Intestinal obstruction secundary to gallstone ileus: case report.

Gallstone ileus is an intestinal obstruction that is secondary to the presence of gallstones in the small intestine. It is a rare complication of cholelithiasis, which represents 1-3% of the causes of intestinal obstruction. The diagnosis is difficult given that the symptoms are nonspecific with intermittent intestinal obstruction, Rigler's triad (pneumobilia, stone and abdominal distention) is pathognomonic. Among the diagnostic aids are abdominal radiography, ultrasound and abdominal tomography. Treatment should be individualized depending on the patient's conditions, with laparotomy with enterotomy being the treatment of choice.

El íleo biliar es una obstrucción intestinal secundaria a la presencia de cálculos biliares en el intestino delgado. Es una complicación rara de la colelitiasis y representa el 1-3% de las causas de obstrucción intestinal. El diagnóstico es difícil dado que la clínica es inespecífica, con un cuadro de oclusión intestinal intermitente; la tríada de Rigler (neumobilia, lito y distensión abdominal) es patognomónica. Dentro de los auxiliares diagnósticos se encuentran la radiografía de abdomen, el ultrasonido y la tomografía computarizada abdominal. El tratamiento debe individualizarse dependiendo de las condiciones del paciente, siendo de elección la laparotomía con enterotomía.

LKTA and PlpE small fragments fusion protein protect against Mannheimia haemolytica challenge.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is a major cause of economic losses for the cattle backgrounding and feedlot industries. Mannheimia haemolytica is considered the most important pathogen associated with this disease. Vaccines against M. haemolytica have been prepared and used for many decades, but traditional bacterins have failed to demonstrate effective protection and their use has often exacerbated disease in vaccinated animals. Thus, the BRD complex continues to exert a strong adverse effect on the health and wellbeing of stocker and feeder cattle. Therefore, generation of recombinant proteins has been helpful in formulating enhanced vaccines against M. haemolytica, which could confer better protection against BRD. In the present study, we formulated a vaccine preparation enriched with recombinant small fragments of leukotoxin A (LKTA) and outer-membrane lipoprotein (PlpE) proteins, and demonstrated its ability to generate high antibody titers in rabbits and sheep, which protected against M. haemolytica bacterial challenge in mice.

Effects of rapid global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary on neotropical vegetation.

Temperatures in tropical regions are estimated to have increased by 3° to 5°C, compared with Late Paleocene values, during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56.3 million years ago) event. We investigated the tropical forest response to this rapid warming by evaluating the palynological record of three stratigraphic sections in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela. We observed a rapid and distinct increase in plant diversity and origination rates, with a set of new taxa, mostly angiosperms, added to the existing stock of low-diversity Paleocene flora. There is no evidence for enhanced aridity in the northern Neotropics. The tropical rainforest was able to persist under elevated temperatures and high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, in contrast to speculations that tropical ecosystems were severely compromised by heat stress.

Genotypification of bovine group A rotavirus in México.

Bovine scours, frequently provoked by rotavirus infection, causes significant economic losses. Nevertheless, no information exists about the bovine rotavirus genotypes present in Mexico. This information is necessary for designing efficient vaccines. In this work, 128 samples from diarrheic calves were collected between 2005 and 2006 in 26 dairy and/or beef cattle herds located in 10 regions of Mexico, and analyzed for the presence of group A rotavirus. G and P genotypes were determined by PCR in rotavirus-positive samples (12/128). Three different genotype combinations were found, G10, P[11]; G6, P[5]; and G10, P[5]; in 67, 25 and 8% of the positive samples, respectively. Some rotavirus-positive animals had been vaccinated with an inactivated rotavirus strain of a different genotype.

Cenozoic plant diversity in the neotropics.

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the high levels of plant diversity in the Neotropics today, but little is known about diversification patterns of Neotropical floras through geological time. Here, we present the longest time series compiled for palynological plant diversity of the Neotropics (15 stratigraphic sections, 1530 samples, 1411 morphospecies, and 287,736 occurrences) from the Paleocene to the early Miocene (65 to 20 million years ago) in central Colombia and western Venezuela. The record shows a low-diversity Paleocene flora, a significantly more diverse early to middle Eocene flora exceeding Holocene levels, and a decline in diversity at the end of the Eocene and early Oligocene. A good correlation between diversity fluctuations and changes in global temperature was found, suggesting that tropical climate change may be directly driving the observed diversity pattern. Alternatively, the good correspondence may result from the control that climate exerts on the area available for tropical plants to grow.

Reduccion de la morbilidad y mortalidad materna en las Américas: guia para la vigilancia epidemiologica de la muerte materma / Reduction of maternal morbility and mortality in the Américas: guidelines for epidemiological surveillance on maternal mortality

Esta Guia presenta los lineamientos generales para la vigilancia epidemiologica de la muerte materna. El objeto principal del Sistema de Vigilancia de la Mortalidad Materna (SVEMM) es contribuir al mejor conocimiento de los factores medicos-sociales que determinan las muertes maternas y proveer informacion para el desarrollo de estrategias para mejorar la salud de la mujerEl proposito principal de esta Guia es ofrecer a los paise en una forma resumida, y lenguaje simple, las orientaciones mas importantes para establecer un SVEMM o perfeccionarlo en aquellos países que ya cuenten con el

Estratégias regionales para la reduccion de la mortalidad materna / Regional strategies to reduce the maternal mortality

Explica la interrelación de la salud de la mujer con el ambiente político y económico donde vive, la sociedad de la cual hace parte y el sistema creencias culturales que la organiza y le da un sentido a sua vida, mediante paradigmas os marcos conceptuales. Destacan por su mayor peso tres grupos de variables en la determinación del nivel de mortalidad materna: el estado de salud previo de la mujer, su conducta reproductiva y el acceso a los servicios de salud materna

Papel da OPS na atençäo primária de saúde / Role of PAHO in primary health care

Trata-se de palestra proferida pelo Dr. German Mora, demonstrando as várias estratégias em programas de saúde e correlatos da Organizaçäo Pan Americana de Saúde - OPS e da Organizaçäo Mundial da Saúde - OMS, cujo objetivo principal visa a diminuiçäo das desigualdades que existem entre os diferentes grupos humanos que integram as sociedades e entre países. Sintetisa-se sua mensagem em um único objetivo a ser alcançado, ou seja, "Saúde para Todos no Ano 2000 - SPT/2000". Ademais, apresenta-se, também, o discurso pronunciado pelo Dr. John Donchue, representante da UNICEF - Fundo das Naçöes Unidas para a Infância - no Brasil, que ressalta a importância de açöes básicas de saúde desenvolvidas, ou que venham a ser, visando diminuir a taxa de mortalidade infantil à metade nos próximos 5 anos no país (AVM)