[Analysis of the Doppler signal (color and pulsed) in hepatocarcinoma]. / Análisis de la señal Doppler (color y pulsado) en el hepatocarcinoma.

Real time echocardiography associated with pulsed Doppler (duplex) and color (triplex) provide a non invasive technique to determine the vascular morphology of a lesion. The duplex and triplex signal of 35 liver tumors, 23 hepatocarcinomas and 12 angiomas found in the first high frequency signals greater than 1.81 kHz and traced with pulsatile or mixed morphology (pulsed and continuous) were analyzed. The second signals were of low frequency, less than 1 kHz and continuous tracing. It may be concluded than echo-Doppler is a complementary technique to conventional echography and is useful in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Renal study protocol with ultrasonography: biometry and incidence of disease]. / Protocolo de estudio renal mediante ecografía: biometría e incidencia de patología.

The present study establishes the size of the kidneys in adult males and females according to three age groups, under 30, 30 to 60, and over 60, in our community. To this end, morphologically normal kidneys were studied, considering four diameters: longitudinal (L), antero-posterior (AP), transverse (T) and cortical (D). We found that renal size, in all diameters, was larger in males and females, and the left one larger than the right one. The study include 522 kidneys, from a total of 247 subjects. Apart from renal biometry, the incidence of disease was also recorded. Ten different possibilities were included in the picture: 1) Normal (N); 2) Cysts (C); 3) Lithiasis (L); 4) Tumour (T); 5) Pyelonephritis (PN); 6) Acute Focal Nephritis (AFN); 7) Hydronephrosis (HN): 8) Double Excretory System (DES): 9) Abscesses (A); and 10) ther (O). The incidence of disease is maximal in subjects over 60, with predominance of women and left kidney; most frequent changes were cysts and pyelonephritis. Of the three age groups, those under 30 had a mean age of 22.36 years, 85% being between 18 and 30 years; in the intermediate group, 30 to 60 years, mean age was 48.40 with 65% between 45 and 60; in the over 60 group, mean age was 68.67 with 70% between 61 and 70 years of age.

[Diagnosis of Caroli's disease with conventional ultrasonography and echo-Doppler]. / Diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Caroli mediante ecografía convencional y eco-Doppler.

We present a case of pure Caroli's disease which was diagnosed by sonography and echo-doppler. Some findings are characteristic of Caroli's disease (Marchal's sign). This non-invasive technique may be sufficient, in some cases, for the diagnosis.