Estudio bibliométrico de cirugía refractiva y ojo seco en la literatura científica / Bibliometric study of refractive surgery and dry eye scientific literature

Antecedentes y objetivo La cirugía refractiva es actualmente un procedimiento seguro y eficaz, y es reconocida como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del ojo seco. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la producción e identificar el estado de conocimiento sobre el ojo seco secundario a cirugía refractiva, sus inicios y su evolución, así como cuales son los autores e instituciones más notorios. Material y métodos Se realizó una búsqueda de referencias a través de la base de datos Scopus, utilizando «cirugía refractiva» como descriptor principal y «ojo seco» como secundario; unidos ambos por el operador booleano AND, y limitándose el campo a la disponibilidad de título, resumen y palabras clave. A las publicaciones seleccionadas se le aplicaron los indicadores y los mapas bibliométricos habituales. Resultados Se recopilaron 78 artículos del periodo 2001-2019. Según la ley de Price, el crecimiento de la producción de la literatura fue lineal. La tasa de crecimiento anual fue del 8,6% con un tiempo de duplicación de 8,4 años. El núcleo de Bradford ofreció 4 revistas, todas con factor de impacto>2. Estas fueron: Journal of Ophthalmology, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Journal of Glaucoma y The British Journal of Ophthalmology. El país con mayor producción fue EE. UU. Conclusiones La producción científica sobre el ojo seco secundaria a cirugía refractiva sigue un crecimiento lineal, no cumpliéndose los postulados de Price. Existe una alta transitoriedad de autores. Esto puede indicar una baja productividad por autor, o bien la presencia alta de investigadores que hayan publicado publican ocasionalmente sobre este tema (AU)

Objective Currently, refractive surgery is a safe and effective procedure, and considered as a risk for development of dry eye. The aim of study is to analyze the scientific publications in the field of ocular dryness secondary to refractive surgery through a bibliometric approach. The temporal period goes since 2001 to 2019, years in which first references appeared and search limited selection is done, respectively. The set of publications ranges from the first publication appeared in 2001, to the last one selected in 2019. Methods A search of references was made through Scopus, using «refractive surgery» as main descriptor, and «dry eye» as secondary one; both descriptors were limited to those available in the chosen field for the title, abstract, and keywords. The most common indicators and bibliometric maps were applied for to the selected publications. Results A total of 78 original articles were collected from the timeframe 2001-2019. According to the Price's law, the growth of literature production was linear turned out in a linear growth of literature production. The annual growth rate was 8.6% with a literature doubling time of 8.4 years. The Bradford core, preferred journals chosen by authors were 4 with offered four preferred journals by the authors, all of them with an impact factor >2. These were Ophthalmology, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal of Glaucoma and British Journal of Ophthalmology. Regarding geographical distribution, the United States had the highest production. Conclusions The scientific production of dry eye after refractive surgery follows a linear growth. In this instance, postulates of the Price's growth law of science are not fulfilled. In addition, there is a high rate of transience. That may indicate low productivity or presence of researchers from other related subjects disciplines, who have published occasionally in this topic (AU)

Bibliometric study of refractive surgery and dry eye scientific literature.

OBJECTIVE: Currently, refractive surgery is a safe and effective procedure, and considered as a risk for development of dry eye. The aim of study is to analyze the scientific publications in the field of ocular dryness secondary to refractive surgery through a bibliometric approach. The temporal period goes since 2001-2019, years in which first references appeared and search limited selection is done, respectively. The set of publications ranges from the first publication appeared in 2001, to the last one selected in 2019. METHODS: A search of references was made through Scopus, using "refractive surgery" as main descriptor, and «dry eye¼ as secondary one; both descriptors were limited to those available in the chosen field for the title, abstract, and keywords. The most common indicators and bibliometric maps were applied for to the selected publications. RESULTS: A total of 78 original articles were collected from the timeframe 2001-2019. According to the Price's law, the growth of literature production was linear turned out in a linear growth of literature production. The annual growth rate was 8.6% with a literature doubling time of 8.4 years. The Bradford core, preferred journals chosen by authors were 4 with offered four preferred journals by the authors, all of them with an impact factor >2. These were Ophthalmology, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal of Glaucoma and British Journal of Ophthalmology. Regarding geographical distribution, the United States had the highest production. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific production of dry eye after refractive surgery follows a linear growth. In this instance, postulates of the Price's growth law of science are not fulfilled. In addition, there is a high rate of transience. That may indicate low productivity or presence of researchers from other related subjects disciplines, who have published occasionally in this topic.

Bibliometric analysis of the scientific production as regards statin use for ophthalmological symptoms of myasthenia gravis. / Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre el efecto del consumo de estatinas en las manifestaciones oftalmológicas de la miastenia gravis.

INTRODUCTION: The first symptoms of myasthenia gravis (MG) usually involve weakness of the ocular muscles, making it relevant that ophthalmologists have updated information on studies as regards its relationship with the consumption of drugs, such as statins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Scopus database and by a search strategy in the selection of documents containing descriptors related to statins in the «Title¼ («TI¼) field and the descriptors «ophthalm *', «myast *', «visual *' in other fields of the document (period 1986-2015). RESULTS: The results showed that, while the number of scientific publications on ocular effects of statins has grown lineally (n=838; y=2.267x-4507.1; r=0.7221; time of duplication: 4.66 years, and rate of annual growth: 50.06%), the specific publications about MG have experienced an exponential growth (n=38; y=2E-262e0.3001x; r=0.3892; time of duplication: 2.95 years, and rate of annual growth: 46.25%) without reaching the saturation postulated in Price theory of the expansion of the scientific literature. The majority of publications relating to MG are reports of cases linked to a worsening of the MG symptoms, and simvastatin and atorvastatin are the agents mentioned in most of the publications. CONCLUSIONS: These results should enable ophthalmologists to expand their knowledge concerning the evolution of studies on statins and MG, pointing out the relevance of such causal relationships.

Bibliometric analysis of the scientific production in the area of Optometry.

OBJECTIVE: Using a bibliometric approach an analysis was made of the scientific publications of Spanish investigators in the area of optometry, from 1974 until 2013. METHODS: The EMBASE database was used for this study, employing optomtr*, optic*, visual, vision, eye*, and ophthalm* as search terms. The most common bibliometric indicators were applied for the selected publications. RESULTS: The number of published articles retrieved for Spain from 1974-2013 was 1,055. The growth of publications was more exponential (R=0.93) than linear (R= 0.71). The doubling time of scientific production was 3.63 years. The level of productivity primarily corresponded to small producers (Transience index of 64%). The collaboration index was 4.4 authors per paper. The majority of the output was generated in academic settings (62.27%). The Bradford core was formed by four journals, in which Optometry and Vision Science accounted for the majority of publications, with 11.85%. CONCLUSIONS: Research in the area of optometry in Spain is in a phase of exponential growth, containing a high level of transient authors, which may indicate either a low productivity or the presence of investigators from other related fields that have published in a sporadic manner in this area. A small number of research groups are responsible for producing the majority of articles, primarily in an academic setting. There is a high concentration of publications in a few journals.

Cefalea postpunción dural en obstetricia / Postdural puncture headache in obstetrics

La cefalea postpunción dural es la complicación mayor más habitual tras la anestesia neuroaxial, y es especialmente frecuente en obstetricia. Suele ser una complicación benigna y autolimitada, pero sin tratamiento puede conducir a otras complicaciones más graves e incluso puede producir la muerte. Se han propuesto múltiples medios de profilaxis y tratamiento, pero en muchos casos la evidencia científica es insuficiente. Para su profilaxis tras una punción dural accidental la única medida eficaz es dejar el catéter en posición intradural; la morfina epidural también podría serlo. Una vez instaurado el cuadro clínico, debe prescribirse un tratamiento conservador durante las primeras 24 horas. Si fracasa, la medida más efectiva continúa siendo el parche hemático epidural, que no se debe demorar más de 24-48 horas para no prolongar el sufrimiento de la paciente. Si son necesarios más de dos parches, hay que descartar otra causa potencialmente grave de la cefalea(AU)

Postdural puncture headache is the most common major complication following neuraxial anesthesia; this adverse event is particularly frequent in obstetrics. The headache is usually benign and self-limited but if left untreated can lead to more serious complications that may be life-threatening. Many treatments and prophylactic measures have been suggested, but evidence supporting them is scarce in many cases. After accidental dural puncture the only effective preventive measure is to leave the catheter inside the dura; epidural morphine infusion may also help. Once symptoms begin, treatment is conservative for the first 24 hours. If this approach fails, the most effective intervention continues to be a blood patch, which should not be delayed beyond 24 to 48 hours in order to avoid suffering. If more blood patches are required, other possible causes of headache should be ruled out(AU)

[Postdural puncture headache in obstetrics]. / Cefalea postpunción dural en obstetricia.

Postdural puncture headache is the most common major complication following neuraxial anesthesia; this adverse event is particularly frequent in obstetrics. The headache is usually benign and self-limited but if left untreated can lead to more serious complications that may be life-threatening. Many treatments and prophylactic measures have been suggested, but evidence supporting them is scarce in many cases. After accidental dural puncture the only effective preventive measure is to leave the catheter inside the dura; epidural morphine infusion may also help. Once symptoms begin, treatment is conservative for the first 24 hours. If this approach fails, the most effective intervention continues to be a blood patch, which should not be delayed beyond 24 to 48 hours in order to avoid suffering. If more blood patches are required, other possible causes of headache should be ruled out.

Cardiac adaptation to training and decreased training loads in endurance athletes: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Changes in echocardiographic standard measurements as a consequence of training and detraining in elite or subelite athletes have not been comprehensively studied. METHODS: We identified 200 potentially relevant studies from 1966 to June 2006 and eliminated 187 studies that did not fulfil the objectives of the study. We identified 13 studies with echocardiographic assessment of heart adaptation following variation in training loads in elite or subelite endurance-trained athletes. We performed a meta-analysis by studying the changes in the left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic (LVESD), left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) and interventricular septum thickness (IVST) dimensions induced by training. RESULTS: A significant positive overall effect size on echocardiographic outcomes was found following training, using the fixed effect model on LVPW, LVEDD, LVESD and IVST. LVPW and LVEDD were significantly higher following training. CONCLUSION: Studies reported an increase in LVEDD and LVPW, following endurance training. However, the heterogeneity of the studies and the sensitivity of echocardiography technique can be two reasons, for which the results do not allow to state unequivocally that the adaptation to endurance training of highly trained hearts stems from increments of diastolic diameter of the left ventricle and lateral wall of the left ventricle (LVPW).

Bloqueo del ganglio estrellado y anestesia subaracnoidea. Caso Clínico / No disponible

El ganglio estrellado está formado por la unión del ganglio cervical inferior y el primer ganglio torácico. El bloqueo de dicho ganglio es usado para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de diversos síndromes dolorosos crónicos. Esta técnica con anestésicos locales suele ser segura aunque no exenta de complicaciones como convulsiones, neumotórax o anestesia espinal entre otras. Estas complicaciones pueden minimizarse con una adecuada vigilancia, monitorización y recursos adecuados. Para un correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento de las posibles complicaciones. Presentamos el caso de un bloqueo espinal completo tras la realización de un bloqueo del ganglio estrellado (AU)

The stellate ganglion refers to the ganglion formed by fusion of the inferior cervical and the first thoracic ganglion. Stellate ganglion blockade is a procedure mainly used for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic painful syndromes. This technique with local anesthetic is a safe procedure, his risk, though infrequent; include seizures, pneumothorax, spinal block and others. These complications can be minimized with adequate monitoring, surveillance and resources in order to diagnostic and treatment of complications. We present a case with spinal block following stellate ganglion blockade (AU)

Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer.

The paper provides a large-scale study into the motion characteristics of top class soccer players, during match play, according to playing position. Three hundred top-class outfield soccer players were monitored during 20 Spanish Premier League and 10 Champions League games using a computerized match analysis system (Amisco Pro, Nice, France). Total distance covered in five selected categories of intensity, and the mean percentage of playing time spent in each activity were analyzed according to playing position. Midfield players covered a significantly greater total distance (p < 0.0001) than the groups of defenders and forwards did. Analyzing the different work rates showed significant differences (p < 0.5 - 0.0001) between the different playing positions. There were no significant differences between halves in the total distance covered, or in distances covered at submaximal and maximal intensities. However, significantly more distance was covered in the first half compared to the second in medium intensities (11.1 - 19 km/h). The current findings provide a detailed description of the demands placed on elite soccer players, according to their positional role at different work intensities, which may be helpful in the development of individualized training programs.

Linfofármacos en el linfedema postmastectomía: revisión sistemática / Lymphodrugs in postmastectomy lymphedema: systematic review

Objetivo. Investigar y contrastar la efectividad de los diferentes linfofármacos utilizados en el tratamiento del linfedema del miembro superior, secundario a radioterapia y/o cirugía por cáncer de mama. Estrategia de búsqueda. Se ha realizado una búsqueda en las bases de datos IME, MD-CONSULT, MEDSCAPE, EXCERPTA MEDICA, OVID, MEDLINE, COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REWIEWS, CINAHL, CANCERLIT y Sociedades Científicas relacionadas con el manejo del linfedema desde 1978 hasta junio de 2004. No hemos seguido ningún protocolo de búsqueda en las bases más extensas por temor a perder información, ni hemos contado con expertos en la estrategia de búsqueda, que ha sido muy laboriosa con introducción de numerosos sinónimos y probables. Selección de artículos. Encontramos 26 trabajos que evaluaban la efectividad de cualquier modalidad de tratamiento farmacológico. Para facilitar su comprensión y lectura se han clasificado en tres grandes grupos en relación con el diseño del estudio, elaborando tablas que recogen las características metodológicas y análisis de datos de cada uno de ellos. En los ensayos clínicos se especifica si hay conflicto de intereses con la industria farmacéutica y/o promotores. Selección de resultados. Se han analizado y seleccionado en función de la calidad metodológica, diseño, tipo de intervención y resultados principales. Síntesis de resultados. Existen muy pocos estudios con suficiente calidad metodológica para extraer conclusiones y sus resultados son contradictorios. Conclusiones. En esta revisión sistemática de la literatura científica no encontramos pruebas fehacientes para recomendar el uso de los linfofármacos en el tratamiento del linfedema postmastectomía

Objective. Investigate and compare the effectiveness of the different lymphodrugs used in the treatment of lymphedema of the upper limb, secondary to radiotherapy and/or surgery due to breast cancer. Search strategy. A search was performed in the following databases IME, MD-CONSULT, MEDSCAPE, EXCERPTA MEDICA, OVID, MEDLINE, COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REWIEWS, CINAHL, CANCERLIT and Scientific Societies related with the management of lymphedema from 1978 to June 2004. We have not followed any search protocol in the most extensive bases for fear of losing information nor have we counted on experts in search strategy, which was very arduous with the introduction of many synonyms and probable synonyms. Article selection. We found 26 papers that evaluated effectivity of any drug treatment modality. To facilitate its understanding and reading, they were classified into three large groups in relationship with the study design, elaborating tables that collect the methodological characteristics and data analysis of each one of them. It is specified in the clinical trials if there is a conflict of interest with the pharmaceutical industry and/or sponsors. Result selection. They were analyzed and selected based on methodology quality, design, type of intervention and main results. Result synthesis. There are very few studies with sufficient methodological quality to draw conclusions and their results are contradictory. Conclusions. There is no clear evidence in this systematic review of the scientific literature to recommend the use of lymphodrugs in the treatment of postmastectomy lymphedema

COMT (Val158Met) polymorphism is not associated to neuropathic pain in a Spanish population.

It is well known that the response to painful stimuli varies between individuals and this could be consequence of individual differences to pain sensitivity that may be related to genetic factors. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of the enzymes that metabolize catecholamine neurotransmitters. Differences in the activity of COMT influence the functions of these neurotransmitters. A single nucleotide polymorphism (Val158Met) of COMT leads to a three to four fold reduction in the activity of the enzyme and has been associated to modifications in the response to a pain stressor. Neuropathic pain is a progressive nervous system disease due to an alteration of the peripheral or central nervous system. To elucidate the possible role of COMT polymorphism in the susceptibility to neuropathic pain, we have performed a case-control study in a Spanish population. Analysis of the (Val158Met) COMT polymorphism was performed by PCR amplification and DNA digestion with restriction enzymes. Our study concludes that functional Val158Met polymorphism of COMT gene is not associated to increased susceptibility to neuropathic pain.

[Epidural spinal cord stimulation for interstitial cystitis]. / Tratamiento de la cistitis intersticial mediante la estimulación de cordones posteriores.

INTRODUCTION: Interstitial cystitis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bladder wall, is highly painful and incapacitating. Urinary frequency and urgency develop, as well as nocturia, dysuria, perineal pain and reduction of bladder capacity. The condition seems to arise from a variety of factors with multiple and diverse pathogenic mechanisms and is refractory to medical and surgical treatment. Because treatments are ineffective and recent studies have implicated an inflammatory neurogenic mechanism in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis, neuromodulation by epidural spinal cord stimulation has been suggested for treating patients in whom other measures have failed. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 66-year-old woman with a 9-year history of urinary incontinence, urinary urgency and suprapubic pain was diagnosed of interstitial cystitis. She was referred to our pain clinic with persistent symptoms after repeated attempts to treat the condition medically. After implantation of a cephalocaudal (retrograde) epidural spinal cord stimulator, pain decreased 80% and the improvement has been maintained with no complications. CONCLUSION: Results from this and previous reports allow us to state that retrograde epidural spinal cord stimulation seems to be a relatively non-invasive therapeutic approach for treating interstitial cystitis that is refractory to conventional treatments.

Determinación de la transición aeróbica-anaeróbica mediante parámetros del modelo respiratorio / Determination of the aerobic-anaerobic transition by means of the breathing parameters

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la relación entre determinados parámetros del modelo respiratorio y la transición aeróbica-anaeróbica. Veintidós varones (24.9 +/- 4.1) años (Media +/- SD) y 11 mujeres (21.7 +/- 2.1) años, realizaron una prueba de esfuerzo máxima. La transición aeróbica-anaeróbica fue analizada mediante dos métodos: 1º el método ventilatorio y 2º el cambio de los tiempos respiratorios y sus inversos. Los criterios para la determinación de los umbrales ventilatorios por ambos métodos fue llevado a cabo por 4 observadores, 2 sin experiencia y 2 con experiencia. La correlación de Pearson para los valores medios de los 4 observadores fue: r= 0.55 +/- 0.23 para VT1 (ventilatory threshold 1) en los varones y r=0.71 +/- 0.09 para el VT1 en las mujeres. La correlación más alta se observó para VT2 (ventilatory threshold 2): r= 0.78 +/- 0.04 (varones) y r= 0.79+/- 0.07 (mujeres). Los resultados muestran evidencia de la actividad central inspiratoria durante la transición aeróbica-anaeróbica, sugiriendo la validez del método propuesto (AU)

No disponible

Bases genéticas del dolor / Genetic foundations of pain

La percepción de la sensación dolorosa es un proceso complejo en el que intervienen mútiples procesos bioquímicos bien conocidos junto con otros de integración cortical desconocidos hasta el momento. La existencia de diferencias individuales en la respuesta al estímulo doloroso es una observación bien conocida que sugiere qué factores genéticos pueden estar implicados en la modulación de la respuesta a estímulos dolorosos. Existen dos aproximaciones experimentales para estudiar la implicación del genotipo en la respuesta al estímulo doloroso, los estudios de ligamiento y los estudios de asociación. Hasta el momento los estudios de ligamiento han permitido asociar mutaciones en el gen TRKA con el síndrome de insensibilidad congénita al dolor con anhidrosis (CIPA) y el gen CACNL1A4 y la migraña hemipléjica familiar (FHM). Los estudios de asociación son escasos y se han centrado principalmente en el estudio de pacientes con migraña. En este trabajo revisamos los estudios llevados a cabo hasta el momento en diferentes laboratorios y planteamos nuevas perspectivas de futuro (AU)

[Effectiveness of epidural administration of saline solutions to prevent or treat postdural puncture headache]. / Eficacia de la administración peridural de soluciones salinas isotónicas en la profilaxis y tratamiento de las cefaleas postpunción dural.

Epidural anesthesia is the most versatile and widely used of the techniques for regional anesthesia. The most common complication of epidural or spinal anesthesia is postdural puncture headache. The loss of cerebrospinal fluid through the hole can be an important causative factor of this cephalalgia. Of the many methods recommended for preventing and treating postdural puncture headache, one is bolus administration or infusion of saline solution into the epidural space, by which both epidural and subarachnoid pressures are increased. We have reviewed the literature evaluating the effectiveness of this technique from 1967 to 2004, using the following search terms: anesthesia, spinal; anesthesia, epidural; analgesia, epidural; headache; postdural puncture treatment or prophylaxis; epidural injection; epidural saline. Few articles were found. The studies had small samples and most did not include a control group. The doses and methods of epidural administration of saline solutions were highly variable and the results were often contradictory. We conclude that using this technique to prevent and/or treat postdural puncture headache is difficult to justify.

Dolor agudo postoperatorio (DAP) en cirugía general / Postoperative acute pain (PAP) in general surgery

No disponible