Influence of intensity ultrasound on rheological properties and bioactive compounds of araticum (Annona crassiflora) juice.

The use of extracts rich in bioactive compounds is becoming increasingly common in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries for the production of functional products. Araticum is a potential fruit to be analyzed due to its content of phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamins, with antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound on total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid, color, turbidity and rheology in araticum juice. Response surface methodology based on a central composite design was applied. Araticum juice was subjected to sonication at amplitude levels ranging from 20 to 100 % of the total power (400 W) at a constant frequency of 20 kHz for different durations (2 to 10 min). Morphological analysis was conducted to observe microscopic particles, and viscosity and suitability to rheological models (Newtonian, Power Law, and Herschel-Bulkley) were assessed. The ultrasonic probe extraction method was compared to the control juice. According to the responses, using the desirability function, the optimal conditions for extraction were determined to be low power (low amplitude) applied in a short period of time or low power applied in a prolonged time. These conditions allowed an ultrasonic probe to act on releasing bioactive compounds without degrading them. All three rheological models were suitable, with the Power Law model being the most appropriate, exhibiting non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior.

Unexpected Presentation of Tracheoesophageal Fistula During Intubation in a Pediatric Patient.

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus. This report presents a rare case of a pediatric patient who developed a TEF due to battery ingestion, which was diagnosed during intubation and resulted in cardiac arrest. A 4-year-old child with a two-year history of battery ingestion presented with severe dehydration, weight loss, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. Chest X-ray revealed a radiopaque foreign body in the esophagus. During general anesthesia for central venous line insertion and after endotracheal intubation, some difficulties in ventilation occurred, characterized by the inability to reach tidal volume, absence of capnography, and stomach distention which led to hypoxia and ultimately to cardiac arrest. Prompt resuscitation (CPR) was initiated, and selective right bronchial intubation during CPR improved the patient's condition. Subsequent bronchofibroscopy performed in the ICU confirmed the TEF, which was surgically corrected during the hospital stay. TEF poses challenges in anesthesia and airway management, particularly when positive pressure ventilation is used. In this case, the TEF was diagnosed during intubation, highlighting the critical role of clinical expertise and prompt intervention in managing this unexpected pediatric critical event.

A systematic review of assessment instruments for linguistic precursors during child development, ages 6 to 18 months.

Linguistic precursors (gaze, joint attention, gestures, social interaction, etc.) have a predictive value over the course of child development. The aim of the present review is to analyze the content structure, and the theoretical perspective, of assessment instruments that focus on linguistic precursors for the 6-18-month age group. The search was achieved through the following citation databases: BVS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, Web of Science, Google Scholar, as well as the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Elegible articles were obtained using the following terms: "neuropsychological tests," "nonverbal communication," "child language" and "infant" as well as their equivalents in Spanish and Portuguese. Twenty-six assessment instruments were found to be compatible with the eligibility criteria. From the results, 19 instruments explore various domains of linguistic precursors, while 7 are task-specific proposals. Five instruments are aimed at early detection of signs of Autistic Spectrum Disorder. The implementation of Bruner's model of communicative functions was found on 15% of the instruments. This article provides timely information for clinicians who work with children during early stages of development, in relation to the methodical monitoring, assessment and accompaniment of infants and toddlers during the prelinguistic stage.

Heat Tolerance of Siberian Husky Dogs Living in Brazil: A Case Study on the Perceptions and Attitudes of Their Owners.

The management of the thermal environment to which dogs are exposed should be included in strategies to improve their welfare. An online questionnaire was administered to 624 owners of Siberian Husky dogs residing in Brazil, with the objective of assessing their perceptions regarding their dogs' capacity to adapt to heat, and its association with the owners' routine care. Owners who believed that dogs are low-heat-tolerant animals were more likely to report heat response behaviors from their dogs. Overall, owners reported walk with their dogs during early morning, late afternoon and nighttime. They also reported solar radiation as the primary criteria for determining the time to walk with their dogs. However, owners who reported walking with their dogs at noon mentioned time availability as their primary criteria. In conclusion, owners perceive Siberian Husky dogs living in Brazil as being poorly adapted to heat, and this perception appeared to influence their positive attitudes towards protecting their dogs from heat stress by choosing to walk them during times with less solar exposure. However, the lack of time for owners to walk with their dogs during cooler periods can still be a risk factor in exposing the animals to extreme hot conditions.

Microencapsulation of ß-carotene using barley residue proteins from beer waste as coating material.

This study aimed to produce and characterise microparticles produced from barley residue proteins (BRP) enriched with ß-carotene. The microparticles were obtained by freeze-drying five emulsion formulations with 0.5% w/w whey protein concentrate and different concentrations of maltodextrin and BRP (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0% w/w), with the dispersed phase consisting of corn oil enriched with ß-carotene. The mixtures were mechanically mixed and sonicated, the formed emulsions were freeze-drying. The microparticles obtained were tested for encapsulation efficiency, humidity, hygroscopicity, apparent density, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), accelerated stability and bioaccessibility. Microparticles produced with the emulsion containing 6% w/w BRP had lower moisture content (3.47 ± 0.05%), higher encapsulation efficiency (69.11 ± 3.36%), bioaccessibility value of 84.1% and greater ß-carotene protection against thermal degradation. SEM analysis showed that microparticles had sizes ranging from 74.4 to 244.8 µm. These results show that BRP are viable for the microencapsulation of bioactive compounds by freeze-drying.

Use and need of removable dental prostheses in an institutionalized Brazilian elderly population: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to assess the use and need of conventional removable prostheses (total and partial) and their associated factors among institutionalized elders. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1003 elderly people living in non-profit private long-term care institutions in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Inclusion criteria required a minimum Mini Mental State of Examination (MMSE) score of 21. After the test, 191 individuals were included. Oral examination and interviews were conducted to identify participants' use (throughout the day/every day) and need (do not have/have but do not use) of removable dental prostheses. Socioeconomic health indicators and behaviours were collected from institutional records and via interviews. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test (p<0.05). Poisson regression with robust variance was used in multivariate analysis. Most elders were female (76.4%) and independent in their daily activities (56.5%). Elderly men (PR 1.26) and those whose dental visit was more than one year ago (PR 1.38) showed higher need of dental prostheses. Elderly women (PR 1.68) and individuals with morbidities (PR 1.33) had higher prostheses use. This study demonstrates how socio-demographic characteristics, health indicators, and oral health services impact the use and need of dental prostheses among elders and how these can contribute to public oral health policy development.

Grain production fatty acid and oil profile from sunflower cultivars receiving different boron doses / Produção de grãos, perfil de óleo e ácido graxo em cultivares de girassol submetidos a diferentes doses de boro

Among the main factors that affect the productivity of crops is deficiency of nutrients. Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and sunflower is one of the most sensitive plants to deficiency of the element. Its inadequate supply can impair sunflower plants' metabolism and grain and oil yield. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different boron doses on the production of sunflower grains and the content and quality of the oil obtained from them. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme with three cultivars (Helio251, BRS323, BRS324) and four B doses (0, 2.5, 5.0, 8.0 kg ha-1). Two harvests were performed, the first in the R5 reproductive stage and the second at the end of the R9 cycle. In both cases, the levels of B in the capitulum were measured. At the end of the cycle, the grain yield, crude protein and oil content in the grains and fatty acid profile were analyzed. The cultivars responded differently to the treatments with B. The boron fertilization influenced the grain yield and oil content, but was not correlated with the profile of the majority unsaturated fatty acids and crude protein in the grains. Variations were observed in the fatty acid profile between the cultivars, an important aspect that needs to be evaluated according to the purpose of the production. In soil with lower availability of B, cultivar BRS323 was most efficient in B uptake, grain yield and oil content and quality.

Dentre os principais fatores que afetam a produtividade das culturas está a deficiência de nutrientes. O Boro (B) é um micronutriente essencial para plantas, e o girassol é uma das mais sensíveis à deficiência desse elemento. Seu fornecimento inadequado pode prejudicar o metabolismo, a produção de óleo e grãos das plantas de girassol. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de boro na produção de grãos, conteúdo a qualidade do óleo de girassol. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial com três cultivares (Helio251, BRS323, BRS324) e quatro doses de B (0; 2,5; 5,0; 8,0 kg ha-1). Foram realizadas duas coletas, a primeira na fase reprodutiva R5 e a segunda no final do ciclo R9. Em ambos os casos, os níveis de B no capítulo foram medidos. No final do ciclo, foram analisados a produção de grãos, teor de proteína bruta e óleo nos grãos e perfil de ácidos graxos. Os cultivares responderam diferentemente aos tratamentos com B. A adubação com boro influenciou o rendimento de grãos e teor de óleo, mas não se correlacionou com o perfil da maioria dos ácidos graxos insaturados e da proteína bruta nos grãos. Foram observadas variações no perfil de ácidos graxos entre cultivares, um aspecto importante que precisa ser avaliado de acordo com a finalidade da produção. No solo com menor disponibilidade de B, o cultivar BRS323 foi mais eficiente na absorção de B, rendimento de grãos, teor e qualidade de óleo.

Multiple bilateral fibroadenoma of the breast and axillary accessory breast: case report / Múltiplos fibroadenomas de mama bilateral e de mama acessória axilar: relato de caso

This article has presented a rare case of multiple fibroadenomas of the breasts and axillary accessory breast. In the light of current knowledge, the most proper management is discussed. A 37-year-old woman was referred to our Breast Service due to complaint of a right axillary accessory breast nodule. On physical examination, there were no palpable breast nodules. Bilateral axillary accessory breast was observed with a right breast nodule and no alterations in the left breast. Mammography and ultrasonography demonstrated multiple bilateral breast nodules with benign characteristics and a possible malignancy in the right axillary nodule. The patient underwent a fine needle aspiration biopsy guided by ultrasonography of the largest nodule in each breast and of the nodule in the right axillary accessory breast. Cytologically, all nodules had benign characteristics. A diagnostic hypothesis of fibroadenoma was formulated. The patient underwent surgical removal of the right axillary nodule. The histopathological examination demonstrated fibroadenoma. Conservative management was chosen for the axillary accessory breasts and multiple breast fibroadenomas. At 11-month follow-up, there was neither recurrence of the right axillary nodule nor changes in the fibroadenomas. Conservative management of axillary accessory breast is possible. However, axillary accessory breast tissue may be affected by neoplasia. In cases of possible malignancy, the investigation should be carried out through the same clinical work-up used for normally-positioned breasts. In the presence of multiple bilateral fibroadenomas in the breasts, conservative management can be safely adopted.

Apresentamos um caso raro de múltiplos fibroadenomas envolvendo as mamas e a mama acessória axilar. À luz do conhecimento atual, a conduta mais adequada é discutida. Uma mulher de 37 anos foi encaminhada ao Serviço de Mastologia em função da queixa de nódulo em mama acessória axilar direita. No exame físico, não havia nódulos palpáveis nas mamas. Observou-se mama acessória axilar bilateral com nódulo à direita e sem alterações à esquerda. Mamografia e ultrassonografia demonstraram múltiplos nódulos de mama bilateral com características benignas e um nódulo suspeito de malignidade na axila direita. A paciente submeteu-se à punção aspirativa com agulha fina guiada por ultrassonografia do maior nódulo de cada mama e do nódulo na mama acessória axilar direita. Citologicamente, todos os nódulos apresentaram características benignas. Formulou-se a hipótese diagnóstica de fibroadenoma. Paciente submeteu-se à remoção cirúrgica do nódulo na axila direita. O exame histopatológico demonstrou fibroadenoma. Decidiu-se por uma conduta conservadora para as mamas acessórias axilares e múltiplos fibroadenomas mamários. Após 11 meses de seguimento, não houve recidiva do nódulo na axila direita nem alterações dos fibroadenomas. A conduta conservadora na mama acessória axilar é possível, porém o tecido mamário acessório pode ser afetado por neoplasia. Nos casos suspeitos de malignidade, a investigação deve ser conduzida com os mesmos recursos propedêuticos utilizados nas mamas normalmente posicionadas. Na presença de múltiplos fibroadenomas nas mamas, a conduta conservadora pode ser adotada com segurança.

Primary osteosarcoma of the breast: pathological and imaging findings / Osteossarcoma primário da mama: achados patológicos e de imagem

SUMMARY Primary osteosarcoma of the breast (POB) is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor. Differential diagnosis of POB includes osteosarcoma of the chest wall and metaplastic breast carcinoma. Imaging tests that exclude the existence of a direct connection between the tumor and chest wall, as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical studies that rule out the presence of an epithelial component are required for the diagnosis of POB. We report a case of a 69-year old woman with POB. Imaging and pathological findings are presented. Therapeutic approach is discussed in the light of current knowledge, including potential complications.

RESUMO O osteossarcoma primário da mama (OPM) é um tumor extremamente raro e agressivo. O diagnóstico diferencial do OPM inclui o osteossarcoma da parede torácica e o carcinoma metaplásico da mama. Exames de imagem que excluam a existência de uma conexão direta entre o tumor e a parede torácica, e estudos histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico que descartem a presença de um componente epitelial são necessários para o diagnóstico de OPM. Relatamos um caso de OPM em uma mulher de 69 anos de idade. Os achados de imagem e patológicos são apresentados. A abordagem terapêutica é discutida à luz do conhecimento atual, incluindo potenciais complicações.

Primary osteosarcoma of the breast: pathological and imaging findings.

Primary osteosarcoma of the breast (POB) is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor. Differential diagnosis of POB includes osteosarcoma of the chest wall and metaplastic breast carcinoma. Imaging tests that exclude the existence of a direct connection between the tumor and chest wall, as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical studies that rule out the presence of an epithelial component are required for the diagnosis of POB. We report a case of a 69-year old woman with POB. Imaging and pathological findings are presented. Therapeutic approach is discussed in the light of current knowledge, including potential complications.

Avaliação da capacidade funcional em pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar / Assessment of functional capacity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Introdução: A cada ano são registrados mais de 8 milhões de novos casos de tuberculose pulmonar (TB) em todo o mundo, correspondendo a 2,7 milhões de óbitos e uma diversidade de complicações decorrentes da doença. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade funcional de pacientes com TB por meio do teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). Métodos: Foram avaliados 20 pacientes adultos, recrutados por conveniência das enfermarias de um hospital público especializado em Salvador/BA, com diagnóstico de TB, estáveis e que não apresentassem outra doença pulmonar e/ou problemas musculoesqueléticos e neuromusculares que pudessem impedir a realização do TC6. Os pacientes com déficit de compreensão foram excluídos. Utilizou-se o teste Kolmogorov-Simirnov para avaliação da distribuição dos dados, e como os dados foram paramétricos, o teste t de student foi utilizado para comparar a distância percorrida e prevista no TC6. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5% e a análise foi realizada através do software SPSS. Resultados: Observou-se redução da capacidade funcional dos pacientes através do teste t student pareado para a distância percorrida e a distância prevista de acordo com equação de predição de Enright e Sherrill (387,26/689;p < 0,001). Na comparação dos que abandonaram o tratamento e os que não abandonaram não houve diferença significativa em relação à distância caminhada (352/404, p = 0,3). A idade inferior a 38 anos foi um fator significativo na redução da capacidade funcional.Conclusão: Os indivíduos com TB apresentaram diminuição da capacidade funcional, sendo a idade um fator relacionado a essa diminuição.

Introduction: More than 8 million new pulmonary tuberculosis(PT) cases are registered around the world every year. This corresponds to 2.7 million of deaths and a diversity of disease complicating. Objective: Evaluating PT patients’ functional capacity by a six-minute walk test (6WT). Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with TB were recruited by a PT specialized public hospital in Salvador, Bahia. Those patients should not present any other lung diseaseor skeletal muscle system complication which might prevent from developing the 6WT test. Patients with deficit of understanding were excluded. The Kolmogorov-Simirnov test was used for statistical data. Parametric data was used and a specific test was applied in order to compare the information achieved. A 5% level of significance has been determined by software SPSS analysis. Results: A reduction in functional ability was observed by comparing the length expected and covered as reported by Enrihgt and Sherrill (387.26/689; p <0.001). No difference was observed by comparing those who left the treatment and those who did not leave it. Patients < 38 years old had a significant reduction of functional capacity. Conclusion: Patients with PT presented functional capacity diminution, especially when age is < 38 years old.