CemOrange2 fusions facilitate multifluorophore subcellular imaging in C. elegans.

Due to its ease of genetic manipulation and transparency, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has become a preferred model system to study gene function by microscopy. The use of Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to proteins or targeting sequences of interest, further expanded upon the utility of C. elegans by labeling subcellular structures, which enables following their disposition during development or in the presence of genetic mutations. Fluorescent proteins with excitation and emission spectra different from that of GFP accelerated the use of multifluorophore imaging in real time. We have expanded the repertoire of fluorescent proteins for use in C. elegans by developing a codon-optimized version of Orange2 (CemOrange2). Proteins or targeting motifs fused to CemOrange2 were distinguishable from the more common fluorophores used in the nematode; such as GFP, YFP, and mKate2. We generated a panel of CemOrange2 fusion constructs, and confirmed they were targeted to their correct subcellular addresses by colocalization with independent markers. To demonstrate the potential usefulness of this new panel of fluorescent protein markers, we showed that CemOrange2 fusion proteins could be used to: 1) monitor biological pathways, 2) multiplex with other fluorescent proteins to determine colocalization and 3) gain phenotypic knowledge of a human ABCA3 orthologue, ABT-4, trafficking variant in the C. elegans model organism.

Clima organizacional en un hospital público de Quindío Colombia / Clima organizacional em um hospital público de Quindío Colombia / Organizational climate in a public hospital from Quindio Colombia

Objetivo: Caracterizar el clima organizacional percibido por funcionarios asistenciales y administrativos en un hospital publico de Quindio-Colombia en 2015. Método: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo correlacional, que mide el clima organizacional de un hospital de baja complejidad mediante la caracterización de doce dimensiones. La población estudio la conformaron 114 funcionarios asistenciales y administrativos pertenecientes a un hospital público de Quindío-Colombia. Resultados: La medición del clima organizacional dio como resultado un promedio global de 69,81, con una calificación de 3,89 catalogándose como un nivel medio para el clima organizacional. Se evidenció una relación positiva altamente significativa entre el clima organizacional con la dimensión de relaciones interpersonales y de esta última con la coordinación externa. Conclusión: Se evidencia la importancia que para el funcionario tiene, desde su punto de vista, la "interacción amigable" que se interpreta como la relación respetuosa y efectiva con sus compañeros de área, necesaria para un ambiente de trabajo en equipo; de igual manera se evidenció la importancia de tener en cuenta las relaciones interpersonales con la coordinación externa lo que se puede traducir como el valor que el funcionario le confiere al liderazgo participativo en la percepción del clima organizaciona

Objetivo: Caracterizar o clima organizacional percebido por funcionários assistenciais e administrativos em um hospital público do departamento de Quindío-Colômbia, em 2015. Método: Estudo quantitativo de tipo correlacional, o qual mede o clima organizacional de um hospital de baixa complexidade através da caracterização de doze dimensões. A população estudada foi conformada por 114 funcionários assistenciais e administrativos pertencentes a um hospital público do departamento de Quindío na Colômbia. Resultados: A medição do clima organizacional apresentou como resultado uma média global de 69,81, com uma qualificação de 3,89 catalogando-se como um nível médio para o clima organizacional. Evidenciou-se uma relação positiva altamente significativa entre o clima organizacional com a dimensão das relações interpessoais e desta última com a coordenação externa. Conclusão: Evidencia-se a importância que tem para o funcionário, desde sua perspectiva, a "interação amigável" a qual se interpreta como a relação respeitosa e efetiva com seus colegas de área, necessário para um ambiente de trabalho em equipe. Do mesmo modo, evidenciou-se a importância d as relações interpessoais com a coordenação externa, o qual pode se traduzir como o valor que o funcionário lhe dá à liderança participativa na percepção do clima organizacional.

Objective: To characterize the organizational climate perceived by the assistance and administrative staff members at a public hospital in Quindio-Colombia 2015. Method: A quantitative correlational study, which measures the organizational climate of a low complexity hospital through the characterization of twelve dimensions. The population being studied was conformed by 114 assistance and administrative staff members who belong to a public hospital in Quindío-Colombia. Results: The measurement of the organizational climate provided a result of a global average of 69.81 with a score of 3.9 being classified as a medium level for the organizational climate. There was evidence of a highly meaningful positive bond between the organizational climate and the dimension of interpersonal relationships and between this one with the external coordination. Conclusion: There is evidence of the importance given by the staff members to the "friendly interaction" that is interpreted as a respectful and effective relationship with their co-workers, which is, in turn, necessary for the generation of a teamwork environment. Additionally, it was found that a high degree of importance regarding interpersonal relationships with the external coordination is given; fact that can be understood as the value staff members confere to the participative leadership within their perception of organizational climate.

The early colonial atlantic world: New insights on the African Diaspora from isotopic and ancient DNA analyses of a multiethnic 15th-17th century burial population from the Canary Islands, Spain.

OBJECTIVES: The Canary Islands are considered one of the first places where Atlantic slave plantations with labourers of African origin were established, during the 15th century AD. In Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain), a unique cemetery dated to the 15th and 17th centuries was discovered adjacent to an ancient sugar plantation with funerary practices that could be related to enslaved people. In this article, we investigate the origin and possible birthplace of each individual buried in this cemetery, as well as the identity and social status of these people. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consists of 14 individuals radiocarbon dated to the 15th and 17th centuries AD. We have employed several methods, including the analysis of ancient human DNA, stable isotopes, and skeletal markers of physical activity. RESULTS: 1) the funerary practices indicate a set of rituals not previously recorded in the Canary Islands; 2) genetic data show that some people buried in the cemetery could have North-African and sub-Saharan African lineages; 3) isotopic results suggest that some individuals were born outside Gran Canaria; and 4) markers of physical activity show a pattern of labour involving high levels of effort. DISCUSSION: This set of evidence, along with information from historical sources, suggests that Finca Clavijo was a cemetery for a multiethnic marginalized population that had being likely enslaved. Results also indicate that this population kept practicing non-Christian rituals well into the 17th century. We propose that this was possible because the location of the Canaries, far from mainland Spain and the control of the Spanish Crown, allowed the emergence of a new society with multicultural origins that was more tolerant to foreign rituals and syncretism.

Repensar la salud desde una Academia crítica y comprometida. Vida, acumulación y emancipación / Rethinking Health from a Critical and Committed Academy: Life, Accumulation and Emancipation / Repensar a Saúde desde uma academia crítica e comprometida. Vida, acumulaqáo e emancipado

Se plantea la necesidad de cuestionar la hegemonía epistemológica, teórica y política de categorías como salud-enfermedad y bienestar, para proponer una perspectiva analítica diferente. Esta implica centrarse en la comprensión de las relaciones entre la praxis de los agentes sociales, la estructuración del régimen local de acumulación capitalista y el sufrimiento subjetivo que producen los diferentes sistemas de dominación y desigualdad social. Se presenta, en primer lugar, una reflexión sobre algunos elementos de teoría crítica que permiten contestar los marcos analíticos hegemónicos sobre las diversas dimensiones de las políticas de la vida y la salud, seguida por algunas alternativas para su comprensión. Posteriormente, se expone una aproximación a las problemáticas sociales claves que comprenden el desplazamiento analítico propuesto. Finalizando, se sintetiza la relevancia de una epistemología crítica del "cuidado de la vida" que logre contribuir, acompañar y potenciar luchas emancipatorias que enfrentan las expresiones violentas de distintos órdenes de dominación.

We bring up the need to question the epistemological, theoretical and political hegemony of categories such as healthillness and well-being, to propose a different analytical perspective. This implies focusing on the understanding of the relationships between the praxis of social agents, the structuring of the local capitalist accumulation regime, and the subjective suffering produced by the different social inequality and domination systems. Firstly, we present a reflection on several critical theory elements that lead to an answer on the analytical hegemonic frameworks on the different dimensions of life and health policies, followed by several alternatives for its understanding. Afterwards, we present an approach to the key social problems that cover the proposed analytic shift. Finally, we summarize the relevance of a critical epistemology of the "care for life" that manages to contribute, accompany and strengthen the liberating struggles, faced with the violent expressions of different orders of domination.

Coloca-se aqui a necessidade de questionar a hegemonía epistemológica, teórica e política de categorías como saúde-doenca e bem-estar, para propor uma perspectiva analítica diferente. Esta implica se centrar na compreensao das relacóes entre a práxis dos agentes sociais, a estruturacao do regímen local de acumulacao capitalista e o sofrimento subjetivo que produzem os diferentes sistemas de dominacao e desigualdade social. Apresenta-se, em primeiro lugar, uma reflexao sobre alguns elementos de teoria crítica que permitem contestar os quadros analíticos hegemónicos sobre as diversas dimensóes das políticas da vida e a saúde, seguida por algumas alternativas para sua compreensao. Posteriormente, expóe-se aproximacao as problemáticas sociais chaves que compreendem o deslocamento analítico proposto. Finalizando, sintetiza-se a relevancia de uma epistemologia crítica do "cuidado da vida" que permita contribuir, acompanhar e potenciar lutas emancipatórias que enfrentam as expressóes violentas de diferentes ordens de dominacao.

Absence of antibodies against Bordetella pertussis in pregnant women and newborns in the state of Nuevo Leon.

AIMS: To assess placental transfer of antibodies to the child at birth and at 2 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the quantification of anti-PT IgG antibodies, we used an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay standardized by The National Institute of Epidemiologic Diagnosis and Reference (InDRE). Samples were considered negative from 0 to 48 IU/mL, indeterminate from 49 to 93 IU/mL and positive at ≥94 IU/mL. We performed a cross-sectional assessment of anti-PT IgG antibody levels in the mother, umbilical cord, and child. RESULTS: There was a higher concentration of IgG anti-TP in the umbilical cord (4.3%) and in the mother (1.4%), but a total absence was observed in the child (0%). CONCLUSION: The vulnerability of children to Bordetella pertussis shows the need to implement effective immunization strategies, whether actively, in the child, or passively through the mother, adolescents, and adults who are in contact with the child.

Two-photon transitions driven by a combination of diode and femtosecond lasers.

We report on the combined action of a cw diode laser and a train of ultrashort pulses when each of them drives one step of the 5S-5P-5D two-photon transition in rubidium vapor. The fluorescence from the 6P(3/2) state is detected for a fixed repetition rate of the femtosecond laser while the cw-laser frequency is scanned over the rubidium D(2) lines. This scheme allows for a velocity selective spectroscopy in a large spectral range including the 5D(3/2) and 5D(5/2) states. The results are well described in a simplified frequency domain picture, considering the interaction of each velocity group with the cw laser and a single mode of the frequency comb.

Lecithin-based oil-in-water microemulsions for parenteral use: pseudoternary phase diagrams, characterization and toxicity studies.

Pseudoternary phase diagrams have been constructed to evaluate the phase behavior of systems containing water/lecithin/polysorbate 80/isopropyl myristate at different polysorbate 80:lecithin weight ratios (K(m)). Oil-in-water microemulsion regions were accurately determined and the influence of the K(m) on the area of existence of such disperse systems was also examined. Viscosity studies as well as particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering were carried out on oil-water microemulsions, and the influence of the oil phase content, the total amount of surfactants and K(m) on the rheological behavior, viscosity, and droplet size of such disperse systems was evaluated. All systems studied showed a water-rich isotrope region (oil-in-water microemulsion area), that was seen to be highly dependent upon the surfactant/cosurfactant weight ratio. Most of the microemulsions analyzed showed a non-Newtonian rheological behavior and both, droplet size, and viscosity of the disperse systems, were found to be much more influenced by the total content of oil phase and surfactants present in the microemulsion than by the K(m). The selected system underwent both stability and in vivo acute toxicity studies, and seemed to be highly stable, even at extreme conditions, and very low toxic according to the results obtained.

Amphotericin B in oil-water lecithin-based microemulsions: formulation and toxicity evaluation.

A novel lecithin-based microemulsion containing AmB was developed to reduce the toxic effects of the drug, comparing it with the commercial formulation Fungizone. Phase diagrams containing the microemulsion region were constructed for pseudoternary systems composed of isopropil myristate (IPM)/Brij((R)) 96V/lecithin/water. The incorporation of AmB to the microemulsions was done following the Phase Inversion Temperature (PIT) method or by diluting the drug in the aqueous phase of the disperse system before forming the microemulsion. The percentage of drug entrapped in the microemulsion was analyzed by an HPLC method obtaining recoveries > 98%. Mean droplet size of the microemulsions chosen for the acute toxicity evaluation was of 45 nm, and the rheological studies showed that those microemulsions mentioned followed a Newtonian behavior. Different studies are described in this work to prove the stability of these new dosage forms. Acute toxicity results, determined by a graphic method, the probit binary model and the Reed and Muench method showed that lethal dose 50 (LD(50)) for AmB microemulsions was of 2.9 mgkg(-1) compared to 1.4 mgkg(-1) for the commercial deoxycholate suspension, Fungizone. The overall results indicate that treatment with AmB microemulsions was less toxic than Fungizone, suggesting a potential therapeutic application.

Grado de penetración de bebidas de uso común a la estructura dental / Degree of leakage of common beverages on the dental structure

El propósito del trabajo fue determinar la permeabilidad del esmalte, la dentina y el cemento a bebidas de uso corriente (café, vino tinto y cola) y evaluar las consecuencias estéticas que pudiera tener. El estudio fue "in vitro", con dientes recién extraídos, despulpados e hidratados, con la cavidad pulpar sellada. Catorce dientes se expusieron a cola (Coca Cola), 12a café y 12a vino tinto. Transcurridos 31 días se realizó un corte longitudinal a cada diente para observar y medir, por medio de un microscopio metalográfico, la penetración de cada bebida a la estructura dentaria.- La cola fue la que más profundamente penetró en el esmalte (106.771l), en el que produjo una pigmentación de color pardo oscuro; la bebida de menor penetración fue el café (23.651l) y produjo una coloración amarillo clara. En la raíz (cemento y dentina) la mayor penetración fue para el vino tinto (promedio de 123.98 u).