Language Sample Collection and Analysis in People Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Overcoming Obstacles.

Purpose Language sample collection and analysis provides important information regarding the language abilities of individuals for whom standardized testing may not be appropriate, such as persons who use augmentative and alternative communication (PWUAACs). Despite its clinical utility, language sample collection and analysis has not been fully incorporated into the assessment of PWUAACs due to a variety of challenges. This study seeks to investigate the ability of language sample collection and analysis to provide clinically relevant information and explore ways to circumvent language sample collection and analysis challenges for PWUAACs. Method This is a case study of the narratives of two PWUAACs, one child and one adult. Analyses were conducted using manual calculations and computerized language sample analysis software (i.e., Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts and Child Language Exchange System) and Realize Language. Conclusion Although the language samples took longer to complete relative to verbal controls, the information obtained from language sample collection and analysis provided valuable insight into the language system of the two participants that would not be revealed through standardized language assessment, including the distribution of their parts of speech and syntactic complexity. Given the important clinical data that may be obtained through language sample collection and analysis, we propose strategies to enable clinicians to overcome previously identified challenges.

Structure--activity relationship and mode of action of N-(6-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide ethyl esters: novel organometallic anticancer compounds.

In this article, we report the findings of a comprehensive structure-activity relationship study of N-(6-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide ethyl esters, in which novel analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative effect. Two new compounds, 2 and 16, showed potent nanomolar activity in the H1299 NSCLC cell line, with exceptional IC(50) values of 0.13 and 0.14 µM, respectively. These compounds were also found to have significant activity in the Sk-Mel-28 malignant melanoma cell line (IC(50) values of 1.10 and 1.06 µM, respectively). Studies were also conducted to elucidate the mode of action of these novel organometallic anticancer compounds. Cell cycle analysis in the H1299 cell line suggests these compounds induce apoptosis, while guanine oxidation studies confirm that 2 is capable of generating oxidative damage via a ROS-mediated mechanism.

A tandem mass spectrometric investigation of N-(3-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide ethyl esters and N-(6-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide ethyl esters.

N-(3-Ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide ethyl esters 1-4 and N-(6-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide ethyl esters 5-8 were prepared by coupling either 3-ferrocenylnaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid or 6-ferrocenylnaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid to the dipeptide ethyl esters GlyGly(OEt) (1, 5), AlaGly(OEt) (2, 6), GlyPhe(OEt) (3, 7) and GlyLeu(OEt) (4, 8), using the standard N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole protocol. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) were employed in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry in the analysis of N-(3-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide ethyl esters 1-4 and N-(6-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide ethyl esters 5-8. Radical cations, [M](+•) and [M + H](+) species were both observed in the mass spectra. Intense sodium [M + Na](+) and potassium [M + K](+) adducts were also present. An important diagnostic ion at m/z [M-65](+) was observed in both the MS and MS/MS spectra of the N-(3-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide derivatives. Sequence-specific ions were generally not observed in the MS/MS spectra of the N-(3-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) series due to formation of the diagnostic [M-65](+) ion. Sequence-specific ions were observed in the MS/MS spectra of the N-(6-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl) dipeptide esters with charge retention on the derivatized N-terminal of the dipeptide. Both series of compounds could be successfully analyzed by MALDI without the use of a matrix (LDI).

Synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation of N-(ferrocenyl)naphthoyl amino acid esters as anticancer agents.

A series of N-(ferrocenyl)naphthoyl amino acid esters 5-18 has been prepared by coupling ferrocenyl naphthoic acids 3-4 to alpha-amino acids and linear amino acids in the presence of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt). The compounds were fully characterised by a range of NMR spectroscopic techniques, UV-Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. X-ray crystallographic studies of the intermediate compounds 1-2 were also performed. Biological evaluation of the intermediates 1-2 and N-(ferrocenyl)naphthoyl amino acid esters 5-18 was performed in the H1299 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line and the Sk-Mel-28 metastatic melanoma cell line. The intermediates 1-2 failed to produce an effect in either cell line. Compounds 5-18 exhibited a strong anti-proliferative effect in the H1299 cell line, whilst the Sk-Mel-28 cells were slightly more resistant to these compounds. N-(6-ferrocenyl-2-naphthoyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid ethyl ester 17 shows a particularly high activity in both the H1299 cell line (IC(50) = 0.62 +/- 0.07 microM) and the Sk-Mel-28 cell line (IC(50) = 1.41 +/- 0.04 microM).