A pilot study of an electronic, adolescent version of the quick inventory of depressive symptomatology.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent depression assessments are time-intensive, often requiring separate interviews with an adolescent and a parent/ informant. In adults, a self-rated, interactive voice response (IVR) version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-IVR) has been shown to be reliable, valid, and sensitive to change. An adolescent version of the QIDS (QIDS-A-IVR) was created using speaker-independent voice recognition technology. An informant version, QIDS-P-IVR, collects ratings from parents or other knowledgeable adults. METHOD: The study included 27 adolescents ranging from 12 to 17 years of age, 48% of whom were female. During a single office visit, adolescents completed the QIDS-A-IVR and parents completed the QIDS-P-IVR. A clinician completed the clinician-rated adult version of the QIDS separately for adolescents (QIDS-C-A) and parents (QIDS-C-P) and the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). The study was conducted from October 2005 to April 2006. RESULTS: Cronbach alpha of the QIDS-A-IVR was .85. The QIDS-A-IVR correlated significantly with the QIDS-C-A (r = 0.95) and the CDRS-R (r = 0.76), both p < .01. Conversely, the correlations of the QIDS-A-IVR with the QIDS-P-IVR and the QIDS-C-P were small and nonsignificant. The QIDS-A-IVR required adolescents a mean of 6 minutes and 31 seconds to complete (SD = 41 seconds). The voice recognition technology correctly identified the adolescents' spoken words in 92% of the 483 spoken responses. The system recognized a response from all adolescents on all items. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the reliability and validity of the QIDS-A-IVR as an adolescent depression measure. The QIDS-A-IVR may provide clinicians and researchers with a sound, technology-based method of assessing adolescent depression. Future research is needed on the informational value of parent ratings of adolescent depression.

Using daily interactive voice response assessments: to measure onset of symptom improvement with duloxetine.

Most clinical trials measure patient responses weekly, requiring patients to accurately recall and report their symptoms from the previous six days. More frequent assessments would be less susceptible to recall errors and recency effects as weekly assessments, but increased office visits burden clinicians and patients and can lead to higher attrition or non compliance. Interactive voice response (IVR) technology permits data collection at greater frequencies with minimal reporting burdens. An ancillary study within a randomized clinical trial evaluated the use of IVR to gather measures of patients' ratings of emotional and painful symptoms of depression on a daily basis. Unmedicated patients randomized to a starting dose of duloxetine of 30 mg QD (n=67) or 60 mg QD (n=70) called an IVR system daily to complete Verbal Numeric Scales for pain and Patient Global Impression of Improvement for both physical and emotional changes. Patients' compliance with daily IVR assessments was examined, and the IVR data obtained showed that patients started at 60 mg reported less pain and greater physical and emotional improvements than patients started at 30 mg. Dose related differences were evident as early as one day after the start treatment. This study provides new data about the usefulness of daily IVR assessments in clinical research and supports other studies regarding early symptom improvement with duloxetine.

Dial "T" for testing: Technological flexibility in neuropsychological assessment.

Computer-automated neuropsychological testing can be conducted over the telephone via interactive voice response (IVR) technology by adapting cognitive measures traditionally administered by a clinician or in paper-and-pencil formats. By utilizing automated telephone interviews in neuropsychological research, time and money can be saved, and patients can be assessed remotely. This paper reviews the use of IVR to assess neuropsychological functioning in six studies that examined alcohol impairment of mental and physical functioning, cognitive and psychomotor recovery after surgery, and impairment resulting from central nervous system disease. Future directions for expanding application of cognitive performance assessment via IVR are discussed.

An examination of 26,168 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores administered via interactive voice response across 17 randomized clinical trials.

This article presents descriptive and psychometric data from 26,168 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores administered via Interactive Voice Response (IVR) in 17 randomized clinical trials sponsored by 6 pharmaceutical companies. To provide evidence for construct validity, the IVR HAM-D scores before and after randomization are compared, and the change in the IVR HAM-D scores over time after randomization are examined. In addition, the evidence for the reliability of the IVR-administered HAM-D is presented. An examination of the distribution of first-time IVR HAM-Ds before randomization may provide useful information to researchers planning to use the IVR HAM-D as a screening tool for entry or to verify baseline severity in randomized clinical trials.

An interactive voice response program to reduce drinking relapse: a feasibility study.

Substance-abusing patients often relapse soon after undergoing treatment, thus requiring intensive aftercare or re-treatment. More efficient monitoring and follow-up of patients could contribute to better treatment outcomes. This study evaluated the feasibility of a computer-automated interactive voice response (IVR) system to reduce relapse following discharge from residential treatment. Sixty participants completing a residential treatment program and meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence were randomized to three groups: (1) daily IVR reporting with personal follow-up on noncompliant callers; (2) daily IVR reporting without follow-up; or (3) no IVR reporting (control group). At 30, 90, and 180 days after discharge, participants were interviewed to obtain timeline follow-back drinking data and completed the Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale, SF-36, and Drinker Inventory of Consequences. This pilot study suggests that using automated IVR technology to monitor clients after discharge is feasible and warrants further research and development. IVR systems also provide the potential for delivering individualized feedback.

A novel interactive voice response (IVR) system for dementia screening, education, and referral: one-year summary.

This article summarizes the data collected from an interactive voice response (IVR) system for dementia screening, education, and referral during its first year of use. After its development and pilot testing, the system was made available to the public via a toll-free number and advertised in targeted, rural areas in the state of Wisconsin. After 1 year of availability, the data gathered by the system suggests that the majority of the callers remained in the system long enough to, at minimum, listen to educational information. The system received calls from both those concerned about themselves and those concerned about another person. The screening portions of the system received significant use, and most individuals receiving positive screens continued to explore the interactive voice response system, suggesting they sought additional information. Overall, the 1-year results support the need for accessible and anonymous resources for individuals concerned about dementia.

When one plus one equals three: the role of relationships and context in community research.

This paper explores the role of relationships within and between the community of the researchers and the community of the research participants, as they relate to qualitative, community psychology research. Although relationships are salient to all research, their role is particularly prominent in qualitative research, in which a closer rapport is established between researcher and research participant than in quantitative research, and the impact of both sides of this interaction on the research process is acknowledged. Instead of merely looking at the community and relationships of the participants, the usual focus of research, this paper also explores the often-overlooked community and relationships of the researchers and then goes on to look at the impact on the research process of the interaction of these two separate communities. This inside story, while seldom explicitly explored or articulated, has implications for community research in general and particularly for applied research.