Human activity recognition using a single-photon direct time-of-flight sensor.

Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) direct Time-of-Flight (dToF) sensors provide depth imaging over long distances, enabling the detection of objects even in the absence of contrast in colour or texture. However, distant objects are represented by just a few pixels and are subject to noise from solar interference, limiting the applicability of existing computer vision techniques for high-level scene interpretation. We present a new SPAD-based vision system for human activity recognition, based on convolutional and recurrent neural networks, which is trained entirely on synthetic data. In tests using real data from a 64×32 pixel SPAD, captured over a distance of 40 m, the scheme successfully overcomes the limited transverse resolution (in which human limbs are approximately one pixel across), achieving an average accuracy of 89% in distinguishing between seven different activities. The approach analyses continuous streams of video-rate depth data at a maximal rate of 66 FPS when executed on a GPU, making it well-suited for real-time applications such as surveillance or situational awareness in autonomous systems.

The miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis orchestrates chromatin organization during erythropoiesis.

Differentiation of stem and progenitor cells is a highly regulated process that involves the coordinated action of multiple layers of regulation. Here we show how the post-transcriptional regulatory layer instructs the level of chromatin regulation via miR-144 and its targets to orchestrate chromatin condensation during erythropoiesis. The loss of miR-144 leads to impaired chromatin condensation during erythrocyte maturation. Among the several targets of miR-144 that influence chromatin organization, the miR-144-dependent regulation of Hmgn2 is conserved from fish to humans. Our genetic probing of the miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis establish that intact miR-144 target sites in the Hmgn2 3'UTR are necessary for the proper maturation of erythrocytes in both zebrafish and human iPSC-derived erythroid cells while loss of Hmgn2 rescues in part the miR-144 null phenotype. Altogether, our results uncover miR-144 and its target Hmgn2 as the backbone of the genetic regulatory circuit that controls the terminal differentiation of erythrocytes in vertebrates.

DOT1L stimulates MYC/Mondo transcription factor activity by promoting its degradation cycle on chromatin.

The proto-oncogene c-MYC is a key representative of the MYC transcription factor network regulating growth and metabolism. MML-1 (Myc- and Mondo-like) is its homolog in C. elegans. The functional and molecular cooperation between c-MYC and H3 lysine 79 methyltransferase DOT1L was demonstrated in several human cancer types, and we have earlier discovered the connection between C. elegans MML-1 and DOT-1.1. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of DOT1L/DOT-1.1 in regulating c-MYC/MML-1 target genes genome-wide by ensuring the removal of "spent" transcription factors from chromatin by the nuclear proteasome. Moreover, we uncover a previously unrecognized proteolytic activity of DOT1L, which may facilitate c-MYC turnover. This new mechanism of c-MYC regulation by DOT1L may lead to the development of new approaches for cancer treatment.

The miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis orchestrates chromatin organization during erythropoiesis.

Differentiation of stem and progenitor cells is a highly regulated process that involves the coordinated action of multiple layers of regulation. Here we show how the post-transcriptional regulatory layer instructs the level of chromatin regulation via miR-144 and its targets to orchestrate chromatin condensation during erythropoiesis. The loss of miR-144 leads to impaired chromatin condensation during erythrocyte maturation. Among the several targets of miR-144 that influence chromatin organization, the miR-144-dependent regulation of Hmgn2 is conserved from fish to humans. Our genetic probing of the miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis established that intact miR-144 target sites in the Hmgn2 3'UTR are necessary for the proper maturation of erythrocytes in both zebrafish and human iPSC-derived erythroid cells while loss of Hmgn2 rescues in part the miR-144 null phenotype. Altogether, our results uncover miR-144 and its target Hmgn2 as the backbone of the genetic regulatory circuit that controls the terminal differentiation of erythrocytes in vertebrates.

Video super-resolution for single-photon LIDAR.

3D time-of-flight (ToF) image sensors are used widely in applications such as self-driving cars, augmented reality (AR), and robotics. When implemented with single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), compact, array format sensors can be made that offer accurate depth maps over long distances, without the need for mechanical scanning. However, array sizes tend to be small, leading to low lateral resolution, which combined with low signal-to-background ratio (SBR) levels under high ambient illumination, may lead to difficulties in scene interpretation. In this paper, we use synthetic depth sequences to train a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) for denoising and upscaling (×4) depth data. Experimental results, based on synthetic as well as real ToF data, are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. With GPU acceleration, frames are processed at >30 frames per second, making the approach suitable for low-latency imaging, as required for obstacle avoidance.

Predisposición a la enfermedad neumocócica en la edad pediátrica / Predisposition to Pneumococcal Disease in Pediatric Age

La enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI) es la presentación clínica más severa de la infección confirmada por el aislamiento del S. pneumoniae a partir de un sitio normalmente estéril, como sangre, líquido cefalorraquídeo, líquido pleural y otros líquidos estériles.1,2,3 Las neumonías, sepsis y meningitis engloban 25 por ciento de los 10 millones de fallecidos que ocurren en niños en todo el mundo. El Streptococcus pneumoniae es el agente causal de estas defunciones. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que, aproximadamente, 800 000 niños fallecen cada año por enfermedad neumocócica, y 90 por ciento de estas defunciones ocurren en países en desarrollo.4 La infección neumocócica presenta un interés creciente por múltiples razones, ya que la morbilidad y mortalidad de las infecciones neumocócicas, tanto localizadas como invasoras, permanecen elevadas a pesar de la antibioterapia. Además, las muertes por infección neumocócica grave ocurren en los primeros 5 días de la enfermedad a pesar del tratamiento y la presencia de más de 90 distintos serotipos de S. pneumoniae, que presentan distinta distribución geográfica, dificulta el desarrollo de una vacuna de aplicación universal. También el elevado y creciente porcentaje de neumococos resistentes a Penicilina y/o a otros antibióticos está planteando importantes problemas terapéuticos.3 Por ello, se hace necesario la identificación de factores de riesgos que predisponen al padecimiento de dicha enfermedad cuya versatilidad de la bacteria S. pneumoniae ha desarrollado diversos mecanismos para evadir la respuesta inmunológica, entre los que destacan las diferencias antigénicas de los polisacáridos capsulares.5 Teniendo en cuenta que, en la mayoría de los casos, los neumococos se transportan en la mucosa del aparato respiratorio superior sin síntomas aparentes, los factores de riesgos que se describen para desarrollar una enfermedad respiratoria constituyen primordial su identificación para actuar sobre la prevención de estos. Hablamos de factores socioeconómicos y sociodemográficos, factores adquiridos del huésped y la predisposición genética del huésped.6 Entre los factores socioeconómicosy sociodemográficos se destacan los hogares con bajos ingresos, donde diversos estudios señalan que hay una mayor incidencia de infección neumocócica, malnutrición y déficit de micronutrientes, prácticas inapropiadas de la lactancia materna y la alimentación, contaminación ambiental (humo del cigarro, combustibles domésticos, otros) y la contaminación atmosférica tras la emisión de gases de fábricas e industrias cercanas al hogar. Y aunque los reportes de la Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF) y la OMS no consideran la desnutrición un problema de salud en Cuba; durante las consultas de puericultura es importante evaluar el estado nutricional de los pacientes; debido a que los pacientes desnutridos son muy susceptibles de sufrir infecciones respiratorias agudas, ya que estos niños presentan alteración en la adherencia, quimiotaxis, fagocitosis y en la capacidad microbicida de estas células. Las deficiencias específicas de la cobalamina y el hierro, presentes en estos niños, disminuyen la función de los leucocitos polimorfonucleares de la actividad metabólica asociada a la fagocitosis en macrófagos y disminución de la depuración bacteriana por las células del sistema retículo endotelial. El déficit de estos oligoelementos y otros como cobre, selenio y vitaminas A, E y C también pueden interferir la actividad del sistema de defensa antioxidante y antinfeccioso del pulmón.7 Como riesgo social se identifica el hacinamiento, el nivel cultural alcanzado por la familia al cuidado del infante y; los problemas económicos: las condiciones de la vivienda y el acceso a los servicios de salud y a medicamentos. Otros autores destacan la presencia de animales domésticos.8 De los factores adquiridos del huésped podemos mencionar el bajo peso al nacer, la edad; que es importante señalar que entre más temprano en la vida se presente la infección más riesgo de gravedad presenta el paciente. Se destaca además la presencia...(AU)

Fundamental limits to depth imaging with single-photon detector array sensors.

Single-Photon Avalanche Detector (SPAD) arrays are a rapidly emerging technology. These multi-pixel sensors have single-photon sensitivities and pico-second temporal resolutions thus they can rapidly generate depth images with millimeter precision. Such sensors are a key enabling technology for future autonomous systems as they provide guidance and situational awareness. However, to fully exploit the capabilities of SPAD array sensors, it is crucial to establish the quality of depth images they are able to generate in a wide range of scenarios. Given a particular optical system and a finite image acquisition time, what is the best-case depth resolution and what are realistic images generated by SPAD arrays? In this work, we establish a robust yet simple numerical procedure that rapidly establishes the fundamental limits to depth imaging with SPAD arrays under real world conditions. Our approach accurately generates realistic depth images in a wide range of scenarios, allowing the performance of an optical depth imaging system to be established without the need for costly and laborious field testing. This procedure has applications in object detection and tracking for autonomous systems and could be easily extended to systems for underwater imaging or for imaging around corners.

The effects of global postural re-education on sleep quality and stress in university women lecturers: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of global postural re-education (GPR) on sleep quality and stress in female health science lecturers. Methods: A total of 24 female university lecturers were allocated in this randomized controlled trial into intervention (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The intervention group underwent familiarization and training on the therapy to execute an 8-week treatment with GPR. Data collected on sleep quality were analyzed using 24-h accelerometry (Actigraphy GT3X+) in addition to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire score as well as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) anxiety questionnaire. Data on stress were collected by measuring salivary cortisol. Results: After comparing the GPR of the groups, there was a main effect of the group (F = 5.278, p = 0.044) for PSQI. The post-hoc analysis revealed that both groups decreased scores between pre- and post-treatment. Additionally, post-treatment, there were differences between groups. For sleep latency, there were main effects of group (F = 6.118, p = 0.031) and score × group (F = 9.343, p = 0.011) interactions. The post-hoc analysis revealed that treatment groups decreased scores between pre- and post-treatment, and there were differences between groups (all p < 0.050). Conclusion: The self-administered GPR improves sleep quality in female university lecturers, providing a valuable self-regulation tool for enhanced sleep quality and enhanced academic performance. Further study may help to develop this as a potential tool to help university lecturers' job performance.

Pixels2Pose: Super-resolution time-of-flight imaging for 3D pose estimation.

Single-photon-sensitive depth sensors are being increasingly used in next-generation electronics for human pose and gesture recognition. However, cost-effective sensors typically have a low spatial resolution, restricting their use to basic motion identification and simple object detection. Here, we perform a temporal to spatial mapping that drastically increases the resolution of a simple time-of-flight sensor, i.e., an initial resolution of 4 × 4 pixels to depth images of resolution 32 × 32 pixels. The output depth maps can then be used for accurate three-dimensional human pose estimation of multiple people. We develop a new explainable framework that provides intuition to how our network uses its input data and provides key information about the relevant parameters. Our work greatly expands the use cases of simple single-photon avalanche detector time-of-flight sensors and opens up promising possibilities for future super-resolution techniques applied to other types of sensors with similar data types, i.e., radar and sonar.

Resultados de trabajo del Programa Materno Infantil. Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Cienfuegos, 2021 / Results of work of the maternal child program. University Pediatric Hospital of Cienfuegos, 2021

RESUMEN Fundamento: una estrategia fundamental para lograr resultados satisfactorios en la atención materno infantil fue la implementación del Programa Nacional de Atención Materno Infantil, cuyos resultados en el 2021 no fueron los esperados de cada año a nivel de país. Objetivo: describir los resultados de trabajo del Programa Materno Infantil en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Cienfuegos en el año 2021. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado en el Hospital Pediátrico de Cienfuegos y que recoge los resultados integrales del Programa Materno Infantil en dicha institución. Se exponen todos los indicadores del programa. Se ofrece, además, una contextualización del escenario en el año 2021. Resultados: el escenario de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 en Cienfuegos impactó durante el año 2021 en los resultados obtenidos por la institución; aumentaron las atenciones en cuerpo de guardia a 45 151 consultas, como principal motivo las enfermedades respiratorias agudas. La mortalidad hospitalaria se incrementó en seis fallecidos más con respecto al 2020, en correspondencia con la principal causa de atención en urgencias, seguidas de la sepsis. Se mantuvo la cabecera municipal como el principal emisor de pacientes y le siguieron en frecuencia Cumanayagua y Rodas como los municipios que mayor número de ingresos aportaron. El promedio de estadía hospitalaria fue de 4,3 días y la supervivencia general se comportó en un 96,8 %. Conclusiones: el colectivo de la institución continúa desarrollando la gestión clínica para alcanzar la calidad de los servicios hospitalarios óptimos para incidir, modificar y hacer sostenibles los indicadores con resultados desfavorables.

ABSTRACT Background: A fundamental strategy to achieve satisfactory results in maternal and child care was the implementation of the National Program for Maternal and Child Care (PAMI). The results of the PAMI in 2021 are not what is expected each year at the country level and it was not far from the reality of the Paquito Glez University Pediatric Hospital. Objective: Mention the results of the work of the Maternal and Child Program at the University Pediatric Hospital of Cienfuegos in the year 2021. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out at the Pediatric Hospital of Cienfuegos and which includes the comprehensive results of the Maternal and Child Program at said institution. All the indicators of the program are exposed. It also offers a contextualization of the scenario in the year 2021. Results: The scenario of confrontation with COVID-19 in Cienfuegos had an impact during the year 2021 on the results obtained by the institution, increasing care in the emergency room to 45,151 consultations, as the main reason for Acute Respiratory Diseases. Hospital mortality increases by six more deaths compared to 2020, responding to the main cause of emergency care followed by Sepsis. The municipal seat remains the main issuer of patients and is followed in frequency by Cumanayagua and Rodas, corresponding to the municipalities that contribute the greatest number of admissions. The average hospital stay was 4.3 and the general survival behaves in 96.8%. Conclusions: The group of the institution continues to develop clinical management to achieve the quality of optimal hospital services to influence, modify and make sustainable the indicators with unfavorable results.

Campaña visual por el 40 Aniversario de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos

RESUMEN En septiembre del curso 1982-1983, con la entrega del primer módulo constructivo de la escuela de Medicina en Cienfuegos, se iniciaba el I Contingente del Destacamento de Ciencias Médicas Carlos Juan Finlay. El 20 de diciembre de 1982, se emite la Resolución No. 233 por el Ministerio de Salud Pública, donde queda resuelta la creación de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos. En ocasión de celebrarse el próximo septiembre del 2022 el cuadragésimo aniversario, surge la necesidad de la elaboración de una campaña visual para acompañar los festejos. Por ello, se procede al diseño de la imagen. El presente artículo describe la confección del logotipo y símbolo gráfico, los fundamentos, atributos a comunicar y simbolismos tomados en consideración. El 31 de enero del 2022 quedó aprobado por el Consejo de Dirección de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos.

ABSTRACT In September of the 1982-1983 academic year, with the delivery of the first construction module of the Medicine School in Cienfuegos, the 1st Contingent of the Carlos Juan Finlay Medical Sciences Detachment began. On December the 20th, 1982, Resolution No. 233 is issued by the Ministry of Public Health, where the creation of the Faculty of Cienfuegos Medical Sciences is resolved. On the occasion of celebrating the fortieth anniversary next September 2022, the need arises to develop a visual campaign to accompany the celebrations. Therefore, we proceed to the design of the image. This article describes the making of the image type, the foundations, attributes to be communicated and symbolisms taken into consideration. On January the 31st, 2022, it was approved by the Board of Directors of the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences.

De asilo a hospital pediátrico: un legado de Nicolás Acea, benefactor de Cienfuegos

RESUMEN La edificación que se construyera con el nombre de Nicolás Salvador Acea de los Ríos en la provincia de las Villas, en la actualidad es el espacio físico del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "Paquito González Cueto" del territorio cienfueguero. Es por ello que realizamos una revisión bibliográfica empleando los métodos de inducción-deducción, análisis y síntesis e histórico-lógico con el objetivo de enunciar el aporte de Nicolás Acea como benefactor de Cienfuegos, en la construcción del asilo de su mismo nombre, después de su fallecimiento. Aunque ya no existen espacios libres entre el edificio y el malecón, ni la brisa del mar cercano que impactaba a plenitud sobre su fachada, bondades que avalaron la construcción, luego del triunfo revolucionario el 1ero. de enero de 1959 cambia su objeto social, pero mantiene como vocación el cuidado de la salud, ahora de los infantes y adolescentes del territorio.

ABSTRACT The building that was built with the name of Nicolás Salvador Acea de los Ríos in the province of Las Villas is currently the physical space of "Paquito González Cueto" University Pediatric Hospital of Cienfuegos territory. That is why, we carried out a literature review using induction-deduction methods; analysis and synthesis and historical-logical method with the aim of enunciating the contribution of Nicolás Acea as benefactor of Cienfuegos in the construction of the elder's home of the same name after he died. Although there are no longer free spaces between the building and the sea walk, nor the breeze of the nearby sea that impacted fully on its façade, benefits that endorsed the construction; after the revolutionary triumph on 1st. of January 1959 changes its social purpose, but it is maintained as a vocation the health care, now of infants and adolescents of the territory.

High-speed object detection with a single-photon time-of-flight image sensor.

3D time-of-flight (ToF) imaging is used in a variety of applications such as augmented reality (AR), computer interfaces, robotics and autonomous systems. Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are one of the enabling technologies providing accurate depth data even over long ranges. By developing SPADs in array format with integrated processing combined with pulsed, flood-type illumination, high-speed 3D capture is possible. However, array sizes tend to be relatively small, limiting the lateral resolution of the resulting depth maps and, consequently, the information that can be extracted from the image for applications such as object detection. In this paper, we demonstrate that these limitations can be overcome through the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for high-performance object detection. We present outdoor results from a portable SPAD camera system that outputs 16-bin photon timing histograms with 64×32 spatial resolution, with each histogram containing thousands of photons. The results, obtained with exposure times down to 2 ms (equivalent to 500 FPS) and in signal-to-background (SBR) ratios as low as 0.05, point to the advantages of providing the CNN with full histogram data rather than point clouds alone. Alternatively, a combination of point cloud and active intensity data may be used as input, for a similar level of performance. In either case, the GPU-accelerated processing time is less than 1 ms per frame, leading to an overall latency (image acquisition plus processing) in the millisecond range, making the results relevant for safety-critical computer vision applications which would benefit from faster than human reaction times.

Efficacy and safety of intermittent repeated levosimendan infusions in advanced heart failure patients: the LAICA study.

AIMS: The aim of the LAICA study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of intermittent levosimendan infusion in patients with advanced heart failure (AdHF). METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intermittent levosimendan 0.1 µg/kg/min as a continuous 24-h intravenous infusion administered once monthly for 1 year in patients with AdHF. The primary endpoint [incidence of rehospitalization (admission to the emergency department or hospital ward for >12 h) for acute decompensated HF or clinical deterioration of the underlying HF] occurred in 23/70 (33%) of the levosimendan group (Group I) and 12/27 (44%) of the placebo group (Group II) (P = 0.286). The incidence of hospital readmissions for acute decompensated HF (Group I vs. Group II) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 4.2% vs. 18.2% (P = 0.036); 12.8% vs. 33.3% (P = 0.02); 25.7% vs. 40.7% (P = 0.147); 32.8% vs. 44.4% (P = 0.28), respectively. In a secondary pre-specified time-to-event analysis no differences were observed in admission for acute decompensated HF between patients treated with levosimendan compared with placebo (hazard ratio 0.66; 95% CI, 0.32-1.32; P = 0.24). Cumulative incidence for the aggregated endpoint of acute decompensation of HF and/or death at 1 and 3 months were significatively lower in the levosimendan group than in placebo group [5.7% vs. 25.9% (P = 0.004) and 17.1% vs. 48.1% (P = 0.001), respectively], but not at 6 and 12 months [34.2% vs. 59.2% (P = 0.025); 41.4% vs. 66.6% (P = 0.022), respectively]. Survival probability was significantly higher in patients who received levosimendan compared with those who received placebo (log rank: 4.06; P = 0.044). There were no clinically relevant differences in tolerability between levosimendan and placebo and no new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, intermittent levosimendan in patients with AdHF produced a statistically non-significant reduction in the incidence of hospital readmissions for acute decompensated HF, a significantly lower cumulative incidence of acute decompensation of HF and/or death at 1 and 3 month of treatment and a significant improvement in survival during 12 months of treatment.

SDE2 is an essential gene required for ribosome biogenesis and the regulation of alternative splicing.

RNA provides the framework for the assembly of some of the most intricate macromolecular complexes within the cell, including the spliceosome and the mature ribosome. The assembly of these complexes relies on the coordinated association of RNA with hundreds of trans-acting protein factors. While some of these trans-acting factors are RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), others are adaptor proteins, and others still, function as both. Defects in the assembly of these complexes results in a number of human pathologies including neurodegeneration and cancer. Here, we demonstrate that Silencing Defective 2 (SDE2) is both an RNA binding protein and also a trans-acting adaptor protein that functions to regulate RNA splicing and ribosome biogenesis. SDE2 depletion leads to widespread changes in alternative splicing, defects in ribosome biogenesis and ultimately complete loss of cell viability. Our data highlight SDE2 as a previously uncharacterized essential gene required for the assembly and maturation of the complexes that carry out two of the most fundamental processes in mammalian cells.

Caracterización de los factores de riesgo modificables para el cáncer colorrectal / Characterization of Modifiable Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer

RESUMEN Fundamento: el cáncer colorrectal constituye un problema sanitario de gran magnitud debido a su elevada morbimortalidad. En Cuba el cáncer de colon constituye la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer en ambos sexos. Objetivo: describir los factores de riesgo modificables para el cáncer colorrectal de los pacientes mayores de 50 años en el consultorio médico de la familia No. 4 del Policlínico Comunitario Docente José Luis Chaviano Chávez de Cienfuegos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que tuvo como universo 318 pacientes que constituyen la totalidad de la población mayor de 50 años del consultorio médico de la familia No. 4 perteneciente al Policlínico Comunitario Docente José Luis Chaviano Chávez de Cienfuegos. La muestra del estudio fue seleccionada por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple y estuvo constituida por 152 pacientes. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo y los hábitos modificables: hábito de fumar, consumo de alcohol, consumo de frutas, verduras y vegetales, realización de actividad física, consumo de carne procesada y consumo de carnes rojas. La recogida de la información se realizó por medio de una encuesta. Resultados: de los 318 pacientes del estudio el hábito de fumar estuvo presente en el 38,1 % con predomino del sexo masculino con el 48,6 %. El consumo de alcohol de riesgo se registró en el 40,7 %. El consumo de frutas, verduras y vegetales fue muy bajo con solo 5,9 %, sin diferencias entre ambos sexos. Predominó el índice de masa corporal de riesgo en el 56,7 %, con ligero predominio en el sexo femenino para un 58,5 %, además existió un alto grado de inactividad física con un 91,5 %. Conclusiones: en los pacientes del estudio predominó el hábito de fumar y el consumo de alcohol en el sexo masculino. El consumo de frutas, verduras y vegetales fue muy bajo sin diferencias entre ambos sexos. Predominó el índice de masa corporal de riesgo con ligera superioridad en el sexo femenino, existió un alto grado de inactividad física.

ABSTRACT Background: colorectal cancer constitutes a great magnitude health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality. In Cuba, colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in both sexes. Objective: to describe the modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer in patients over 50 years of age in the José Luis Chaviano Chávez Teaching Community Polyclinic Medical office of Family No. 4 in Cienfuegos. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with a universe of 318 patients that constitute the entire population over 50 years of the family No. 4 medical office belonging to the José Luis Chaviano Chávez Polyclinic in Cienfuegos. The study sample was selected by simple random probability sampling, and consisted of 152 patients. The studied variables: age, sex, and modifiable habits: smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of fruits, vegetables and vegetables, physical activity, consumption of processed meat and consumption of red meat. The information was collected through a survey. Results: of the 318 patients in the study, smoking was present in the 38.1 %, predominantly male with the 48.6 %. Risk alcohol consumption was recorded in the 40.7 %. The consumption of fruits, vegetables and vegetables was very low with only 5.9 %, without differences between both sexes. The risk body mass index predominated in 56.7 %, with a slight predominance in the female sex for 58.5 %; there is also a high degree of physical inactivity with 91.5 %. Conclusions: male smoking and alcohol consumption predominated in the study patients. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was very low without differences between both sexes. The risk body mass index predominated with a slight superiority in the female sex; there was a high degree of physical inactivity.

Actionable Cytopathogenic Host Responses of Human Alveolar Type 2 Cells to SARS-CoV-2.

Human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causative pathogen of the COVID-19 pandemic, exerts a massive health and socioeconomic crisis. The virus infects alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2s), leading to lung injury and impaired gas exchange, but the mechanisms driving infection and pathology are unclear. We performed a quantitative phosphoproteomic survey of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived AT2s (iAT2s) infected with SARS-CoV-2 at air-liquid interface (ALI). Time course analysis revealed rapid remodeling of diverse host systems, including signaling, RNA processing, translation, metabolism, nuclear integrity, protein trafficking, and cytoskeletal-microtubule organization, leading to cell cycle arrest, genotoxic stress, and innate immunity. Comparison to analogous data from transformed cell lines revealed respiratory-specific processes hijacked by SARS-CoV-2, highlighting potential novel therapeutic avenues that were validated by a high hit rate in a targeted small molecule screen in our iAT2 ALI system.

Caracterización del uso de las redes sociales por estudiantes de Medicina / Characterization of the social networks use by medical students

RESUMEN Fundamento: En la actualidad, las redes sociales se han convertido en parte de la vida cotidiana de las personas; representan una nueva forma de interacción y uno de los servicios más utilizados, especialmente por los jóvenes. Objetivo: caracterizar el uso de las redes sociales por los estudiantes de cuarto año de Medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, que tuvo como universo la totalidad de la matrícula de cuarto año de la carrera de Medicina, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos. La recogida de la información se realizó a través de encuestas. Se confeccionó una base de datos digital, y el análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo por medio de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el sexo que predominó fue el femenino, y el grupo de edad más numeroso fue el de edades entre 20 y 23 años. Refirieron que navegan en las redes el 96,3 %; y el 68,9 % ha restado tiempo al estudio y otras actividades, para dedicarlo al uso de las redes sociales. Conclusión: Existe una tendencia al uso de las redes sociales virtuales, y la más utilizada es Facebook. El tiempo de permanencia que le dedican los estudiantes es medio, motivados principalmente por la información que visualizan a través de los denominados Me gusta o Like.

ABSTRACT Background: Currently, social networks have become part of people's daily lives; they represent a new form of interaction and one of the most used services, especially by young people. Objective: to characterize the use of social networks by fourth-year medical students at the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, which had as a universe the entire enrollment of the fourth year Medicine career at the Medical Sciences Cienfuegos University. The information was collected through surveys. A digital database was created, and the statistical analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics. Results: female was the predominant sex, and the largest age group was between 20 and 23 years old. The 96.3% reported that surf through the networks; and the 68.9% have taken time away from studying and other activities, to use social networks. Conclusion: There is a tendency to use virtual social networks, and the most used is Facebook. The time spent by the students is medium, motivated mainly by the information they view through the so-called Like or Likes.