Neotypification for five names linked to Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) for the endemic flora of Peru and Bolivia.

The names Arenariamattfeldii, A.pallens, A.peruviana, A.pintaudii, and A.stuebelii (Caryophyllaceae, Arenarieae) from Peru and Bolivia were studied and neotypified based on specimens preserved at B and P.

The Genus Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae) in South America: Nomenclatural Review and Taxonomic Notes with the Description of a New Species from North Peru.

All the names in Paronychia described from South America are investigated. Five names (P. arbuscula, P. brasiliana subsp. brasiliana var. pubescens, P. coquimbensis, P. hieronymi, and P. mandoniana) are lecto- or neotypified on specimens preserved at GOET, K, LP, and P. The typification of nine names, first proposed by Chaudhri in 1968 as the "holotype" are corrected according to Art. 9.10 of ICN. Three second-step typifications (Art. 9.17 of ICN) are proposed for P. camphorosmoides, P. communis, and P. hartwegiana. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: P. arequipensis comb. et stat. nov. (basionym: P. microphylla subsp. microphylla var. arequepensis), P. compacta nom. nov. pro P. andina (Philippi non Gray; Art. 53.1 of ICN), P. jujuyensis comb. et stat. nov. (basionym: P. hieronymi subsp. hieronymi var. jujuyensis), P. compacta subsp. boliviana comb. nov. (basionym: P. andina subsp. boliviana), and P. compacta subsp. purpurea comb. nov. (basionym: P. andina subsp. purpurea). A new species (P. glabra sp. nov.) is proposed based on our examination of live plants and herbarium specimens. P. johnstonii subsp. johnstonii var. scabrida is synonymized (syn. nov.) with P. johnstonii. Finally, P. argyrocoma subsp. argyrocoma is excluded from South America since it was based on misidentified specimens (deposited at MO) of P. andina subsp. andina. A total of 30 species (43 taxa including subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, and forms) are recognized, highlighting that for some (Paronychia chilensis, P. communis, P. setigera) we provisionally accept Chaudhri's infraspecific classification, since the high phenotypic variability of these taxa is quite complicated and further investigations need to solve their taxonomy.

Ecohydrology and ecosystem services of a natural and an artificial bofedal wetland in the central Andes.

High-altitude wetlands of the Central Andes, locally known as bofedales, provide important ecosystem services, particularly carbon storage, forage provisioning, and water regulation. Local communities have artificially expanded bofedales by irrigating surrounding grasslands to maximise areas for alpaca grazing. Despite their importance, biophysical processes of both natural and artificial bofedales are still poorly studied, which hinders the development of adequate management and conservation strategies. We analyse and compare the vegetation composition, hydrological variables, groundwater chemistry, and soil characteristics of a natural and an artificial bofedal of at least 10 years old in southern Peru, to understand their interrelations and the consequences for ecosystem service provisioning. We do not find statistically significant differences in the soil, water, and vegetation characteristics. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content, which we use as a proxy for carbon storage, is negatively correlated to dissolved oxygen, pH, and soil water temperature. In addition, Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis shows a positive relation between plant community composition, SOC content, and water electric conductivity. Our results suggest a three-way interaction between hydrological, soil, and vegetation characteristics in the natural bofedal, which also holds for the artificial bofedal. Vegetation cover of two of the most highly nutritious species for alpaca, Lachemilla diplophylla and Lilaeopsis macloviana with 19-22% of crude protein, are weakly or not correlated to environmental variables, suggesting grazing might be obscuring these potential relationships. Given the high economic importance of alpaca breeding for local communities, expanding bofedales artificially appears an effective strategy to enhance their ecosystem services with minimal impact on the ecohydrological properties of bofedales.

Drymaria veliziae (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from the Andes of Cajamarca (North Peru).

A new species from the Northern Peruvian Andes (Cajamarca department), Drymaria veliziae sp. nov., is proposed in the present paper. It grows in the high-elevation montane grasslands and it is morphologically similar to D. auriculipetala from which it differs in having elliptic-ovate leaves, blade margin bases glandular, large number of stipules arranged in a pedicel form at the leaf axis and by the short and glandular pedicels. A detailed description, original photographs and a location map are provided, as well as an updated diagnostic key of Drymaria Ser. Frutescens. The IUCN status of the new species is assessed as Endangered (EN).

Vegetación de un bosque de Polylepis incarum (Rosaceae) en el distrito de Lampa, Puno, Perú

Se estudió la vegetación de los bosques de Polylepis incarum (Bitter) M. Kessler & Schmidt-Lebuhn en el anexo de Lamparaquen, en la provincia de Lampa, departamento de Puno en los años 2009 y 2014. Se determinaron 83 especies vasculares pertenecientes a 35 familias. En cuanto a las formas de vida, dominan las herbáceas, gramíneas, arbustos y árboles, siendo en su mayoría, nativas e endémicas, algunas introducidas. Se identificó el ecosistema queñoal representado por la nueva unidad fitosociológica Lupino chlorolepis-Polylepidetum incari con cuatro subasociaciones respectivamente. La composición florística demuestra una riqueza moderada-alta de especies, siendo las familias con mayor representatividad, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae y Pteridaceae. Se aplicó el método fitosociológico de Braun-Blanquet para el análisis de unidades vegetativas. Se presenta la clasificación de comunidades mediante el software TWINSPAN, el análisis de ordinación DCA con el software CANOCO 4.5 y un dendrograma basado en correlación de especies para cada cuadrante efectuado con el software PC-ORD. Mayores estudios son aún necesarios para tener una visión más amplia de las comunidades de plantas en otras zonas geográficas, y evaluar como la vegetación puede verse afectadas con el cambio climático y acciones antrópicas.

The vegetation of the Polylepis incarum (Bitter) M. Kessler & Schmidt-LeBuhn forests was studied in the Lamparaquen annex in the province of Lampa, Puno department in 2009 and 2014. A total of 83 vascular species belonging to 35 families were determined. The lifeforms are represented by herbs, grasses, shrubs and trees, being mostly native and endemic species with some introduced. The queñoal ecosystem is represented by the new phytosociological unit Lupino chlorolepis-Polylepidetum incari with four subassociations identified. The floristic composition shows a moderate to high species richness, being the most representative families, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae and Pteridaceae. The Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method was applied for the analysis of the vegetation units. The classification of communities was done by means of TWINSPAN software, DCA ordination analysis with CANOCO 4.5 software and a dendrogram based on the correlation of species for each quadrant which was performed with PC-ORD software. Further studies are still needed to have a broader view of the plant communities in other geographic areas, and evaluate how vegetation may be affected by climate change and human actions.

Diversidad florística de la cuenca alta del río Tambo-Ichuña (Moquegua, Perú) / Floristic diversity of the upper basin of the river Tambo-Ichuña (Moquegua, Peru)

La diversidad florística de plantas vasculares es estudiada en la cuenca del río Tambo-Ichuña, la puna y bofedales altoandinos en los distritos de Ichuña, Ubinas y Yunga (3400 – 4700 m de altitud), provincia General Sánchez Cerro, departamento de Moquegua, Perú. La flora vascular de esta región está integrada por 70 familias, 238 géneros y 404 especies. Las Magnoliopsida representan el 78% de las especies, las Liliopsida 16%, Pteridófitos 6% y Gimnospermas 0,5%. Se han identificado diez formas(biológicas) de vida, siendo los hemicriptófitos las más numerosas; y tres formaciones vegetales, constituyendo el matorral subhúmedo el más diverso. Entre especies endémicas, 42 taxones son exclusivos para Perú. Son adicionados 272 especies a la flora del departamento de Moquegua.