thickness. In conclusion, increased EAT thickness assessed by transthoracic echocardiography is associated with deficient results of psychometric tests assessing cognitive performance and may consistently foresee impairment of cognition in the elderly.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Pericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Disfunção Cognitiva/complicações , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Metaboloma , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Ultrassonografia
3.
Food Chem ; 140(4): 717-25, 2013 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23692758

RESUMO

Hazelnut skins are a good example of agricultural by-product with the potential to become a valuable source of functional ingredients. In this work, the fibre from hazelnut skins was extracted by using water and alkali solution and characterised by a suite of analytical tools (MALDI-FTICR, nano LC-Chip-Q-ToF and gas chromatography). Over thirty complex free oligosaccharides, composed mainly of galacturonic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine, were characterised for the first time in the present study. Their concentration ranged between 16 and 34mg per g of extract. The oligosaccharides isolated from this agricultural by-product are mainly hexose oligosaccharides (potentially galacto-oligosaccharides,) and xyloglucans. The identified composition could justify the bioactive activity of the extracts, namely prebiotic activity, previously demonstrated.


Assuntos
Corylus/química , Nozes/química , Oligossacarídeos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Oligossacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Solubilidade
4.
BMC Immunol ; 13: 61, 2012 Nov 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23157568

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an ancient group of defense molecules. AMPs are widely distributed in nature (being present in mammals, birds, amphibians, insects, plants, and microorganisms). They display bactericidal as well as immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of a combination of two AMPs (temporin B and the royal jellein I) against Staphylococcus epidermidis. RESULTS: The temporin B (TB-KK) and the royal jelleins I, II, III chemically modified at the C terminal (RJI-C, RJII-C, RJIII-C), were tested for their activity against 10 different Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, alone and in combination. Of the three royal jelleins, RJI-C showed the highest activity. Moreover, the combination of RJI-C and TB-KK (MIX) displayed synergistic activity. In vitro, the MIX displayed low hemolytic activity, no NO2- production and the ability to curb the synthesis of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ to the same extent as acetylsalicylic acid. In vivo, the MIX sterilized mice infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis in eleven days and inhibited the expression of genes encoding the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) and CD64, two important parameters of inflammation. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the MIX - a combination of two naturally occurring peptides - displays both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia , Administração Intravenosa , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/uso terapêutico , Carga Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Citometria de Fluxo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nitratos/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
J Pept Sci ; 17(5): 348-52, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21254310

RESUMO

Peptides isolated from natural fonts are the object of several studies aimed at finding new molecules possessing antibacterial activity. We focused our studies on peptides originally isolated from the Royal Jelly, the jelleins and on some analogs having a UV reporter at the N- or C-terminus. We found that jelleins are mainly active against gram-positive bacteria; interestingly, they act in synergy with peptides belonging to the family of temporins such as temporin A and temporin B against Staphylococcus aureus A170 and Listeria monocytogenes.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/química , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Dicroísmo Circular , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos
6.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol ; 295(2): F478-87, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18524856

RESUMO

Genetic variation in alpha-adducin cytoskeletal protein is implicated in the polymerization and bundling of actin and alteration of the Na/K pump, resulting in abnormal renal sodium transport and hypertension in Milan hypertensive rats and humans. To investigate the molecular involvement of alpha-adducin in controlling Na/K pump activity, wild-type or mutated rat and human alpha-adducin forms were, respectively, transfected into several renal cell lines. Through multiple experimental approaches (microscopy, enzymatic assays, coimmunoprecipitation), we showed that rat and human mutated forms increased Na/K pump activity and the number of pump units; moreover, both variants coimmunoprecipitate with Na/K pump. The increased Na/K pump activity was not due to changes in its basolateral localization, but to an alteration of Na/K pump residential time on the plasma membrane. Indeed, both rat and human mutated variants reduced constitutive Na/K pump endocytosis and similarly affected transferrin receptor trafficking and fluid-phase endocytosis. In fact, alpha-adducin was detected in clathrin-coated vesicles and coimmunoprecipitated with clathrin. These results indicate that adducin, besides its modulatory effects on actin cytoskeleton dynamics, might play a direct role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The constitutive reduction of the Na/K pump endocytic rate induced by mutated adducin variants may be relevant in Na-dependent hypertension.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a Calmodulina/genética , Endocitose/fisiologia , Túbulos Renais Proximais/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Mutação/genética , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo , Sódio/metabolismo , Absorção/fisiologia , Animais , Proteínas de Ligação a Calmodulina/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Cães , Humanos , Rim/citologia , Túbulos Renais Proximais/citologia , Ratos , Transfecção
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