Mosladadoensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from the southern islands of South Korea.

Mosladadoensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from the southern islands of South Korea, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to M.chinensis, but is distinguished from the latter by having two types of hairs on its stems, wider leaf blades, longer corolla length, and ellipsoid nutlets with a narrowly U-shaped extended area of abscission scar. Mosladadoensis is also distinguished from the Chinese narrow endemic M.hangchouensis by having an included pistil to the corolla, smaller ellipsoid nutlets, and later flowering and fruiting season. Phylogenetic analyses, based on two nuclear ribosomal (ETS, ITS) and three chloroplast (rbcL, matK, trnL-F) DNA regions, confirmed that the new species was constructed as monophyletic, and that M.dadoensis and M.hangchouensis form a sister group with robust support. We hereby provide a detailed morphological description of M.dadoensis with its corresponding geographical distributions, and comparison tables of related taxa.

Characteristic fragmentation of polysiloxane monolayer films by bombardment with monatomic and polyatomic primary ions in TOF-SIMS.

This study reports the characteristic fragmentation patterns from two polysiloxane polymers that form ordered overlayer on silver substrates. Results are compared for the bombardment of various monatomic and polyatomic projectiles of Cs(+), C(60)(+) (10 keV), Bi(1)(+), and Bi(3)(+) (25 keV) in the high mass range time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) spectra. Results are reported from sub-monolayer (solution cast) coverages of poly(dimethylsiloxane)s with the number average molecular weights (M(n)) of 2200 and 6140 Da, respectively, and Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) with molecular weights (MW) from 600 and 1000 Da. For each film, Bi projectiles resulted in the emission of positive silver cluster ions from the substrate under the polymer overlayer and peaks corresponding to silver cluster ions with larger mass were observed by impact of polyatomic 25 keV Bi(3)(+) projectiles. In addition, depending on the change of energy of Bi (3) (+) , a different pattern of fragments was observed. With Cs(+) and C(60)(+) impact, however, the emission of silver cluster ions was not detected. In the case of C(60)(+) impact for PDMS-6140, peaks corresponding to silver-cationized intact oligomers were not observed. In this paper, these results are explained by the possible bombardment mechanism for each projectile, based on its mass, energy, and split trajectories of the component atoms under the polyatomic impact.

Miscibility and hydrolytic behavior of poly(trimethylene carbonate) and poly(L-lactide) and their blends in monolayers at the air/water interface.

In this study, two biodegradable polymers, poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) along with a series of PTMC/PLLA blends, were used as spreading materials to form LB monolayers at the air/water interface to study hydrolytic reaction kinetics of the monolayers with the Langmuir film balance technique. The pi-A isotherms of each homopolymer and their blends showed that blends of PTMC and PLLA were miscible on the neutral subphase (pH 7.4), whereas there was evidence of phase separation on the basic subphase (pH 10.7). The hydrolysis behavior of each homopolymer was investigated at these two different pH conditions. The PTMC monolayer showed faster hydrolysis on the neutral subphase (pH 7.4) than on the basic subphase (pH 10.7). However, in the case of the PLLA monolayer, the hydrolysis on the basic subphase is faster than that on the neutral subphase. On the basis of this result, hydrolysis mechanisms of PTMC and PLLA, considering a general hydrolysis mechanism and their stereo structures, are proposed. The hydrolysis rates of blends of PTMC and PLLA were much faster than that of each homopolymer on the basic subphase (pH 10.7). This result, which can be explained by a "dilution effect", was supported by the structure based mechanism proposed here.

Nutlet morphology and anatomy of the genus Lycopus (Lamiaceae: Mentheae).

Nutlet morphology and pericarp structure of 16 species in the genus Lycopus were studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a detailed description of nutlet morphological features for all examined taxa is provided. The nutlets of all taxa in the genus Lycopus are well adapted to typical hydrochory (or nautochory) with an air-filled pericarp, and myxocarpy was not at all found. It is noteworthy that the nutlet morphology (in particular the shape of corky crests and corky ring and the distribution of glandular trichomes) and pericarp anatomy of Lycopus are unique and are well distinguished from the other genera in the tribe Mentheae. We also found some groups of the species within the genus Lycopus by the present nutlet morphological and anatomical data that appear to be useful as diagnostic characteristics for delineation purposes at the specific/interspecific levels. The earlier infrageneric classification for the genus Lycopus is, however, not well supported by the present results. In addition, the systematic and biological implications of the nutlet characteristics investigated are briefly discussed.