SimCol3D - 3D reconstruction during colonoscopy challenge.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. While colonoscopy is an effective screening technique, navigating an endoscope through the colon to detect polyps is challenging. A 3D map of the observed surfaces could enhance the identification of unscreened colon tissue and serve as a training platform. However, reconstructing the colon from video footage remains difficult. Learning-based approaches hold promise as robust alternatives, but necessitate extensive datasets. Establishing a benchmark dataset, the 2022 EndoVis sub-challenge SimCol3D aimed to facilitate data-driven depth and pose prediction during colonoscopy. The challenge was hosted as part of MICCAI 2022 in Singapore. Six teams from around the world and representatives from academia and industry participated in the three sub-challenges: synthetic depth prediction, synthetic pose prediction, and real pose prediction. This paper describes the challenge, the submitted methods, and their results. We show that depth prediction from synthetic colonoscopy images is robustly solvable, while pose estimation remains an open research question.

Endomapper dataset of complete calibrated endoscopy procedures.

Computer-assisted systems are becoming broadly used in medicine. In endoscopy, most research focuses on the automatic detection of polyps or other pathologies, but localization and navigation of the endoscope are completely performed manually by physicians. To broaden this research and bring spatial Artificial Intelligence to endoscopies, data from complete procedures is needed. This paper introduces the Endomapper dataset, the first collection of complete endoscopy sequences acquired during regular medical practice, making secondary use of medical data. Its main purpose is to facilitate the development and evaluation of Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) methods in real endoscopy data. The dataset contains more than 24 hours of video. It is the first endoscopic dataset that includes endoscope calibration as well as the original calibration videos. Meta-data and annotations associated with the dataset vary from the anatomical landmarks, procedure labeling, segmentations, reconstructions, simulated sequences with ground truth and same patient procedures. The software used in this paper is publicly available.

Scientific evidence on the efficacy of effervescent tablets for cleaning removable prostheses. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Scientific evidence to determine the optimal method of cleaning and disinfecting removable prostheses is lacking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of effervescent tablets in the cleaning and sanitizing of removable prostheses compared with other chemical and physical methods by assessing the reduction of biofilm, microbial levels, and material stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic literature search and meta-analysis was conducted in August 2021 in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials published in English were included without publication year limits. A total of 23 studies were included in the systematic review and 6 in the meta-analysis, which had been registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42021274019). The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias of randomized clinical trials. The physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale was used to analyze the internal validity of clinical trials by assessing the quality of the data obtained. The studies included in the meta-analysis were combined by using a random-effects model with the inverse variance method. Publication bias was analyzed by using the Duvall and Tweedie trim-and-fill method. RESULTS: With regard to biofilm reduction, the standardized mean difference estimated with the 4 studies combined in the meta-analysis was P=.012: mean difference=-1.92; 95% confidence interval=-3.45 to -0.38, indicating a "large" effect of the combination of brushing and effervescent tablet versus brushing alone. To estimate the reduction in the total bacteria levels in the 3 combined studies, a "large" effect size was obtained for the combination of brushing and using an effervescent tablet versus brushing alone, P<.001: mean difference=-4.43; 95% confidence interval=-8.29 to -0.55. Finally, when the 3 studies were combined to assess the reduction of Candida or fungal infection, a "moderate" effect size was obtained for the combination of brushing combined with the use of an effervescent tablet, P<.001: mean difference=-0.78; 95% confidence interval=-1.19 to -0.37. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of brushing and the use of effervescent tablets versus brushing alone had a significantly higher effect on reducing biofilm and bacterial counts and a moderate effect on reducing Candida. Regarding color and dimensional stability, few studies were found, with the results depending on the concentration of the product and the immersion time of the device.

Expression and Impact of Adenosine A3 Receptors on Calcium Homeostasis in Human Right Atrium.

Increased adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) expression and activation underlies a higher incidence of spontaneous calcium release in atrial fibrillation (AF). Adenosine A3 receptors (A3R) could counteract excessive A2AR activation, but their functional role in the atrium remains elusive, and we therefore aimed to address the impact of A3Rs on intracellular calcium homeostasis. For this purpose, we analyzed right atrial samples or myocytes from 53 patients without AF, using quantitative PCR, patch-clamp technique, immunofluorescent labeling or confocal calcium imaging. A3R mRNA accounted for 9% and A2AR mRNA for 32%. At baseline, A3R inhibition increased the transient inward current (ITI) frequency from 0.28 to 0.81 events/min (p < 0.05). Simultaneous stimulation of A2ARs and A3Rs increased the calcium spark frequency seven-fold (p < 0.001) and the ITI frequency from 0.14 to 0.64 events/min (p < 0.05). Subsequent A3R inhibition caused a strong additional increase in the ITI frequency (to 2.04 events/min; p < 0.01) and increased phosphorylation at s2808 1.7-fold (p < 0.001). These pharmacological treatments had no significant effects on L-type calcium current density or sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium load. In conclusion, A3Rs are expressed and blunt spontaneous calcium release at baseline and upon A2AR-stimulation in human atrial myocytes, pointing to A3R activation as a means to attenuate physiological and pathological elevations of spontaneous calcium release events.

Spatial Distribution of Calcium Sparks Determines Their Ability to Induce Afterdepolarizations in Human Atrial Myocytes.

Analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of calcium sparks showed a preferential increase in sparks near the sarcolemma in atrial myocytes from patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), linked to higher ryanodine receptor (RyR2) phosphorylation at s2808 and lower calsequestrin-2 levels. Mathematical modeling, incorporating modulation of RyR2 gating, showed that only the observed combinations of RyR2 phosphorylation and calsequestrin-2 levels can account for the spatio-temporal distribution of sparks in patients with and without AF. Furthermore, we demonstrate that preferential calcium release near the sarcolemma is key to a higher incidence and amplitude of afterdepolarizations in atrial myocytes from patients with AF.

Perception of health, quality of life and functional capacity in adults and elderly after hospitalization due to complications of COVID-19 - a longitudinal study with 6-month follow-up / Percepción de salud, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional en adultos y ancianos poshospitalización por complicaciones del COVID-19 - estudio longitudinal con seguimiento de seis meses / Percepção de saúde, qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional em adultos e idosos pós-internação hospitalar em função de complicações da COVID-19 - estudo longitudinal com follow-up de seis meses

ABSTRACT The study aims to evaluate the perception of health, quality of life and functional capacity during six months after COVID-19-related hospitalization. This is a prospective longitudinal study carried out at Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) in partnership with the Instituto Ânima Brasil. Thirteen adult participants, including young and older adults, were evaluated, had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and were hospitalized. A characterization and interdisciplinary questionnaire built by the researchers was used to assess health perception, quality of life, and functional capacity of participants. In this study, participants were followed for a 6-month period and the main results obtained were: the identification of a significant increase in walking time after three months (p=0.002) as well as an improvement in the perception of quality of life (p=0.002). In addition, the levels of tiredness and physical activity were evaluated; the mean responses were "little tired" and "irregularly active," respectively, and remained unchanged over six months. Considering that patients who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 showed a reduction in the perception of quality of life and walking time soon after the hospital period, it was identified that over time they tend to improve these perceptions.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la percepción de salud, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional durante seis meses posteriores a la hospitalización por COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo longitudinal, realizado en la Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) y el Instituto Ânima Brasil. Se evaluaron a trece participantes, entre adultos jóvenes y adultos mayores, que tenían diagnóstico confirmado del COVID-19 y se encontraban hospitalizados por complicaciones de esa enfermedad. Se utilizó un cuestionario de caracterización e interdisciplinario elaborado por los investigadores para evaluar la percepción de salud, la calidad de vida y la capacidad funcional de los participantes. En este estudio se realizó seguimiento de los participantes durante un período de seis meses, y los principales resultados fueron: un significativo aumento en el tiempo de caminata después de tres meses (p=0,002), así como una mejora en la percepción de la calidad de vida (p=0,002). Además, se evaluaron los niveles de cansancio y de actividad física, y las respuestas medias fueron "poco cansado" e "irregularmente activo", las cuales se mantuvieron sin cambios durante seis meses. Considerando que los pacientes que fueron hospitalizados por COVID-19 presentaron una reducción en la percepción de calidad de vida y en el tiempo de marcha tras el período en el hospital, se identificó que con el tiempo tienden a mejorar estas percepciones.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a percepção de saúde, a qualidade de vida e a capacidade funcional dos pacientes durante seis meses após a internação por COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo de delineamento prospectivo longitudinal realizado na Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) em parceria com o Instituto Ânima Brasil. Foram avaliados 13 participantes adultos, entre jovens e idosos, que apresentaram diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 e foram internados. Foi utilizado um questionário de caracterização e interdisciplinar construído especificamente para inquirir a percepção de saúde, a qualidade de vida e a capacidade funcional dos participantes. Neste estudo, eles foram acompanhados no período de seis meses, e os principais resultados obtidos foram: a identificação do aumento significativo no tempo de caminhada após três meses (p=0,002), bem como a melhora na percepção de qualidade de vida (p=0,002). Além disso, foram avaliados os níveis de cansaço e de prática de atividade física, e as respostas médias foram, respectivamente, "pouco cansaço" e "irregularmente ativo", as quais se mantiveram inalteradas ao longo de seis meses. Tendo em vista que os pacientes que foram submetidos à internação hospitalar devido à COVID-19 apresentaram redução da percepção de qualidade de vida e do tempo de caminhada logo após o período hospitalar, foi identificado que, com o decorrer do tempo, eles demonstraram tendência de melhora dessas percepções.

Considerações da percepção dos cuidadores diante do cuidado com pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica / Considerations of the caregivers' perception regarding the care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / Consideraciones de percepción profesional antes de cuidar a pacientes con esclerosis amiotrófica lateral

Objetivo: Analisar as considerações dos cuidadores de pacientes diagnosticados com esclerose lateral amiotrófica para obtenção de melhor compreensão quanto sua saúde mental. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter narrativo, realizada através das bases BVS Brasil, BVSalud, Lilacs, Pepsic e site da ABRELA, entre abril e maio de 2020. Foram incluídos artigos no idioma português onde considera-se cuidadores, saúde mental relacionados a pacientes diagnosticados com esclerose lateral amiotrófica. Resultados: Desde os primeiros sintomas de esclerose lateral amiotrófica até o momento da morte, o paciente e seu cuidador, passam por perturbações emocionais e sociais significativas, das quais contribuem negativamente na qualidade de vida de ambos. Os cuidadores, em sua maioria mulheres e parentes, apresentaram níveis de sobrecarga percebida e atenção negligenciada a si mesmos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os cuidadores necessitam de maiores ferramentas que possibilitem a manutenção de seus aspectos psicológicos, gerando maior qualidade de vida (AU).

Objective: To analyze the caregivers' considerations regarding patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to obtain a better understanding of their mental health. Method: This is an integrative review of the literature of a narrative character, carried out through the VHL Brazil, BVSalud, Lilacs, Pepsic databases and ABRELA, between April and May 2020. Articles in Portuguese were included, including caregivers, mental health related to patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Results: From the first symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to the moment of death, the patient and his caregiver undergo significant emotional and social disturbances, which contribute negatively to the quality of life of both. Caregivers, mostly women and relatives, had levels of perceived overload and neglected attention to themselves. Conclusion: It is concluded that caregivers need greater tools that enable the maintenance of their psychological aspects, generating greater quality of life (AU).

Objetivo: Analizar las consideraciones de los cuidadores de pacientes diagnosticados de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica para conocer mejor su salud mental. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura de carácter narrativo, realizada a través de las bases de datos BVS Brasil, BVSalud, Lilacs, Pepsic y sitio web ABRELA, entre abril y mayo de 2020. Se incluyeron artículos en portugués, incluyendo cuidadores, salud mental relacionados con pacientes diagnosticados con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Resultados: Desde los primeros síntomas de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica hasta el momento de la muerte, el paciente y su cuidador sufren importantes trastornos emocionales y sociales, que contribuyen negativamente a la calidad de vida de ambos. Los cuidadores, en su mayoría mujeres y familiares, tenían niveles de sobrecarga percibida y descuidaban la atención hacia ellos mismos. Conclusión: Se concluye que los cuidadores necesitan mayores herramientas que permitan el mantenimiento de sus aspectos psicológicos, generando mayor calidad de vida (AU).

Problemáticas na aprendizagem na pandemia COVID-19: Diretrizes e ferramentas educacionais / Learning issues in the COVID-19 pandemic: Educational guidelines and tools

Aprimoramento no processo educacional tem sido enfoque de profissionais distintos a fim de proporcionar benefícios ao aluno no processo de aprendizagem ou no seu desenvolvimento psicológico, físico e social. Entretanto, em decorrência da pandemia de COVID-19, fez-se necessário a adaptação para um novo contexto e, em específico, que atendesse às demandas da educação básica transpassando as atividades, até então presenciais, para o modelo digital. Mediante a esse cenário, este estudo perpassa as diretrizes que orientam os profissionais da educação, as problemáticas oriundas do ensino remoto e as ferramentas tecnológicas para a prática do ensino no período citado. Com base no arcabouço teórico disponível, o presente estudo pautou-se em uma revisão narrativa da literatura científica. Os achados indicam a importância das diretrizes enquanto políticas públicas para a unificação do processo educacional e estratégias para a adaptação na utilização de ferramentas digitais. Porém, o contexto de ensino remoto, seja por meio de aulas síncronas ou assíncronas, também enfatiza a desigualdade social persistente no Brasil e outros prejuízos ao aluno, sejam eles desenvolvimentais ou relacionados à aprendizagem. Com isso, são evidenciados prejuízos para alunos que apresentam uma condição socioeconômica inferior, que tendem a não possuir acesso a estas diferentes tecnologias e, independentemente desse fator, os prejuízos educacionais presentes no processo da aprendizagem e nas dinâmicas não realizadas no ambiente escolar devido ao distanciamento social.

Improvement in the educational process has been the focus of different professionals in order to provide benefits to the student in the learning process or in their psychological, physical and social development. However, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was necessary to adapt to a new context and, in particular, to meet the demands of basic education, transferring the activities, until then face-to-face, to the digital model. Given this scenario, this study permeates the guidelines that guide education professionals, the problems arising from remote teaching and the technological tools for the practice of teaching in the aforementioned period. Based on the available theoretical framework, the present study was based on a narrative review of the scientific literature. The findings indicate the importance of guidelines as public policies for the unification of the educational process and strategies for adapting to the use of digital tools. However, the context of remote teaching, whether through synchronous or asynchronous classes, also emphasizes persistent social inequality in Brazil and other damages to the student, whether developmental or related to learning. As a result, losses are evident for students who have a lower socioeconomic condition, who tend not to have access to these different technologies and, regardless of this factor, the educational losses present in the learning process and in the dynamics not carried out in the school environment due to the social distance.

ß2-adrenergic stimulation potentiates spontaneous calcium release by increasing signal mass and co-activation of ryanodine receptor clusters.

AIMS: It is unknown how ß-adrenergic stimulation affects calcium dynamics in individual RyR2 clusters and leads to the induction of spontaneous calcium waves. To address this, we analysed spontaneous calcium release events in green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged RyR2 clusters. METHODS: Cardiomyocytes from mice with GFP-tagged RyR2 or human right atrial tissue were subjected to immunofluorescent labelling or confocal calcium imaging. RESULTS: Spontaneous calcium release from single RyR2 clusters induced 91.4% ± 2.0% of all calcium sparks while 8.0% ± 1.6% were caused by release from two neighbouring clusters. Sparks with two RyR2 clusters had 40% bigger amplitude, were 26% wider, and lasted 35% longer at half maximum. Consequently, the spark mass was larger in two- than one-cluster sparks with a median and interquartile range for the cumulative distribution of 15.7 ± 20.1 vs 7.6 ± 5.7 a.u. (P < .01). ß2-adrenergic stimulation increased RyR2 phosphorylation at s2809 and s2815, tripled the fraction of two- and three-cluster sparks, and significantly increased the spark mass. Interestingly, the amplitude and mass of the calcium released from a RyR2 cluster were proportional to the SR calcium load, but the firing rate was not. The spark mass was also higher in 33 patients with atrial fibrillation than in 36 without (22.9 ± 23.4 a.u. vs 10.7 ± 10.9; P = .015). CONCLUSIONS: Most sparks are caused by activation of a single RyR2 cluster at baseline while ß-adrenergic stimulation doubles the mass and the number of clusters per spark. This mimics the shift in the cumulative spark mass distribution observed in myocytes from patients with atrial fibrillation.

A influência da idade nos níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva de atletas de esportes coletivos / The influence of age on pre-competitive anxiety levels of team sports athletes / La influencia de la edad en los niveles de ansiedad precompetitiva en deportistas de deportes colectivos

Objetivo: Objetivou-se investigar a influência da idade no nível de ansiedade pré-competitiva de atletas de esportes coletivos. Metodologia: Participaram 27 atletas de ambos os sexos, divididos em dois grupos: atletas até 20 anos de idade (14 participantes) e atletas acima de 21 anos de idade (13 participantes). Utilizou-se o CSAI-2r e o questionário de caracterização da amostra. Resultados e discussão: Os resultados demonstraram que os dois grupos apresentaram níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva similares, mas o grupo de atletas mais velhos apresentou escores superiores para autoconfiança. Conclusão:Pode-se concluir que a idade não influenciou os resultados de ansiedade pré-competitiva, mas os escores de autoconfiança do grupo de atletas mais velhos foram superiores, sugerindo que a idade pode ter influenciado os níveis de autoconfiança.

Objective:The objective was to investigate the influence of age on the pre-competitive anxiety level of team sports athletes.Methodology:27 athletes of both sexes participated, divided into two groups: athletes up to 20 years of age (14 participants) and athletes over 21 years of age (13 participants). The CSAI-2r and the sample characterization questionnaire were used.Results and discussion:The results showed that the two groups had similar levels of pre-competitive anxiety, but the group of older athletes had higher scores for self-confidence.conclusion: It can be concluded that age did not influence the pre-competitive anxiety results, but the self-confidence scores of the older athlete's group were higher, suggesting that age may have influenced the levels of self-confidence.

Objetivo: El objetivo fue investigar la influencia de la edad en el nivel de ansiedad precompetitiva de atletas de deportes colectivos.Metodología: Participaron 27 deportistas de ambos sexos, divididos en dos grupos: deportistas hasta 20 años (14 participantes) y deportistas mayores de 21 años (13 participantes). Se utilizó el CSAI-2r y el cuestionario de caracterización de la muestra.Resultados y discusión: Los resultados mostraron que los dos grupos tenían niveles similares de ansiedad precompetitiva, pero el grupo de atletas mayores tenía puntajes más altos en autoconfianza.Conclusión: Se puede concluir que la edad no influyó en los resultados de ansiedad precompetitiva, pero los puntajes de autoconfianza del grupo de atletas mayores fueron más altos, lo que sugiere que la edad puede haber influido en los niveles de autoconfianza.

Relação entre o bem-estar subjetivo e o autocuidado em cuidadores em tempos pandêmicos / Relationship between subjective well-being and self-care among caregivers in pandemic times

O autocuidado se refere à práticas de prevenção de doenças e de manutenção da saúde. A capacidade de autocuidado pode ser um fator importante em diferentes condições e contextos, e associados aos aspectos da saúde do indivíduo podem proporcionar benefícios diretos a esta pessoa. Durante a Pandemia (COVID-19) esta capacidade pode estar diminuída ou prejudicada, e ainda imbricado com aspectos afetivos, de forma a influenciar o seu bem-estar subjetivo, ou seja, afetar sua avaliação do próprio bem-estar. Assim, esse Estudo teve como Objetivo avaliar a relação entre capacidade de autocuidado e a atribuição afetiva (positiva ou negativa) de adultos que atuam como cuidadores, dos gêneros masculino e feminino. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos e a Escala para Avaliar as Capacidades de Autocuidado. Após a análise de frequência das variáveis, passou-se a análise de correlação de Pearson e por meio dela foram reveladas associações moderadas (médio altas) entre a medida de afeto positivo e autocuidado (r=0,62; p=0,000) e afeto negativo e autocuidado, neste caso, com coeficiente negativo (r=-0,42; p=0,000), indicando assim, que pessoas tendem a ter mais autocuidado, apresentar melhor afeto positivo e menor afeto negativo, respectivamente. Pôde-se inferir a ideia de que bem-estar e qualidade de vida estão imbricados à atribuição afetiva do indivíduo.

Self-care refers to disease prevention and health maintenance practices. Self-care capacity can be an important factor in different conditions and contexts and when associated with aspects of an individual's health it can provide direct benefits to this person. During the Pandemic (COVID-19) this ability may be diminished or impaired, and even hindered with affective aspects, influencing their subjective well-being, that is, affecting their assessment of their own well-being. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between self-care capacity and the affective attribution (positive or negative) of male and female adults who act as caregivers. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Scale to Assess Self-Care Capabilities. After analyzing the frequency of the variables, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed and through it, moderate associations (medium high) were revealed between the measure of positive affect and self-care (r=0.62; p=0.000) and negative affect and self-care, in this case, with a negative coefficient (r=-0.42; p=0.000); thus, this indicates that people tend to have more self-care, have better positive affects and less negative affects, respectively. It was possible to infer the idea that well-being and quality of life are intertwined with the affective attribution of the individual.

Myopericarditis as a Manifestation of Long COVID Syndrome.

The main presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is respiratory. However, there are extrapulmonary manifestations such as myocardial and pericardial injury. The term long COVID syndrome describes the persistence of symptoms in patients who have recovered from the infection. A 31-year-old man presented with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms for three days. Two weeks later, he developed chest pain, pericardial rub, and pericardial effusion; he underwent echocardiography showing pericarditis and an MRI which revealed inferoseptal hypokinesia and mild global myocardial hyperintensity, cardiac scintigraphy with Ga-67, and an inflammatory process in the myocardium. He was treated with methylprednisolone pulse (1g IV/day) and tapering prednisone (5 mg/day), with gradual evolution of symptoms for one year. In conclusion, this is a patient without comorbidities with clinical, laboratory, and imaging diagnosis of myopericarditis as a manifestation of long COVID syndrome.

Status atual do tratamento em uma sessão para fobias específicas / Current status of one-session treatment for specific phobias

O tratamento em uma sessão (OST) é uma forma de exposição intensa para o tratamento das fobias especificas. O OST combina técnicas de exposição ao vivo, reestruturação cognitiva, modelagem participativa e reforço positivo em uma única sessão de 03 horas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os artigos indexados nas bases de dados Medline e Psycinfo no período entre 2009 e 2020, identificando estudos sobre a eficácia do OST nas fobias especificas. A amostra final foi constituída por 13 artigos. Todos os artigos atestaram a eficácia positiva dessa forma de tratamento nos diversos estímulos fóbicos tratados. Uma maior divulgação do OST deve ser incentivada no Brasil, para que as pessoas acometidas por esse transtorno de ansiedade possam se beneficiar dos efeitos muito bem estabelecidos dessa forma de tratamento.(AU)

One-session treatment (OST) is a form of massed exposure therapy for the treatment of specific phobias. OST combines in vivo exposure techniques, cognitive restructuring, participant modeling and positive reinforcement in a single session of 03 hours. This study aimed to examine the articles indexed on the databases of Medline and Psycinfo in the period between 2009 and 2020, to identifying studies on the effectiveness of OST in specific phobias. The final sample consisted of 13 articles. Articles attested to the positive effectiveness of this form of treatment in the various specific phobic disorders. Greater dissemination of OST should be encouraged in Brazil, so that people affected by this anxiety disorder can benefit from the well-established effects of this form of treatment.(AU)

Comparação dos níveis de coesão de grupo entre atletas de esportes coletivos de diferentes idades / Comparison of group cohesion levels between collective sport athletes of different ages

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar o nível de coesão de grupo de atletas amadores de esportes coletivos e comparar os níveis de coesão entre atletas mais jovens e atletas mais velhos. Para isso, participaram do estudo, de forma voluntária, 35 atletas de esportes coletivos com idade entre 15 e 38 anos (21,37 ± 5,46), de ambos os sexos. Todos os atletas participaram dos jogos regionais de um mesmo ano, defendendo a mesma cidade. Os atletas foram divididos em dois grupos amostrais: G1 ­ grupo com atletas até 19 anos (17 participantes com idade de 17,50 ± 1,15); G2 ­ grupo com atletas acima de 19 anos (18 participantes com idade de 25,47 ± 5,41). Os atletas preencheram o Termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE) e o termo de assentimento, no caso dos menores de idade. Todos participantes responderam ao Questionário de Ambiente de Grupo ­ QEG. As análises foram realizadas com o uso de testes não-paramétricos, pois não houve normalidade nos dados. Os resultados demonstraram que os atletas investigados apresentaram coesão de grupo elevada, principalmente influenciada pelas dimensões AI-T (atração individual no grupo-tarefa) e GI-T (integração no grupo-tarefa), independentemente de a análise ser com todos os participantes ou por grupo. Além disso, os resultados não demonstraram diferenças entre os atletas mais jovens e os atletas mais velhos, ou seja, os dois grupos apresentaram resultados similares. Diante dos resultados, pode-se tecer que os atletas investigados apresentaram resultados superiores em prol da tarefa, o que pode ter relação com a busca em demonstrar bons resultados ou com o estilo de liderança dos técnicos. (AU)

The present study aimed to investigate the group cohesion level of team sports amateur athletes and to compare the cohesion levels between younger and older athletes. For this, they participated in the study voluntarily, 35 team athletes aged between 15 and 38 years (21,37 ± 5,46) of both sexes participated in the study. All athletes participated in the regional games of the same year, defending the same city. The athletes were divided into two sample groups: G1 - group with athletes up to 19 years old (17 participants aged 17,50 ± 1,15); G2 - group with athletes over 19 years old (18 participants aged 25,47 ± 5,41). The athletes completed the Term of Free and Informed Consent (TCLE) and the consent form in the case of minors. All participants answered the Group Environment Questionnaire - QEG. The analyzes were performed using non-parametric tests, as there was no normality in the data. The results showed that the investigated athletes presented high group cohesion, mainly influenced by the AI-T (individual attraction in the task group) and GI-T (integration in the task group) dimensions, regardless of whether the analysis was with all participants or by group. In addition, the results showed no differences between younger and older athletes, that is, both groups presented similar results. Given the results, it can be said that the athletes investigated presented superior results in favor of the task, which may have to do with the pursuit of demonstrating good results or with the leadership style of the coaches. (AU)

Corrigendum: Self-Perception of Changes in Routines in Adults and Older Adults Associated to Social Distancing Due to COVID-19-A Study in São Paulo, Brazil.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607559.].

Clinical outcomes after implantation of a sutureless aortic bioprosthesis with concomitant mitral valve surgery: the SURE-AVR registry.

BACKGROUND: Early treatment of aortic valve stenosis is recommended in eligible symptomatic patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who would otherwise have a poor prognosis. The sutureless aortic valve bioprosthesis offers an alternative to standard aortic valve replacement with a sutured valve, but limited data are available in patients who have undergone multiple valve procedures involving the new, sutureless technology. We sought to investigate outcomes in high operative risk patients with previous or concomitant valve surgery who were implanted with a sutureless valve. METHODS: SURE-AVR is an ongoing, prospective, multinational registry of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. In-hospital and post-discharge outcomes up to 5 years were collected. RESULTS: The study population comprised 78 patients (mean ± SD: age 73.6 ± 7.6 years, logistic EuroSCORE 18.0 ± 17.5) enrolled at 13 sites who presented for concomitant or previous mitral valve repair (n = 45) or replacement (n = 33), with or without additional concomitant procedures, and were implanted with a sutureless valve. Mean ± SD overall aortic cross-clamp time was 109 ± 41 min and cardiopulmonary bypass time was 152 ± 49 min. Mean ± SD aortic pressure gradients decreased from 37.6 ± 17.7 mmHg preoperatively to 13.0 ± 5.7 mmHg at hospital discharge, and peak aortic pressure gradient from 61.5 ± 28.7 to 23.4 ± 10.6 mmHg. Early events included 1 death, 1 transient ischaemic attack, and 1 bleed (all 1.3%); a permanent pacemaker implantation was required in 6 patients (7.7%), and 2 reoperations (not valve related) (2.6%) took place. Over a median follow-up of 55.5 months (Q1 13.4, Q3 68.6), 12 patients died (6 cardiovascular and 6 non-cardiovascular, both 2.1% per patient-year). Five-year survival was 81.3%. Late paravalvular leak occurred in 2 patients (0.7% per patient-year) and permanent pacemaker implantation was required in 3 patients (0.1% per patient-year). There was no apparent rise in mean or peak aortic pressure gradient over the study. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the sutureless implant is a technically feasible procedure during mitral surgery and is associated with good clinical outcomes.

Adenosine A2A Receptors Are Upregulated in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Atrial Fibrillation Patients.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. While some clinical parameters may predict the transition from paroxysmal to persistent AF, the molecular mechanisms behind the AF perpetuation are poorly understood. Thus, oxidative stress, calcium overload and inflammation, among others, are believed to be involved in AF-induced atrial remodelling. Interestingly, adenosine and its receptors have also been related to AF development and perpetuation. Here, we investigated the expression of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) both in right atrium biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from non-dilated sinus rhythm (ndSR), dilated sinus rhythm (dSR) and AF patients. In addition, plasma adenosine content and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in these subjects were also determined. Our results revealed increased A2AR expression in the right atrium from AF patients, as previously described. Interestingly, increased levels of adenosine content and reduced ADA activity in plasma from AF patients were detected. An increase was observed when A2AR expression was assessed in PBMCs from AF subjects. Importantly, a positive correlation (P=0.001) between A2AR expression in the right atrium and PBMCs was observed. Overall, these results highlight the importance of the A2AR in AF and suggest that the evaluation of this receptor in PBMCs may be potentially be useful in monitoring disease severity and the efficacy of pharmacological treatments in AF patients.

Self-Perception of Changes in Routines in Adults and Older Adults Associated to Social Distancing Due to COVID-19-A Study in São Paulo, Brazil.

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness with higher mortality in older adults. This condition is spread person-to-person through close contact, and among policies employed to decrease transmission are the improvement of hygiene habits and physical distancing. Although social distancing has been recognized as the best way to prevent the transmission, there are concerns that it may promote increased depression symptoms risk and anxiety, mainly in older adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to verify self-concept of social distancing in adults compared to older adults. All participants, over 18 years and residents of São Paulo state (Brazil), were invited to join this research study by a message application and answered an interdisciplinary questionnaire during the period from May 23 to June 23, 2020. The questions were divided into the following aspects: sociodemographic data, financial conditions, routine-related perception, perception of health, physical and emotional state, and eating habits. The younger adult group was composed of 139 participants, with a mean age of 43.15 years (±10.92), and the older adult group was composed of 437 participants with a mean age of 67.59 years (±6.13) of both sex. Changes in routine during the period of social distance were reported by 95% of adults and 96.8% of older adults, but adults indicated more significant alterations in routine. Although there was no difference between groups for several aspects, adults revealed greater alterations in sleep quality, evacuation frequency, and more difficulty to perform daily activities at home. Further studies are necessary to follow up the impacts of social distancing among adults and older adults in different socioeconomic contexts to better understand the long-term alterations and the necessity of interventions.

Percepción del respeto y mantenimiento de la dignidad en pacientes hospitalizados / Perception of respect and maintenance of dignity in hospitalized patients / Percepção do respeito e manutenção da dignidade em pacientes hospitalizados

La dignidad del paciente puede verse afectada en el transcurso de la hospitalización por conductas observables de los profesionales. A pesar de su importancia, existen pocos instrumentos para evaluarla. Mediante un estudio transversal, descriptivo, analítico y cuantitativo, se evalúa la percepción de dignidad del paciente con el "Cuestionario de percepción de dignidad de paciente hospitalizado (CuPDPH)", en español y validado. La muestra estuvo formada por 148 hombres y 138 mujeres, con una media de edad de 62.82 (DE 4.05). No se detectó diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones y las variables sociodemográficas. Los resultados permiten identificar puntos fuertes y áreas de mejora en el cuidado y respeto a la dignidad de las personas hospitalizadas. Profundizar en el tema resulta una oportunidad en el camino hacia la excelencia profesional, defendiendo las competencias técnica y ética.

Dignity is a fundamental concept that can be modified during hospitalization by the behavior of professionals. Despite its importance, there are few instruments to evaluate it. A transversal, descriptive, analytical and quantitative study evaluates the patient's perception of dignity based on the "Cuestionario de percepción de dignidad de paciente hospitalizado (CuPDPH)" in Spanish and validated. The sample was composed of 148 men and 138 women with an average age of 62.82 (SD 4.05). No significant differences were found in the scores and sociodemographic variables. The results allow us to identify highlights and areas of improvement in the care and respect for the dignity of hospitalized persons. Going deeper into the topic is an opportunity, on the way to professional excellence, defending technical competence and ethical competence.

Resumo A dignidade do paciente pode ser afetada no transcurso da hospitalização por condutas observáveis dos profissionais. Apesar de sua importância, existem poucos instrumentos para avalia-la. Mediante um estudo transversal, descritivo, analítico e quantitativo, avalia-se a percepção da dignidade do paciente com o "Questionário de percepção da dignidade de paciente hospitalizado (CuPDPH, sigla em espanhol)", em espanhol e validado. A amostra foi constituída por 148 homens e 138 mulheres, com uma média de idade de 62,82 (DP 4,05). Não se detectaram diferenças significativas nas pontuações e nas variáveis sócio-demográficas. Os resultados permitem identificar pontos fortes e áreas de melhora no cuidado e respeito à dignidade das pessoas hospitalizadas. Aprofundarse no tema representa uma oportunidade no caminho à excelência profissional, defendendo as competências técnica e ética.