Factores que influyen en la atribución de la pensión de sobrevivencia en una administradora de fondos de pensiones colombiana, 2006-2011 / Factors that influence the approval of the survivor's pension in a Colombian pension fund administrator, 2006-2011 / Fatores que influenciam a atribuição da pensão de sobrevivência em um gestor de fundos de pensão colombiano, 2006-2011

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar cómo influyen los factores sociodemográficos, ocupacionales, de siniestralidad y de afiliación en la aprobación o no de la pensión de sobrevivencia en una administradora de fondos de pensiones colombiana entre 2006 y 2011. Metodología: Estudio de corte a partir de los formularios de investigación causal del fallecimiento, pensión obligatoria y registro civil de defunción. Se analizaron estadísticamente los datos y mediante un modelo multivariado de regresión logística se evaluó el desenlace de aprobación de la solicitud pensional por sobrevivencia. Resultados: La edad promedio de los aprobados fue de 35,9 (± 9,6) y de 34,3 (± 10,4), siendo una diferencia significativa (valor p = 0,00). La mayoría de causantes fueron hombres (80,9 %), pero las mujeres tuvieron mayor porcentaje de aprobación, con diferencias significativas (valor p = 0,01). La aprobación de la solicitud fue mayor entre los 25 y 39 años. La mayoría de las reclamaciones fueron por accidentes (61,3 %), con una aprobación del 35,1 %. Las solicitudes por enfermedades fueron aprobadas en 43,5 %. Las causas externas constituyeron el principal motivo de muerte, con un 56,6 % del total, desagregadas principalmente como: muerte violenta (47,8 %), accidente no especificado (30,2 %) y accidente de tránsito (11,3 %). Conclusiones: Este trabajo aporta evidencia desde Colombia sobre cómo la aprobación de la pensión estuvo asociada con la edad del afiliado fallecido y con las características del siniestro, que lo catalogan como accidente o enfermedad, la hora de ocurrencia, la ocurrencia en horas laborales y la causa de la muerte.

Abstract Objective: To identify how sociodemographic, occupational, accident-related and affiliation factors influence the approval or non-approval of survivor's pension in a Colombian pension fund administrator between 2006 and 2011. Methodology: Cohort study based on the causal investigation forms relating to death, mandatory pension and death certificate. Data was statistically analyzed and the outcome regarding the approval of the survivor's pension request was evaluated through a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The average age of approved cases was 35.9 (± 9.6) and 34.3 (± 10.4); a significant difference (value p = 0.00). Most of the deceased were men (80.9%), but women had a higher percentage of approval, with significant differences (p value = 0.01). Approval of the application was higher between 25 and 39 years of age. The majority of claims involved accidents (61.3%), with an approval of 35.1%. Applications involving diseases were approved in 43.5%. External causes were the main cause of death, with 56.6% of the total, divided mainly into: violent death (47.8%), unspecified accident (30.2%) and traffic collision (11.3%). Conclusions: This work provides evidence of how, in Colombia, the approval of the pension was associated with the age of the deceased member, the characteristics of the event (which is classified as an accident or a disease), the time of occurrence, the occurrence during working hours and the cause of death.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar como fatores sócio demográficos, ocupacionais, acidentes e afiliação influenciam a aprovação ou não da pensão de sobrevivência em uma administradora de fundos de pensão colombiano entre 2006 e 2011. Metodologia: Estudo de coorte baseado nas formas de investigação causal da morte, pensão obrigatória e registro civil post mortem. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e, através de um modelo de regressão logística multivariada, foi avaliado o resultado da aprovação do pedido de pensão por sobrevivência. Resultados: A idade média dos aprovados foi de 35,9 (± 9,6) e 34,3 (± 10,4), com diferença significativa (valor p. (0,00 = A maioria dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino (80,9 %), mas as mulheres apresentaram maior percentual de aprovação, com diferenças significativas (valor p. (0,01 = A aprovação do pedido foi maior entre 25 e 39 anos. A maioria dos sinistros se deveu a acidentes (61,3 %), com aprovação de 35,1%. Os pedidos de doenças foram aprovados em 43,5 %. As causas externas foram a principal causa de morte, com 56,6 % do total, sendo desagregadas principalmente por: morte violenta (47,8%), acidente não especificado (30,2%) e acidente de trânsito (11,3%). Conclusões: Este estudo fornece evidências da Colômbia sobre a aprovação da pensão foi associada com a idade do membro falecido e as características do acidente, catalogando-o como um acidente ou doença, tempo de ocorrência, a ocorrência durante o horário de trabalho e causa da morte.

Caracterización de factores relacionados con la reclamación y aprobación de pensiones de invalidez por enfermedad común en población trabajadora colombiana entre 2006-2011 / Characterization of factors related to the application for and approval of pensions due to common diseases among the Colombian working population, 2006-2011

RESUMEN Introducción: mientras la discapacidad afecta hasta el 12 % de la población de un país según fuentes oficiales en Colombia, a pesar del sub registro, tendrá un comportamiento creciente en los próximos años. Las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP) están encargadas del manejo eficiente del fondo para el riesgo pensional en Colombia. Objetivo: caracterizar la reclamación de pensiones de invalidez por enfermedad común y los principales factores relacionados con su aprobación entre 2006 y 2011 en una AFP colombiana. Materiales y métodos: la fuente secundaria de la información fue la AFP a través del Manual Único para la Calificación de Invalidez. Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio inferencial de factores relacionados con los desenlaces de invalidez, y aprobación de la solicitud pensional. Resultados: ser declarado inválido estuvo asociado con ser hombre, el máximo nivel de estudio, y la deficiencia dada por las causales de solicitud: enfermedades poco prevalentes pero muy incapacitantes. Tener soporte social disminuye la probabilidad de ser declarado inválido. Discusión y conclusión: los factores aquí relacionados con la invalidez acorde con otros estudios deben considerarse en la formulación de políticas públicas que puedan impactar en la prevención de este desenlace y el bienestar de la población trabajadora.

SUMMARY Introduction: According to official sources, disability affects up to 12 % of a country's population. In Colombia, however, this percentage will continue to increase in the coming years regardless of the existing under-recording. Additionally, Pension fund administrators (PFAs) are in charge of efficiently managing the pension risk fund in Colombia. Objective: To characterize disability pension applications due to common diseases along with the main factors regarding their approval between 2006 and 2011 in a Colombian PFA. Materials and Methods: The PFA's Unique Manual for Disability Assessment was used as a secondary source of information. This was a descriptive study with an inferential exploration of the factors concerning two outcomes: disability and application approval. Results: Being declared as a disabled person was associated with being male, having the highest schooling level, and the impairment motivating the application: diseases that have low prevalence but are very disabling. Having social support decreased the probability of being declared disabled. Discussion and conclusion: The factors related to disability, which are consistent with those reported by other studies, should be considered when proposing public policies, which may have an impact on the prevention of this outcome and the well-being of the working population.

Stage progression and need for renal replacement therapy in a renal protection programme in Colombia. A cohort study. / Progreso de estadio y requerimiento de terapia de reemplazo renal en un programa de protección renal en Colombia. Estudio de cohorte.

BACKGROUND: Due to the global burden represented by chronic kidney disease (CKD), the World Health Organization encouraged the implementation of renal protection programmes (RPP) to affect its incidence through prevention and control measures. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of a Colombian RPP in terms of its effect on the stage progression of CKD and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS: An analytical study that monitored 2cohorts of patients diagnosed with CKD. The study compares the behaviour of clinical and renal impairment indicators from patients exposed to a RPP with that of patients following conventional treatment (CT). The population of both intervention groups was considered when determining the sample size. The incidence rate was calculated as well as patient survival (Kaplan Meier). In addition, a multivariate analysis (Cox) was used to calculate the influence that exposure to the RPP had on the outcomes of the patients following the RPP and those following CT. RESULTS: The patients exposed to the RPP took longer to advance to the next CKD stage and require RRT. The incidence rate for progression is higher for the patients following CT (0.050, IC 95%: 0.040-0.064) compared to those in the RPP (0.034, IC 95%: 0.030-0.039). The ratio of incidence rates was 1.480 (IC 95% 1.21-1.90). The hazard of progression was lower for the RPP (HR: 0.855, IC 95%: 0.74- 0.98), as was the hazard of requiring RRT (HR: 0.797, IC 95%: 0.606-1.049). CONCLUSIONS: The RPP is a secondary prevention strategy against CKD which has an effect on the stage progression of CKD and the need for RRT. Early patient detection has a positive effect on the outcomes studied.

Progreso de estadio y requerimiento de terapia de reemplazo renal en un programa de protección renal en Colombia. Estudio de cohorte / Stage progression and need for renal replacement therapy in a renal protection programme in Colombia. A cohort study

Antecedentes: Debido a la carga global de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), la Organización Mundial de la Salud fomentó programas de protección renal (PPR) para impactar en su incidencia con medidas de prevención y control. Objetivos: Evaluar la efectividad de un PPR en Colombia sobre el progreso de estadio en ERC y el requerimiento de terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR). Métodos: Estudio analítico de seguimiento a 2cohortes de pacientes con diagnóstico de ERC, que compara el comportamiento de indicadores clínicos y de deterioro renal entre pacientes expuestos a un PPR versus el tratamiento convencional (TC). Como tamaño de muestra se tuvo en cuenta el censo de la población de ambas aseguradoras. Se calculó la tasa de incidencia, la supervivencia (Kaplan Meier) y la influencia de la exposición al PPR sobre los desenlaces entre PPR y TC mediante un análisis multivariado (Cox). Resultados: Los pacientes expuestos al PPR se demoraron más en hacer el primer progreso de estadio y en requerir TRR. La tasa de incidencia para progreso es mayor en TC (0,050; IC 95%: 0,040-0,064) que en PPR (0,034: IC 95%: 0,030-0,039). Razón de tasas de incidencia: 1,480 (IC 95%: 1,21-1,90). El riesgo instantáneo de progreso fue menor en PPR (HR: 0,855; IC 95%: 0,74-0,98), al igual que el riesgo de requerir TRR (HR: 0,797; IC 95%: 0,606-1,049). Conclusiones: El PPR representa una estrategia de prevención secundaria en ERC que impacta en el progreso de estadio y requerimiento de TRR. La captación temprana de pacientes mejora dichos desenlaces (AU)

Background: Due to the global burden represented by chronic kidney disease (CKD), the World Health Organization encouraged the implementation of renal protection programmes (RPP) to affect its incidence through prevention and control measures. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a Colombian RPP in terms of its effect on the stage progression of CKD and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Methods: An analytical study that monitored 2cohorts of patients diagnosed with CKD. The study compares the behaviour of clinical and renal impairment indicators from patients exposed to a RPP with that of patients following conventional treatment (CT). The population of both intervention groups was considered when determining the sample size. The incidence rate was calculated as well as patient survival (Kaplan Meier). In addition, a multivariate analysis (Cox) was used to calculate the influence that exposure to the RPP had on the outcomes of the patients following the RPP and those following CT. Results: The patients exposed to the RPP took longer to advance to the next CKD stage and require RRT. The incidence rate for progression is higher for the patients following CT (0.050, IC 95%: 0.040-0.064) compared to those in the RPP (0.034, IC 95%: 0.030-0.039). The ratio of incidence rates was 1.480 (IC 95% 1.21-1.90). The hazard of progression was lower for the RPP (HR: 0.855, IC 95%: 0.74- 0.98), as was the hazard of requiring RRT (HR: 0.797, IC 95%: 0.606-1.049). Conclusions: The RPP is a secondary prevention strategy against CKD which has an effect on the stage progression of CKD and the need for RRT. Early patient detection has a positive effect on the outcomes studied (AU)