New dimensions of electrospun nanofiber material designs for biotechnological uses.

Electrospinning technology has garnered wide attention over the past few decades in various biomedical applications including drug delivery, cell therapy, and tissue engineering. This technology can create nanofibers with tunable fiber diameters and functionalities. However, the 2D membrane nature of the nanofibers, as well as the rigidity and low porosity of electrospun fibers, lower their efficacy in tissue repair and regeneration. Recently, new avenues have been explored to resolve the challenges associated with 2D electrospun nanofiber membranes. This review discusses recent trends in creating different electrospun nanofiber microstructures from 2D nanofiber membranes by using various post-processing methods, as well as their biotechnological applications.

Recent advances in biopolymer-based hemostatic materials.

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths, in hospital and prehospital settings. Hemostasis is a complex mechanism that involves a cascade of clotting factors and proteins that result in the formation of a strong clot. In certain surgical and emergency situations, hemostatic agents are needed to achieve faster blood coagulation to prevent the patient from experiencing a severe hemorrhagic shock. Therefore, it is critical to consider appropriate materials and designs for hemostatic agents. Many materials have been fabricated as hemostatic agents, including synthetic and naturally derived polymers. Compared to synthetic polymers, natural polymers or biopolymers, which include polysaccharides and polypeptides, have greater biocompatibility, biodegradability and processibility. Thus, in this review, we focus on biopolymer-based hemostatic agents of different forms, such as powder, particles, sponges and hydrogels. Finally, we discuss biopolymer-based hemostatic materials currently in clinical trials and offer insight into next-generation hemostats for clinical translation.

Estilos de vida relacionados con la salud en estudiantes de Enfermería / Lifestyles health related in Nursing students

Introducción: los cambios de conductas saludables a las no saludables ponen en riesgo la salud, los universitarios son una población muy vulnerable para adoptar estilos de vida que puedan favorecer su calidad de vida. El consumo de alcohol y tabaco como conducta es un tema importante en esta etapa de formación profesional. Objetivo: determinar las conductas de estilo de vida relacionados con la salud como el consumo de cigarrillos, alcohol y drogas, hábitos alimentarios, forma física, control del estrés y seguridad que realizan los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, México. Metodología: estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal en una muestra de 666 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados: predominó el género femenino con 83%, el 62.8% presenta un buen estilo de vida, seguido del 30.3% que tiene un excelente estilo de vida; el 79.1% corresponde a los estudiantes que no fuman y el 37.8% de los estudiantes tiene una buena alimentación. Los estudiantes calificaron su forma física como regular en el 41% de los casos, seguida de mala con el 34.5%. En cuanto a la práctica de control del estrés calificaron como buena con un 50.8% y excelente con 26.1%. Conclusión: los estudiantes de Enfermería tienen un nivel de estilo de vida bueno relacionado con la salud, los más practicados corresponden a las dimensiones de consumo de alcohol, hábitos alimentarios, control de estrés y seguridad. Es importante considerar la dimensión relacionada con la forma física (práctica de ejercicio físico), ya que se practica ocasionalmente, lo que demuestra que los estudiantes llevan un estilo de vida sedentario.

Introduction: Changes from healthy to unhealthy behaviors put health at risk, so university students are a very vulnerable population to adopt lifestyles that can favor their quality of life. The consumption of alcohol and tobacco as conduct is an important issue at this stage of professional training. Objective: To determine the lifestyle behaviors related to health such as the consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and drugs, eating habits, physical fitness, stress control and safety carried out by the students of the Bachelor of Nursing at the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, in Mexico. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study in a sample of 666 Nursing undergraduate students selected by non-probabilistic sampling. Results: The female gender predominated with 83%, 62.8% have a good lifestyle, followed by 30.3% who have an excellent lifestyle; 79.1% corresponds to students who do not smoke and 37.8% of students have a good diet. The students rated their physical fitness as fair in 41% of the cases, followed by poor with 34.5%. Regarding the practice of stress control, they qualified as good with 50.8% and excellent with 26.1%. Conclusion: Nursing students have a good level of lifestyle related to health, the most practiced correspond to the dimensions of alcohol consumption, eating habits, stress control and safety. It is important to consider the dimension related to physical fitness (practice of physical exercise), since it is only practiced occasionally, which shows that students lead a sedentary lifestyle.

Actitudes del personal de enfermería ante la muerte de sus pacientes / Atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem frente à morte dos pacientes / Nursing Staff Attitudes Towards Patients' Death

Introducción: El proceso de morir se ha desplazado a lo largo de la historia desde la familia y el hogar hasta los profesionales de salud y los hospitales. Cuidar demanda actitudes, conocimientos y destrezas que se deben adquirir y perfeccionarse durante la formación disciplinar. Objetivo: Explorar las actitudes que muestra el personal de enfermería que labora en áreas hospitalarias críticas ante el proceso de la muerte de pacientes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, bajo un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia se obtuvo una muestra final de 71 enfermeras profesionales que laboran en áreas críticas de dos hospitales de alta especialidad en Tabasco, México. El instrumento utilizado fue "Actitudes ante la muerte" (CAM-2), traducido del original de Martin y Salovely. Resultados: Los profesionales de enfermería que participaron en el estudio tienen una edad promedio de 32.5 años (DE=7), donde el 71.8% de los participantes pertenecen al sexo femenino. El 67.6% del personal de enfermería muestra una actitud de indiferencia ante la muerte, solo un 9.9% muestra una actitud positiva. Con relación a la perspectiva de actitud de temor el 46.5% manifiesta que pensar en la muerte les genera ansiedad, mientras que el 39.4% ve la muerte de los pacientes como algo natural. Conclusiones: El personal de enfermería posee sentimientos de indiferencia ante el cuidado del paciente ante la muerte, sin embargo, consideran que aceptar su propia muerte los lleva a cuidar con más libertad.

Introduction: The dying process has historically shifted from family and home settings to healthcare professionals and hospital settings. Caring involves attitudes, knowledge and skills that should be acquired and honed through nursing training. Objective: To explore nursing staff attitudes who work in critical hospital departments when faced with the process of dying patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability convenience sampling, from which a final sample of 71 professional nurses who work in critical departments of higher-level specialty hospitals in Tabasco, Mexico was obtained. The CAM-2 Attitudes Towards Death instrument originally developed by Martin & Salovely was translated and applied. Results: The average age of nursing professionals participating in this study were 32.5 years (SD=7), of which 71.8% were women. 67.6% of nurses had an attitude of indifference to death and only 9.9% had a positive attitude. From an attitude of fear perspective, 46.5% of the nurses expressed that thinking about death causes them anxiety, while 39.4% considered the death of patients as something natural. Conclusions: Nursing staff feel indifferent to patient care when facing death. However, nurses believe that accepting their own death leads them to care more freely.

Introdução: O processo de morte passou ao longo da história da família e do lar para profissionais de saúde e hospitais. O cuidado exige atitudes, conhecimentos e habilidades que devem ser adquiridos e aperfeiçoados através do treinamento de enfermagem. Objetivo: Explorar as atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham em áreas hospitalares críticas frente ao processo de morte de pacientes. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal com base em uma amostragem não-probabilística por conveniência, foi obtida uma amostra final de 71 enfermeiros profissionais que trabalham em áreas críticas de hospitais especializados em alta complexidade em Tabasco, México. O instrumento CAM-2 Atitudes frente à morte originalmente desenvolvido pela Martin & Salovely foi traduzido e aplicado. Resultados: A idade média dos profissionais de enfermagem que participaram deste estudo foi de 32,5 anos (SD=7), onde 71,8% dos participantes eram do sexo feminino. 67,6% dos enfermeiros mostraram uma atitude de indiferença em relação à morte e apenas 9,9% mostraram uma atitude positiva. Em relação à perspectiva de uma atitude de medo, 46,5% dos enfermeiros expressaram que pensar na morte gera ansiedade, enquanto 39,4% consideraram a morte dos pacientes como algo natural. Conclusões: Os profissionais de enfermagem se sentem indiferentes em relação aos cuidados do paciente frente à morte. No entanto, eles sentem que aceitar sua própria morte os leva a cuidar mais livremente.

Initiation-specific alleles of the Cdc45 helicase-activating protein.

The committed step in DNA replication initiation is the activation of the Mcm2-7 replicative DNA helicase. Two activators, Cdc45 and GINS, associate with Mcm2-7 at origins of replication to form the CMG complex, which is the active eukaryotic replicative helicase. These activators function during both replication initiation and elongation, however, it remains unclear whether Cdc45 performs the same function(s) during both events. Here, we describe the genetic and biochemical characterization of seven Cdc45 mutations. Three of these mutations are temperature-sensitive lethal mutations in CDC45. Intriguingly, these mutants are defective for DNA replication initiation but not elongation. Consistent with an initiation defect, all three temperature-sensitive mutants are defective for CMG formation. Two of the lethal mutants are located within the RecJ-like domain of Cdc45 confirming the importance of this region for Cdc45 function. The remaining two lethal mutations localize to an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of Cdc45 that is found in all eukaryotes. Despite the lethality of these IDR substitution mutants, Cdc45 lacking the IDR retains full function. Together, our data provide insights into the functional importance of Cdc45 domains and suggest that the requirements for Cdc45 function during DNA replication initiation are distinct from those involved in replication elongation.

Cultura de seguridad del paciente: percepción del personal de una unidad de medicina familiar en Tabasco, México / Patient safety culture: perception of the staff from a family medicine center in Tabasco, Mexico

Introducción: una cultura de seguridad positiva se caracteriza por una comunicación basada en la confianza mutua, en compartir la percepción de lo importante de la seguridad y la confianza en la eficacia de las acciones preventivas. Objetivo: determinar la percepción de los profesionales sanitarios y no sanitarios sobre la cultura de seguridad del paciente en una unidad de medicina familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en el estado de Tabasco, México. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal con personal sanitario y no sanitario de una unidad de medicina familiar. Para evaluar la cultura de seguridad del paciente, se utilizó el cuestionario "Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture" (MOSPSC), para su uso por los equipos de atención primaria del Sistema Nacional de Salud de España. Para el análisis, se estimaron puntuaciones positivas y negativas por cada dimensión con el uso de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: las dimensiones con mayor puntuación fueron Trabajo en equipo (65%) y Seguimiento del cuidado del paciente (63%), no así Presión y ritmo de trabajo (29%), Comunicación y receptividad (30%) y Apoyo de la dirección para la seguridad del paciente (30%). Conclusiones: el estudio nos permitió identificar áreas de oportunidad en lo referente a la cultura de seguridad del paciente y también nos ayudó a planificar, diseñar e implementar estrategias a su favor. Si promovemos la seguridad del paciente, promovemos la seguridad del personal sanitario y no sanitario.

Introduction: A positive security culture is characterized by communication based on mutual trust, sharing the perception of the importance of security and confidence in the effectiveness of preventive actions. Objective: To determine the perception of health and non-health professionals about patient safety culture in a family medicine center from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social at the State of Tabasco, México. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with health and non-health staff from a family medicine center. To evalúate patient safety culture, it was used the Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) questionnaire, which have been used by the primary care teams of the National Health System of Spain. For the analysis, positive and negative scores were estimated for each dimensión with the use of descriptive statistics. Results: The dimensions with the highest scores were Teamwork (65%) and Patient care follow-up (63%), whereas the dimensions with the lowest scores were Work pressure and pace (29%), Communication openness (30%) and Management support for patient safety (30%). Condusions: The study allowed us to identify areas of opportunity related to patient safety culture and in the planning, design and implementation of strategies in favor of patient safety. If we promote patient safety, we promote the safety of health and non-health staff.

Factores de riesgo de infección puerperal en el Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo 2016-2018 / Facores de risco de infecção puerperal no Hospital Geral Universitario Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo 2016-2018 / Risk factors of puerperal infection in the Teaching General Hospital Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo 2016-2018

Introducción: la prevención de la infección puerperal es una exigencia social. Objetivo: precisar la asociación entre rotura de membranas ovulares, infección cervicovaginal y corioamnionitis, y presentación de infección puerperal en puérperas atendidas en el servicio de Obstetriciadel Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto durante los años 2016-2018. Método: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles. El universo se conformó por todas las puérperas con infección puerperal (n=622) y de estas últimas se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 60 pacientes, las que constituyeron el grupo de casos y se eligió un grupo de pacientes sin infección puerperal (n=120) que conformaron el grupo control. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: edad en años, tiempo de rotura de membranas ovulares, diagnóstico de infección cervicovaginal y corioamnionitis y vía del parto. Resultados: predominaron las edades entre 20 y 29 años en los casos (41,7 por ciento) y controles (48,3 por ciento). Existieron evidencias estadísticamente significativas, con una confiabilidad del 95 por ciento, de que la rotura de membranas de más de 24 horas, la infección cervicovaginal y la corioamnionitis fueron factores de riesgo de infección puerperal. Predominó la vía vaginal en los casos (60 por ciento) y controles (61,7 por ciento), que no resultó estadísticamente significativa asociada a la infección puerperal. Conclusiones: las puérperas con rotura de membranas ovulares de más de 24 horas, infección cervicovaginal y corioamnionitis presentaron mayor riesgo de infección puerperal(AU)

Introduction: the prevention of puerperal infection is a social requirement. Objective: to specify the association between rupture of ovular membranes, cervicovaginal infection and chorioamnionitis and the presentation of puerperal infection in puerperal women attended in the Obstetrics Service of the Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto during the years 2016-2018. Method: a study was conducted of cases and controls. The universe was formed by all puerperal puerperal infections (n=622), and of the latter a sample was selected for convenience of 60 patients, which constituted the group of cases; a group of patients without puerperal infection (n=120) who formed the control group was chosen. The following variables were studied: age in years, time of rupture of ovular membranes, diagnosis of cervicovaginal infection and chorioamnionitis and birth pathway. Results: ages between 20 and 29 years predominated in cases (41.7 per cent) and controls (48.3per cent). There was statistically significant evidence, with a reliability of 95per cent, that the rupture of membranes over 24 hours, cervicovaginal infection and chorioamnionitis were risk factors for puerperal infection. The vaginalroute predominated in the cases (60per cent) and controls (61.7per cent), which was not statistically significant associated with puerperal infection. Conclusions: puerperal women with ruptured ovular membranes over 24 hours, cervicovaginal infection and chorioamnionitis presented a higher risk of puerperal infection(AU)

Introdução: a prevenção da infecção puerperal é uma exigência social. Objetivo: Para esclarecer a associação entre a ruptura de membranas, infecção cérvico-vaginal e corioamnionite e apresentação de infecção puerperal em puérperas atendidas no Departamento de Obstetrícia Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital durante os anos de 2016-2018. Método: foi realizado um estudo de casos e controles. O universo foi formado por todas as infecções puerperais no puerpério (n=622) e, deste último, uma amostra foi selecionada por conveniência de 60 pacientes, constituindo o grupo de casos; um grupo de pacientes sem infecção puerperal (n=120) que formou o grupo controle foi escolhido. As seguintes variáveis foram estudadas: idade em anos, tempo de ruptura das membranas ovulares, diagnóstico de infecção cervicovaginal e corioamnionite e via de nascimento. Resultados: as idades entre 20 e 29 anos predominaram nos casos (41,7por cento) e controles (48,3por cento). Houve evidência estatisticamente significativa, com uma confiança de 95por cento, que a ruptura das membranas durante mais de 24 horas, a infecção genital do corioamniotite e eram factores de risco infecção puerperal. A via vaginal predominou nos casos (60por cento) e controles (61,7por cento), o que não foi estatisticamente significante associado à infecção puerperal. Conclusões: puérperas com ruptura de membranas ovulares por 24 horas, infecção cervicovaginal e corioamnionite apresentaram maior risco de infecção puerperal(AU)

NEUTRON CHARACTERIZATION OF ENSA-DPT TYPE SPENT FUEL CASK AT TRILLO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT.

The Neutron Standards Laboratory of CIEMAT has conducted the characterization of the independent spent fuel storage installation at the Trillo Nuclear Power Plant. At this facility, the spent fuel assemblies are stored in ENSA-DPT type dual purpose casks. Neutron characterization was performed by dosimetry measurements with a neutron survey meter (LB6411) inside the facility, around an individual cask and between stored casks, and outside the facility. Spectra measurements were also performed with a Bonner sphere system in order to determine the integral quantities and validate the use of the neutron monitor at the different positions. Inside the facility, measured neutron spectra and neutron ambient dose equivalent rate are consistent with the casks spatial distribution and neutron emission rates, and measurements with both instruments are consistent with each other. Outside the facility, measured neutron ambient dose equivalent rates are well below the 0.5 µSv/h limit established by the nuclear regulatory authority.

Satisfacción del prestador de servicio social de enfermería en el sistema estatal de salud de México / Satisfaction of the nursing social service provider in the state system of health from Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN: El servicio social es una actividad académica, en Latinoamérica se ha centrado en dos tipos el de pregrado y el profesional después de una especialización; aunque se encuentra reglamentado está sustentado en un marco jurídico difuso y con una gran dispersión normativa. OBJETIVO: Determinar el grado de satisfacción física, afectiva, económica y académica del prestador del servicio social de enfermería en las instituciones de salud. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, muestreo por censo, se aplicó el instrumento denominado Escala para valorar la satisfacción del prestador de servicio social, procesamiento en paquete estadístico SPSS. RESULTADOS: 241 pasantes de servicio social, referente a la satisfacción con la supervisión y la participación en la organización el 46,1% está muy satisfecho, 39,8% totalmente satisfecho, el 50,6% muy satisfecho con el ambiente Cruz León A, Reyes López J, Osorio Pintado A…. 2018, Horiz Enferm,29,2,172-183 173 físico de trabajo y solo un 5,8% insatisfecho. En el trabajo personal el 46,1% y el 42,7% se encuentran muy y totalmente satisfechos, respecto a la satisfacción con la remuneración económica y prestaciones básicas, 45,2% está parcialmente satisfechos, 25,3% muy satisfechos, 16,2% insatisfechos, y 4,6% muy insatisfecho. En la satisfacción con las relaciones interpersonales 46,5% están muy satisfechos y .8% muy insatisfecho. CONCLUSIONES: Los prestadores del servicio social se encuentran en el nivel de muy satisfechos con respecto a sus actividades académicas relacionadas con su servicio social. El nivel de satisfacción más sobresaliente se encontró en la dimensión de ambiente físico de trabajo.

INTRODUCTION: The social service is an academic activity, in Latin American has focused in two types, in the undergraduate and the professional after a specialization; although it is regulated, it is supported in a legal framework diffused and with a great regulated dispersion. OBJECTIVE: Determine the level of physical, emotional, economical and academic satisfaction of the nursing social service provider in the health institutions. METHODS: The descriptive, transverse study, the sampling survey, there was applied the resource called Scale to value the satisfaction of the social service provider, processing in statistics package SPSS. RESULTS: 241 social service interns, concerning to the satisfaction with the supervision and the participation in the organization the 46.1% is very satisfied. 39.8% totally satisfy, the 50.6% very satisfied with the physical environment of working and only a 5.8% unsatisfied. In the personal work the 46.1% and the 42.7% they are very and totally satisfied, in relation to the satisfaction with the monetary reward and the basic compensations, 45.2% are partially satisfied, 25.3% very satisfied, 16.2% unsatisfied, and 4.6% very unsatisfied. In the satisfaction with the interpersonal relationships 46.5% are very satisfied and .8% very unsatisfied. CONCLUSION: The social service providers are in the level of very satisfied in relation to the academic activities related with the social service. The highest level of satisfaction was found in the dimension of physical environment of working.

Current distribution and characterization of the wild grapevine populations in Andalusia (Spain).

For decades, human activities have gradually destroyed the natural habitats of wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, and nowadays this species is endangered in southern Europe. In this paper, 94 populations of this species have been localized and characterized in the Andalusian region in the Iberian Peninsula between 1989 and 2013. Location, ecological aspects, and sanitary characteristics are described. Must properties and in vitro tolerance to calcareous conditions were also checked. The paper also contains a global description of female and male individuals. Two hundred individuals from six river basin populations have been sampled, and their genetic structure analyzed by using 25 nuclear microsatellites loci to investigate the gene diversity of wild grape populations in Andalusia at two levels: total individuals and at river basin populations. Also, the genetic relationship of wild and cultivated accessions has been tested. Wild grapevine is considered the ancestor of the cultivated varieties and should be preserved as this material could be used to start breeding programs of cultivated varieties and also to restore riverbank forests, which constitute one of the worst preserved ecosystems in the area.

The Antinociceptive Effect of a Tapentadol-Ketorolac Combination in a Mouse Model of Trigeminal Pain is Mediated by Opioid Receptors and ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels.

Preclinical Research The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinoceptive interaction between the opioid analgesic, tapentadol, and the NSAID, ketorolac, in the mouse orofacial formalin test. Tapentadol or ketorolac were administered ip 15 min before orofacial formalin injection. The effect of the individual drugs was used to calculate their ED50 values and different proportions (tapentadol-ketorolac in 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3) were assayed in the orofacial test using isobolographic analysis and interaction index to evaluate the interaction between the drugs. The combination showed antinociceptive synergistic and additive effects in the first and second phase of the orofacial formalin test. Naloxone and glibenclamide were used to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action and both partially reversed the antinociception produced by the tapentadol-ketorolac combination. These data suggest that the mixture of tapentadol and ketorolac produces additive or synergistic interactions via opioid receptors and ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the orofacial formalin-induced nociception model in mice. Drug Dev Res 78 : 63-70, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Medicinal and local food plants in the south of Alava (Basque Country, Spain).

ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE: Medicinal and food plants in the Basque Country are an integral part of a fast changing culture. With a distinct tradition and language, this region of Europe provides an important example demonstrating the changing role of local and traditional knowledge in industrial countries. As other Mediterranean regions it preserves a rich heritage of using plants as medicine and food, offering a unique opportunity for studying the medicine food interface in an ethnopharmacological context. Therefore, the key goal of this study has been to contribute to an understanding of local and traditional plant usage, to evaluate their uses as food and medicine as well as to critically assess the role of these plants in the south of the Basque Country contributing to an understanding of how foods and medicines are used. METHODS: A mixed methods approach, including participant observation; open and semi structured interviews was used. Ethnobotanical field work included 183 people, ages ranged from 24 to 98 years old with a majority being between 70 and 80 years old (mean age 71) from 31 towns of three different regions. The basic interview was a one-to-one meeting, which often included field walking and collection of samples as directed by the informants. 700 voucher specimens (most of them with duplicates) were collected for the data obtained. Using SPSS version 20 the gathered information was processed and the replies of the different informants were subsequently organised in variables like medicine and food plants, part of the plants used, forms of preparations, zones preferred for collecting these plants. The data were analysed based on the frequency of records. This type of approach allows us to understand the way the informant's categorize the species, and how these categories are distributed along the sample. In order to analyse the data three main categories of use were distinguished: Medicine (M), Food (F) and an intermediate Health-Food (H-F). The three categories were divided in 27 subcategories (common uses). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The informants recognise and use a total of 184 species from 49 families. During interviews, 5658 individual use-reports were collected relating to three use-categories - as medicines, food and health-food. The two main groups with almost the same number of species each are health-food (75 species) and (locally gathered) food only (73), with medicinal uses only (36) being the smallest group. This highlights the important overlap between food and medicines. Overall, three core families were identified (based on the number of use reports and in the number of species): Asteraceae (25 species), Lamiaceae and Rosaceae (24 each). The most frequently reported species are Jasonia glutinosa, Chamaemelum nobile, Prunus spinosa and Quercus ilex subsp. ballota. The most important general use-subcategories are as raw vegetables (27.43% of the use-reports and including 81 species), infusions (14.74%/42) and gastrointestinal (12.53%/42). Conceptually foods and medicines are clearly distinguished but the intermediate group of health foods is more ambiguous. CONCLUSION: Food and medicinal uses of plants are culturally closely linked. A wide range of plants are known and many still used. The analysis shows that the Basques use a wide range of species which are typical for Western European cultures. In comparison to other studies in the Mediterranean countries there are many similarities in the uses of different families, species of plants and their use and preparations. Some of these plants are key Mediterranean species, often used for a multitude of uses as food and medicine.

Hidrocefalia ligada al cromosoma X o síndrome de Bickers-Adams: presentación de un caso / X-linked hydrocephalus or Bickers-Adams syndrome: a case presentation

Introducción: la hidrocefalia es una enfermedad con transmisión recesiva ligada al cromosoma X, y una tasa de recurrencia del 50 por ciento en los fetos masculinos. Es la forma más común genética de hidrocefalia congénita, con una incidencia de 1 / 30, 000 nacimientos de varones. Se caracteriza por la dilatación de los ventrículos laterales y el retraso mental, suelen ser graves. Caso clínico: recién nacido que al momento de su nacimiento se observa con macrocefalia evidente con antecedente familiar de un primo con el mismo problema, con igual cuadro clínico y la misma neuroimagen por lo que se diagnosticó una hidrocefalia ligada al cromosoma X. Conclusiones: el caso que se presentó por sus características clínicas y el estudio de scanner cerebral se pudo llegar a un diagnóstico de hidrocefalia ligada al cromosoma X o llamado síndrome de Bickers-Adams.

Introduction: hydrocephalus (HL) is a recessive transmission disease linked to X- chromosome. It presents a 50 % recurrence rate in male fetuses. It is the commonest form of congenital hydrocephalus, with an incidence of 1/30 000 male births. It is characterized by dilation of lateral ventricles and mental retardation, usually severe. Clinical case: a newborn at birth is observed with evident macrocephaly with a family history of a cousin with the same problem. X-linked hydrocephalus (HLX) was diagnosed. Conclusions: a case of X- linked hydrocephalus or Bickers-Adams syndrome was presented, diagnosed by their clinical characteristics and brain scanner study.

Naturaleza a través de la botánica y zoología en la literatura renacentista española: La Celestina / Nature in Botany and Zoology in the Spanish Literature: La Celestina

En este trabajo se analizan y cuantifican las referencias botánicas y zoológicas que aparecen enLa Celestina como ejemplo de los conocimientos sobre plantas y animales que incorpora una obrade la literatura renacentista española. Dado el oficio de la protagonista, el interés del uso de muchasplantas y animales se centra en el cuidado, cura y aseo del cuerpo, que entonces se hacía sobre todoa base de productos vegetales y animales. Éstos también aparecen empleados en la magia de amor.Se comentan asimismo la utilización de nombres de plantas y animales, así como de productosderivados de éstos, como recursos lingüísticos o literarios; es decir, cuando se emplean como metáforas,en dichos, frases hechas y otras figuras literarias. Se incluyen en 2 anexos las 86 especiesvegetales y las 70 animales, así como las citas encontradas(AU)

The botanical and zoological references that appear in La Celestina are analysed and cuantifiedto provide an insight of the knowledge about plants and animals included in a literary work of theRennaisance, in this case one of the most important of the Spanish literature. The plants and animalsproducts were used by the healer for the care, health and beauty of the body. Many otherplants, animals and some mineral products were used for love remedies. Moreover, references toplant and animal names and their products are also commented as linguistic sources, i.e. metaphoricreferences to plants, set phrases, and other literary figures of speech. All the 86 plant species and 70animals and the complete textual passages are included in two apendixes(AU)

Analysis of cyclitols in different Quercus species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

BACKGROUND: The carbohydrate profile of some woods used for aging wines and spirits has been recently studied using a pressurized liquid extraction method, the main differences found being related to cyclitol content. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed study of these compounds in woods of different Quercus species in order to identify two unknown compounds which appeared in the extracts and to verify whether the obtained profile was homogeneous for other Quercus species. RESULTS: Besides the known monosaccharides and five cyclitols previously described, three deoxy-inositols (epi-, vibo- and scyllo-quercitol) were identified. The presence of these eight cyclitols was confirmed in all subgenera and species of Quercus analyzed, allowing a characteristic cyclitol profile. CONCLUSIONS: Three deoxy-inositols (quercitols) have been identified in the carbohydrate profile of oak wood. All examined Quercus species displayed a common profile consisting of four inositols and four quercitols, which represent a good dataset for characterization of this genus.

Surgical and medical treatment of hearing loss in mixed otosclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the effect of using preoperative sodium fluoride (NaF) on the difficulty of working with the footplate during stapedectomy and its effect on the postsurgical hearing gain in patients with mixed otosclerosis (i.e., otosclerosis and/or otospongiosis). METHODS: There were 2 groups of patients with mixed otosclerosis. The experimental group was made up of patients with an active focus of the disease; they received NaF for 6 months and then underwent stapedectomy. The control group was made up of patients with an inactive focus of the disease; they underwent stapedectomy without administration of NaF. RESULTS: The difference between the study groups in the degree of difficulty in extracting the footplate was not found to be statistically significant. Both groups had hearing gains in bone and air conduction. The level of posttreatment hearing gain in the group exposed to NaF was greater than that in the nonexposed group. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium fluoride administered to patients with mixed otosclerosis and an active focus of disease does not increase the difficulty of working with the footplate during stapedectomy, and it increases the hearing gain after the procedure.

Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants used in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal): a comparative study.

BACKGROUND: We compare traditional knowledge and use of wild edible plants in six rural regions of the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula as follows: Campoo, Picos de Europa, Piloña, Sanabria and Caurel in Spain and Parque Natural de Montesinho in Portugal. METHODS: Data on the use of 97 species were collected through informed consent semi-structured interviews with local informants. A semi-quantitative approach was used to document the relative importance of each species and to indicate differences in selection criteria for consuming wild food species in the regions studied. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The most significant species include many wild berries and nuts (e.g. Castanea sativa, Rubus ulmifolius, Fragaria vesca) and the most popular species in each food-category (e.g. fruits or herbs used to prepare liqueurs such as Prunus spinosa, vegetables such as Rumex acetosa, condiments such as Origanum vulgare, or plants used to prepare herbal teas such as Chamaemelum nobile). The most important species in the study area as a whole are consumed at five or all six of the survey sites. CONCLUSION: Social, economic and cultural factors, such as poor communications, fads and direct contact with nature in everyday life should be taken into account in determining why some wild foods and traditional vegetables have been consumed, but others not. They may be even more important than biological factors such as richness and abundance of wild edible flora. Although most are no longer consumed, demand is growing for those regarded as local specialties that reflect regional identity.

Manzanillas ibéricas: historia y usos tradicionales / No disponible

Con el término manzanilla se denomina en España a un conjunto de especies, en general de la familia Compuestas, pero sobre todo a Matricaria recutita. Se trata de una de las plantas medicinales más utilizadas en el mundo, no solamente como remedio curativo casero, sino también recomendada en medicina y con amplia utilización en la industria farmacéutica. De ella se conocen innumerables experimentos farmacológicos y estudios clínicos. Por ser tan apreciada, está incluida en la mayoría de las farmacopeas.En España se utilizan popularmente 54 especies diferentes que se denominan manzanillas o con nombres derivados. Las especies más utilizadas son Matricaria recutita, Matricaria aurea, Chamaemelum nobile, Helichrysum stoechas y Santolina chamaecyparissus.Dado el gran interés de las manzanillas, se recoge en este artículo información sobre su historia y usos populares, para un mejor conocimiento de este genérico popular

The Spanish term "manzanilla" (chamomile) is a generic name that has been used to refer to many herbs, but it denotes the so called "true chamomile" (Matricaria recutita). Chamomile is one of the most used medicinal herbs of the world. It is not only highly popular as a home but also recommended in medicine and of great interest for the pharmaceutical industry. It is one of the species of which a higher number of pharmacological, and clinical studies are available. It is al so highly appreciated and therefore also included in many pharmacopoeias. Historically 54 species are known as manzanilla or camomile and derived names in Spain. These species include Matricaria recutita, Matricaria aurea, Chamaemelum nobile, Helichrysum stoechas and Santolina chamaecyparissus. Given the great interest of chamomile and related species, we reviewed the available information of their historical and popular uses and names in Spain in order to the better understand the meaning of these popular generic

Plants known as té in Spain: an ethno-pharmaco-botanical review.

Although the word té (tea) in Spanish is derived from the Chinese tscha and refers to the oriental plant Camellia sinensis, it is popularly used throughout Spain to refer to at least 70 different plant species. These are usually collected in the countryside, boiled dry or fresh, and drunk after meals. The drinking of té is a social habit that encourages conversation in a relaxed atmosphere. Tés are also commonly used as digestifs and stomachics, and in some cases as laxatives, antidiarrhoeics, and to reduce the blood pressure. They are not used as stimulants. It appears that the habit of drinking Camellia sinensis afforded the cognitive context for drinking other infusions with no specific medicinal purpose. Some té species are very common in Spain (and their use is quite extended), others are endemic, and others still are allochthonous that now live in the wild. The majority of these species belong to the families Asteraceae and Lamiaceae. The most important and widely distributed are Jasonia glutinosa, Sideritis hyssopifolia, Lithospermum officinale, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Bidens aurea. Other remarkable but more locally used tés include Cruciata glabra (only in the Pyrenees), Inula salicina and Mentha arvensis (in the Central Mountain Range of Madrid), and Potentilla caulescens (in Tarragona).