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1.
Ecohealth ; 18(1): 107-112, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34014415

RESUMO

Human toxocariasis is a zoonotic infection with global and regional impacts. Worldwide it is underestimated and clinically overlooked. Medical practitioners are generally unaware of the extent of the resulting disease spectrum. The objective of the study was to assess knowledge and disease awareness among medical practitioners in Aseer, south-western Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire addressing knowledge about the parasite, its visceral larva migrans and the disease spectrum generated was used to interview participants. The study included 285 participants. In answer to the question what is toxocara, only 27%, answered correctly that it is a nematode, paediatricians being the majority. With regard to years of experience among participants, 56.8% of those who answered correctly had less than 5-year experience, as opposed to 35.4% for those with more than 10-year experience. The cumulative awareness about the disease manifestations and spectrum, i.e. those who knew, was less than 30% across specialties and years of experiences. Lack of awareness regarding Toxocara infection and the disease spectrum it can generate is evident. The consequence for such lack of knowledge within our practising medical community is simply unacceptable as it might translate into misdiagnosis and consequently misguided treatment.


Assuntos
Toxocara , Toxocaríase , Animais , Humanos , Arábia Saudita , Inquéritos e Questionários , Toxocaríase/diagnóstico , Toxocaríase/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia
2.
Saudi Med J ; 41(7): 757-762, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32601646

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the presence of toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes (TORCH) infections in women attending at the antenatal care clinic in Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: A total of 190 blood samples were collected from Abha maternity hospital in Aseer region, KSA, from February 2018 to May 2019 and screened with the TORCH panel (toxoplasmagondii [IgG/IgM], cytomegalovirus [CMV] [IgG/IgM], rubella [IgG/IgM], and herpes simplex type 1 and 2 [IgG/IgM]). RESULTS: The mean age was 31.42±6.514 years and gestational age was 32.48±6.168 weeks. Serum IgG was positive for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) (27.4%), herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) (94.7%), herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) (0.5%), CMV (100%), and rubella (88.9%). Serum IgM was positive only for CMV (9.5%). Though, there was an association between abortions from previous pregnancies (26.5%), intrauterine death (5.8%), premature labor (3.2%), microcephaly (1.6%), other congenital diseases (1.6%) and low birth weight (0.5%) with current IgG positivity for TORCH infections, the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity for IgG antibodies correlate with TORCH-associated pregnancy complications in Abha, KSA; however, IgM positive CMV pregnant cases warrant further systematic investigation to understand the implications of CMV on outcomes during pregnancy.


Assuntos
Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Maternidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose/parasitologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Intervirology ; 62(5-6): 205-209, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32208395

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection spreads easily by interpersonal contact. OBJECTIVE: This study determined the prevalence of seropositivity of cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the Asir Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The study evaluated the seropositivity for cytomegalovirus-specific IgG in 460 females. Collected samples were processed and tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and specific HCMV IgG. RESULTS: The study showed that all the respondents aged 15-20 years were seropositive for the HCMV. HCMV seropositive status was recorded in 99.2% of the older patients (>40 years of age). In the remaining age groups, the rate of seropositivity ranged from 95.7 (age range 20-25 years) to 98.9% (age range 30 years). CONCLUSIONS: In all age groups of females tested, the prevalence of seropositive for HCMV was high, i.e., in the range of 95.7-100%.

4.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med ; 25(10): 2066-70, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22385323

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is regulated by hypoxia that is essential for placental development. It is antagonized by a soluble form of its receptor (sFlt-1). The purpose of this study was to measure these factors in the maternal and the cord bloods, at low and high altitude. METHODS: Samples were collected from full term births normal pregnant women. Free (unbound) VEGF and sFlt-1 levels were measured in plasma samples from cord and maternal blood for each subject by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercially available kits from R&D systems, UK (Cat # DVE00 and Cat # SVR100B, respectively). RESULTS: At high altitude, the average maternal free VEGF in pg/ml was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that of the cord level (71.30 ± 282.14 and 431.35 ± 424.31, respectively). On the other hand, the average maternal sFlt-1 was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of the cord level (8205.41 ± 6244.72 and 1811.74 + 3469.30, respectively). At low altitude, the average maternal free VEGF was significantly lower than that of the cord level (0.47 ± 0.89 and 483.44 ± 457.31, respectively, p < 0.001). On the other hand, the average maternal sFlt-1 was significantly higher than that of the cord level (9267.82 ± 6345.68 and 958.66 ± 1359.92, respectively, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences by altitude. CONCLUSION: Secretion of sFlt-1 appears to be polarized, in that concentrations are higher in the maternal compartment than on the fetal side at both high and low altitudes. This may be a normal physiological phenomenon to permit angiogenesis in the placenta and fetus while protecting the mother. Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude does not affect these distributions.


Assuntos
Altitude , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Gravidez/sangue , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Período Pós-Parto , Arábia Saudita
5.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med ; 23(10): 1244-8, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20044875

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the concentrations of free plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the maternal and foetal circulations of normal term pregnancies. METHODS: Free plasma VEGF was measured from plasma of umbilical cord and maternal blood by ELISA for each of 20 normal pregnancies delivering at term at an altitude of 3100 m. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to test for correlation between values and clinical maternal and neonatal data. Student's 't' test was used to test for differences between samples from male and female neonates. RESULTS: Free plasma VEGF was undetectable from maternal samples, but it was detectable in the cord blood (mean, 560.3775 pg/ml, median, 145.84 pg/ml, range, 22.56-2653.5). No differences were found between neonates sex, and no correlation was found with clinical maternal and neonatal data. CONCLUSION: Circulating VEGF is usually bound to the soluble form of its receptor 1 (sFlt-1). High levels of sFlt-1 are secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast during pregnancy, and so free plasma VEGF is undetectable in the maternal circulation. In contrast, our findings are the first to show free plasma VEGF in the umbilical circulation. We speculate that this free VEGF may promote angiogenesis in the foetus and placenta. Our data imply that sFlt-1 is not present in the cord blood, and that secretion by the syncytiotrophoblast is polarised to its apical surface. Further investigations are required to test this hypothesis.


Assuntos
Sangue Fetal/química , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez
6.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand ; 82(6): 543-9, 2003 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12780425

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To find out whether preterm labor is associated with raised maternal serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and whether the measurement of these cytokines can be used to detect early intrauterine infection in preterm labor. METHODS: Cross-sectional study: 77 women in preterm labor, 47 controls of healthy preterm women not in labor and 19 women in term labor. The serum cytokines levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The newborns of women who were in labor were followed up for evidence of infection. Differences between groups were tested using analysis of variance, Student's t-test and chi2-test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the concentration of all the cytokines measured between the different groups. No statistical difference was found in the concentration of the cytokines between women in preterm labor with ruptured membranes and those with intact membranes. There was also no difference found in the concentration of cytokines between women whose newborns had positive bacterial culture and those with negative culture. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION: Serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were not increased in preterm labor compared to normal control women. There is doubt regarding the usefulness of maternal serum measurement of these cytokines for the detection of early fetal infection in preterm labor, but this needs further evaluation.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores/análise , Interferon gama/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-8/sangue , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
7.
Saudi Med J ; 23(4): 436-40, 2002 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11953771

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a minimal access surgery, is fast replacing open cholecystectomy and is being associated with less trauma. The objective of this study was to compare the proinflammatory cytokine levels in both laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy. METHODS: This study was carried out at Aseer Central Hospital, Aseer region, Abha Private Hospital and the College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the time period October 1998 through to November 2000. Sixty-one patients were included in the study, 27 of them had laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 34 had open cholecystectomy. Cytokines [Interleukin-6 Interleukin-1b, Tumor necrosis factor -a and Interleukin- 8] were measured in blood samples collected from the patients before, at and 24 hours post surgery, using commercially available kits. RESULTS: Interleukin-6 levels were significantly increased at 24 hours post surgery in the open cholecystectomy group of patients compared to the laparoscopic cholecystectomy group (P<0.04). No differences were found in the other cytokines levels (Interleukin-1b, tumor necrosis factor -a and Interleukin-8) between the open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy groups. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a minimal access surgery, is associated with lower levels of the proinflammatory interleukin-6 cytokine compared to open cholecystectomy.


Assuntos
Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Colecistectomia , Citocinas/sangue , Humanos , Interleucina-1/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise
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