Genetic variability of myostatin and prolactin genes in popular goat breeds in Egypt.

The genetic polymorphisms of two functional genes named: myostatin (MSTN) and prolactin (PRL) were investigated in three goat breeds (Barki, Damascus and Zaraibi) using Sanger nucleotide sequence and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods, in order to differentiate between these breeds. Nucleotide sequencing of 337 bp MSTN gene detected five SNPs in Barki breed, two SNPs in Damascus breed, while the Zaraibi breed did not show any SNPs. Moreover, MSTN-HaeIII/PCR-RFLP gave a single Genotype BB was found in all the studied breeds. Meanwhile, Nucleotide sequencing of 196 bp PRL gene showed two SNPs in Damascus breed, one SNPs in Zaraibi breed, while the Barki breed did not show any SNPs. Moreover, PRL-Eco24I/PCR-RFLP showed three genotypes (AA, AB and BB). The genotype AB showed the maximum frequency in all the studied breeds (0.75, 0.85, and 0.90 for Damascus, Barki and Zaraibi breeds, respectively). Observed heterozygosity (Ho) value was higher than expected heterozygosity (He) value all studied breeds. In addition, the values of both Ho and He were the highest in Zaraibi breed (0.90 and 0.51 respectively). Chi-square (χ2) value revealed a significant variation Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < .05) in the three studied breeds. It is the highest in Zaraibi goats and lowest in Damascus breed. The results demonstrated that the PRL-Eco24I/PCR-RFLP polymorphism may be utilized as effective marker for genetic differentiation between goat breeds, but MSTN-HaeIII/PCR-RFLP revealed no polymorphism or variation, thus it is not recommended in the selection program. Moreover, these results open up interesting prospects for future selection programs, especially marker assisted selection. In addition, the results established that PCR-RFLP method is a suitable tool for calculating genetic variability.

Association between single nucleotide polymorphism in ovine Calpain gene and growth performance in three Egyptian sheep breeds.

The aim of the present study was to assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Calpain (CAPN) gene with birth weight (BW), final weight (FW) and average daily gain (ADG) in three Egyptian sheep breeds: Barki, Rahmani and Ossimi. Blood samples were collected from 108 animals representing the three breeds. DNA was isolated using salting out procedure and then the quality and quantity of DNA extracted were measured. A 190 bp of CAPN was amplified by PCR using specific primers. The allele and genotype frequencies for all the identified SNPs were calculated. The PCR products corresponding to each genotype were sequenced to identify SNPs associated with the traits in question. Two SNPs (C→T) were detected in the nucleotides 44 and 154. For each SNP, the two mentioned alleles were named C and T, respectively. The sequenced CAPN segments were subjected to nucleotide blast at NCBI, which revealed 99% identity with that reported for sheep in Genbank. The TT was the least common genotype, whereas frequencies of CT and CC genotypes were fluctuated in the three sheep breeds under study. Animal carrier TT genotype had higher BW, FW and ADG than those with CT genotype, while the lowest values were associated with CC genotype. For the three traits under study, Rahmani had the highest estimates followed by Ossimi and Barki. Males exhibited heavier BW and FW as well as higher ADG compared with females. The results generated provide preliminary indication of the functional diversity present in Barki, Rahmani and Ossimi sheep and the possibility of using this polymorphism in Egyptian sheep genetic improvement.

[Axillo-femoral bypass using PTFE. Early and secondary results. 104 patients]. / Pontages axillo-fémoraux PTFE. Résultats précoces et secondaires. 104 patients.

Between 1977 and 1981, 104 patients underwent 115 axillo-femoral bypass operations (AFB). All the indications were based upon limb salvage. Ninety-nine unilateral bypasses and only 8 axillo-bi-femoral procedures were performed. Prolongation of revascularisation by femoro-popliteal bypass was necessary in 10 cases, in 1 or 2 stages. Secondary bilateralisation of an unilateral bypass was required in only 6 cases because of the development of gangrene of the other limb. The postoperative mortality was 6% (5 patients) in the gangrene group and was 33% (6 patients) in the acute ischaemia group. Study of the cumulative permeability of bypasses until the time of their first thrombosis showed that 62% were permeable at 1 year and 44% at 4 years. Thrombectomy was followed by a percentage permeability of 10%. Weight bearing was still possible by 75% of limbs after 5 years. In conclusion to this study: axillo-femoral bypass remains reserved for salvage of the limb; extension of implantations to the distal and/or pathological artery remains legitimate; PTFE seems the most suitable material at present; the development of a thrombosis in the first 18 months should be treated by thrombectomy in order to decrease the number of amputations.

[The syndrome of compression of the left iliac vein at the promontory level; a new, serious anatomo-clinical entity?]. / Le syndrome de compression veineuse iliaque gauche au niveau du promontoire: une nouvelle et grave entité anatomo-clinique?

A new case of pseudo-Cockett syndrome is reported. Both the clinical picture and the anatomic characteristics were unusual. Apparently, no similar cases have been reported in the medical literature. The relation between the cause of venous compression and it's results (thrombosis upstream and embolism downstream) could not be stated from data reviewed in the literature. No well-defined plan of management has been described. However, in the case reported here, therapeutic decisions gave satisfactory results.

[Sound for barium enema with double contrast to be used on patients with colostomy (author's transl)]. / Sonde pour lavement baryté en double contraste chez les colostomises.

Description of a right angle sound with balloon and collar to effectuate barium enemas with double contrast on colostomized patients. This atraumatic, watertight catheter can be used for examination in all incidences even in procubitus.

[True traumatic aneurysm of the proximal part of the brachial artery without osteo-articular lesions : a rare condition. A case report (author's transl)]. / Anévrysme traumatique vrai de l'artère humérale haute sans lésion ostéo-articulaire : une lésion rare. A propos d'un cas.

True isolated traumatic aneurysms are very rarely observed, and have to be differentiated from false aneurysms. They correspond to unrecognized arterial contusions following closed shoulder injuries. The presence of a large hematoma in the axillohumeral region, associated with an early ecchymosis, should suggest the possibility of an arterial lesion, and arteriography should be conducted. Difficulty in diagnosing the lesion clinically arises from the particular location of such lesions and the richness of the brachial and axillary artery collaterals. This latter fact explains why an ischemic syndrome is rarely observed. Treatment of true traumatic aneurysms is always surgical.