Update on Pediatric Sepsis in Mexico.

The main objective of this work was to determine and update the causal agents' antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns on pediatric sepsis in a population of northeast Mexico. It is a cross-sectional study showing the results of blood cultures of pediatric patients with a presumptive diagnosis of sepsis were reviewed according to the SOFA criteria during 2020 in a public hospital in Mexico. A total of 207 blood cultures were performed and analyzed. The main isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus, followed by Klebsiella and Escherichia. Several microorganisms showed 100% of sensitivity to different antibiotics or antifungals, some of them include Vancomycin, Voriconazole, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefotaxime. Bacteria of genre Staphylococcus showed its highest sensitivity rate to Tigecycline with 63.3%. Too Staphylococcus showed the highest resistance rate to Oxacillin with 50%. Although the patterns of sepsis-causing germs are similar to those previously reported, the development of new drugs with greater efficacy is the main contribution.

Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Study on a Mexican Population Using an Online Questionnaire (COV-AHQ).

Mexico has become one of the most highly affected countries by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Latin America. Therefore, efficient vaccination programs are needed to address COVID-19 pandemic. Although recent advances around the world have made it possible to develop vaccines in record time, there has been increasing fear and misinformation around the vaccines. Hence, understanding vaccine hesitancy is imperative for modeling successful vaccination strategies. In this study, we analyzed the attitude and perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccination, in a Mexican population (n = 1,512), using the proposed COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy Questionnaire (COV-AHQ) (Cronbach's alpha > 0.8), which evaluates a mild perception of danger and contamination with respect to COVID-19, a moderate perception of xenophobia generated throughout COVID-19 quarantine, fear of adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination, and hesitancy of parent toward vaccination of children; furthermore, a section including sociodemographic variables was included. According to the results of this study, the statistical correlation analysis of the general vaccination posture seems to correlate significantly (p < 0.05) with a mild perception of danger and contamination with respect to COVID-19, a moderate perception of xenophobia generated throughout COVID-19 quarantine, hesitancy of parent toward vaccination of children, willingness to get COVID-19 vaccine, previous influenza vaccination, perception of the vaccine that could help the economy of country, occupation, gender, age, and participants actively researching COVID-19 vaccine information. An in-depth analysis assisted by binary logistic regression concluded that the young adult population around ages 18-34 years are the most likely to get vaccinated. This posture seems to be highly influenced by a mild perception of danger and contamination with respect to COVID-19, a moderate perception of xenophobia generated throughout COVID-19 quarantine, fear of adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination, and hesitancy of parents toward vaccination of children. While their own personal religious beliefs and economic status, the level of education does not seem to have an effect on the willingness to get vaccinated neither did having a previous COVID-19 diagnosis or even knowing someone with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. Health authorities and policymakers could use the results of this study to aid in modeling vaccination programs and strategies and identify population groups with high vaccine hesitancy prevalence and assess significant public health issues.

Acellular fraction from malignant effusions has cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells.

Malignant ascites (MA) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) are frequently developed in patients with metastatic cancer; however, the biological properties of these fluids have not been clarified. The present study explored the biological role of a low molecular fraction derived from malignant effusions on the activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and on the proliferation of breast cancer cells and fibroblast 55x cells. A <10-kDa fraction from effusions of 41 oncological patients and 34 individuals without cancer was purified, and its potential role in inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was explored, as well as its cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and fibroblast 55x cells. A significant decrease in NO production was observed in the <10-kDa fraction from malignant effusions. In addition, the acellular fraction from MA decreased the viability of breast cancer cells without affecting human fibroblasts. These data support the presence of low molecular weight molecules in malignant samples with a specific role in inhibiting the defense mechanisms of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and decreasing the viability of breast cancer cells in vitro.

Improving predictive models for Alzheimer's disease using GWAS data by incorporating misclassified samples modeling.

Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for LOAD have open new avenues to identify genetic causes and to provide diagnostic tools for early detection. Although several predictive models have been proposed using the few detected GWAS markers, there is still a need for improvement and identification of potential markers. Commonly, polygenic risk scores are being used for prediction. Nevertheless, other methods to generate predictive models have been suggested. In this research, we compared three machine learning methods that have been proved to construct powerful predictive models (genetic algorithms, LASSO, and step-wise) and propose the inclusion of markers from misclassified samples to improve overall prediction accuracy. Our results show that the addition of markers from an initial model plus the markers of the model fitted to misclassified samples improves the area under the receiving operative curve by around 5%, reaching ~0.84, which is highly competitive using only genetic information. The computational strategy used here can help to devise better methods to improve classification models for AD. Our results could have a positive impact on the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Vitamin supplementation increases the virulence of Entamoeba histolytica grown axenically.

As a consequence of axenic growth and the elimination of accompanying bacterial flora, Entamoeba histolytica virulence decreases rapidly, and pathogenicity is lost. This paper evaluated the impact of vitamin supplementation on the pathogenicity of E. histolytica. Growth of E. histolytica trophozoites, cultured axenically in PEHPS (a Spanish acronym for the main ingredients - casein peptone, liver, pancreas extract and bovine serum) medium, with or without vitamins, exhibited a similar growth rate. However, the vitamin-enriched PEHPS preparations expressed 2.65 times more haemolytic activity (at 60 min: 98 vs 48%, P < 0.05), 2.5 times more phospholipase A2 activity at 150 min of incubation and generated more hepatic abscesses (88 vs 60%, P = 0.05) than the preparations without vitamins. The haemolytic and phospholipase A2 activity for the PEHPS - V preparations were restored following vitamin supplementation with A and D. These data highlight, for the first time, that vitamins and specifically vitamin A and D were essential for the recovery of amoebic virulence, lost through axenic growth.

Association of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism with clopidogrel resistance among patients with high cardiovascular risk in Northeastern Mexico.

Objective: Oral antiplatelet drugs are a key to modern pharmacotherapy in cardiovascular atherothrombotic diseases. Clopidogrel (CLO) constitutes the main preventive treatment of atherothrombosis. However, a considerable inter-individual variation in CLO response has been documented, resulting in suboptimal therapy and an increased risk of recurrent adverse effects in some patients. The enzyme CYP2C19 has been reported to be the CYP isoform that activates CLO to its active metabolite. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2C19 gene have been identified as strong predictors of CLO-impaired pharmacological response. At least 16 variants have been associated with changes in CYP2C19 activity. Materials and Methods: The following research was composed of a total of 102 subjects with high cardiovascular risk in the northeast of Mexico, with a maintenance dose of 75 mg of CLO per day. The platelet reactivity was measured with VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, while the presence of CYP2C19*2 was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Patients were categorized by CYP2C19 metabolizer status based on *2 genotypes using the common consensus star allele nomenclature as normal metabolizer (G/G), intermediate metabolizer (G/A), and poor metabolizer (A/A), respectively. The phenotype frequency for CYP2C19*2 was 74.5% (G/G), 21.6% (G/A), and 3.9% (A/A). The subjects with the A allele presented ≥235 P2Y12 reaction unit levels, classifying them how poor metabolizer. The prevalence of reduced CLO effectiveness was associated with the presence of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism among Mexican patients. Conclusion: The presence of the CYP2C19*2 allele is related to resistance to the antiplatelet effect of CLO (p = 0.003).

Objetivo: Los antiplaquetarios orales son clave en la farmacoterapia moderna de las enfermedades aterotrombóticas cardiovasculares. Clopidogrel (CLO) constituye el principal tratamiento preventivo de aterotrombosis (AT). Sin embargo, se ha documentado una considerable variación interindividual en la respuesta a CLO, lo que da como resultado una terapia subóptima y mayor riesgo de efectos adversos en algunos pacientes. La enzima CYP2C19 es la isoforma CYP que activa CLO a su metabolito activo. Se han identificado varios polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido en el gen CYP2C19 como fuertes predictores de respuesta farmacológica alterada a CLO. Al menos 16 variantes se han asociado con cambios en la actividad de CYP2C19. Método: Se reclutaron un total de 102 sujetos con alto riesgo cardiovascular del noreste de México, con dosis de mantenimiento de 75 mg de CLO/día. La reactividad plaquetaria se midió con el ensayo Verify Now P2Y12, la presencia de CYP2C19*2 se identificó mediante polymerase chain reaction en tiempo real. Resultado: Los pacientes fueron clasificados por el estado metabolizador CYP2C19*2 utilizando nomenclatura consenso, como metabolizador normal (G/G), metabolizador intermedio (G/A) y metabolizador pobre (A/A), respectivamente. La frecuencia del fenotipo para CYP2C19*2 fue 74.5% (G/G), 21.6% (G/A) y 3.9% (A/A). Los sujetos con alelo A presentaron ≥235 niveles P2Y12 reaction unit, clasificándolos como metabolizadores deficientes. La prevalencia de eficacia reducida a CLO se asoció con la presencia del polimorfismo CYP2C19*2 en pacientes mexicanos. Conclusiones: La presencia del alelo CYP2C19*2 se relaciona con resistencia al efecto antiagregante plaquetario del CLO (p = 0.003).

Association of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism with clopidogrel resistance among patients with high cardiovascular risk in Northeastern Mexico / Asociación del polimorfismo CYP2C19*2 con resistencia a clopidogrel en pacientes con alto riesgo cardiovascular en el noreste de México

abstract Objective: Oral antiplatelet drugs are a key to modern pharmacotherapy in cardiovascular atherothrombotic diseases. Clopidogrel (CLO) constitutes the main preventive treatment of atherothrombosis. However, a considerable inter-individual variation in CLO response has been documented, resulting in suboptimal therapy and an increased risk of recurrent adverse effects in some patients. The enzyme CYP2C19 has been reported to be the CYP isoform that activates CLO to its active metabolite. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2C19 gene have been identified as strong predictors of CLO-impaired pharmacological response. At least 16 variants have been associated with changes in CYP2C19 activity. Materials and Methods: The following research was composed of a total of 102 subjects with high cardiovascular risk in the northeast of Mexico, with a maintenance dose of 75 mg of CLO per day. The platelet reactivity was measured with VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, while the presence of CYP2C19*2 was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Patients were categorized by CYP2C19 metabolizer status based on *2 genotypes using the common consensus star allele nomenclature as normal metabolizer (G/G), intermediate metabolizer (G/A), and poor metabolizer (A/A), respectively. The phenotype frequency for CYP2C19*2 was 74.5% (G/G), 21.6% (G/A), and 3.9% (A/A). The subjects with the A allele presented ≥235 P2Y12 reaction unit levels, classifying them how poor metabolizer. The prevalence of reduced CLO effectiveness was associated with the presence of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism among Mexican patients. Conclusion: The presence of the CYP2C19*2 allele is related to resistance to the antiplatelet effect of CLO (p = 0.003).

Resumen Objetivo: Los antiplaquetarios orales son clave en la farmacoterapia moderna de las enfermedades aterotrombóticas cardiovasculares. Clopidogrel (CLO) constituye el principal tratamiento preventivo de aterotrombosis (AT). Sin embargo, se ha documentado una considerable variación interindividual en la respuesta a CLO, lo que da como resultado una terapia subóptima y mayor riesgo de efectos adversos en algunos pacientes. La enzima CYP2C19 es la isoforma CYP que activa CLO a su metabolito activo. Se han identificado varios polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido en el gen CYP2C19 como fuertes predictores de respuesta farmacológica alterada a CLO. Al menos 16 variantes se han asociado con cambios en la actividad de CYP2C19. Método: Se reclutaron un total de 102 sujetos con alto riesgo cardiovascular del noreste de México, con dosis de mantenimiento de 75 mg de CLO/día. La reactividad plaquetaria se midió con el ensayo Verify Now P2Y12, la presencia de CYP2C19*2 se identificó mediante polymerase chain reaction en tiempo real. Resultado: Los pacientes fueron clasificados por el estado metabolizador CYP2C19*2 utilizando nomenclatura consenso, como metabolizador normal (G/G), metabolizador intermedio (G/A) y metabolizador pobre (A/A), respectivamente. La frecuencia del fenotipo para CYP2C19*2 fue 74.5% (G/G), 21.6% (G/A) y 3.9% (A/A). Los sujetos con alelo A presentaron ≥235 niveles P2Y12 reaction unit, clasificándolos como metabolizadores deficientes. La prevalencia de eficacia reducida a CLO se asoció con la presencia del polimorfismo CYP2C19*2 en pacientes mexicanos. Conclusiones: La presencia del alelo CYP2C19*2 se relaciona con resistencia al efecto antiagregante plaquetario del CLO (p = 0.003).

Endometriosis en colon sigmoides asociada a hematoquecia en una paciente histerectomizada / Endometriosis within the sigmoid colon associated with hematochezia in a hysterectomized woman

La endometriosis es la existencia e implantación de estroma y glándulas endometriales funcionales fuera del útero, pero con funcionalidad similar al tejido endometrial dentro de la cavidad uterina. Tiene una presentación clínica variable, ya que depende del sitio de implantación. Se ha determinado que es la tercera causa de hospitalización en los Estados Unidos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 44 años de edad con hematoquecia causada por endometriosis profunda infiltrante en colon sigmoides, después de once años de haberse realizado la histerectomía. La paciente fue tratada mediante resección quirúrgica debido a que se sospechaba de un carcinoma.

Endometriosis is the presence of functional ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The clinical presentation is variable and depends on the location. It is considered the third leading cause of hospitalization in the United States. In this case, we report a 44-year-old woman with hematochezia caused by deep infiltrating endometriosis within the sigmoid colon, after having undergone a hysterectomy 11 years ago. The patient received surgical resection due to suspicion of carcinoma.

Pain in Patients with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Association with Anxiety and Depression.

OBJECTIVE: We investigate the presence and the quality of pain in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), and its correlation with the level of anxiety and depression. METHODS: We collected data from 27 DEB patients and 26 healthy individuals. DEB patients and controls completed 1 scale for the quality of pain, and 1 scale for anxiety and depression. Pain was assessed with the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, whereas anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety and depression. RESULTS: DEB patients and healthy control individuals were homogeneous for age and gender (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference in the two groups was seen for sensory pain rating scale (p<0.001), affective pain rating scale (p=0.029), total pain rating scale (p<0.001), visual analogue scale (p=0.012) and present pain intensity (p=0.001), but not for anxiety (p=0.169) and depression (p=0.530). The characteristics of pain that showed a significant difference between DEB patients and healthy controls were shooting, splitting, tender and throbbing (p<0.05). In DEB patients pain was not correlated with anxiety or depression (p>0.05), whereas a slight correlation between pain and anxiety was found in healthy controls (p<0.05). No difference was found between quality of pain and anxiety-depression in DEB patients (p>0.05), but was between the DEB dominant and the recessive form of DEB (p=0.025). CONCLUSION: The perception of pain in DEB patients appears greater than in healthy individuals, with splitting and tender characteristics being the most significant ones, but was not associated with anxious and/or depressive symptoms.

Molecular identification of unusual Mycetoma agents isolated from patients in Venezuela.

Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous, subcutaneous disease endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It is currently a health problem in rural areas of Africa, Asia and South America. Nine cases of mycetoma were analysed in a retrospective study. All isolates were identified by morphological features. The level of species identification was reached by molecular tools. Definitive identification of fungi was performed using sequence analysis of the ITS of the ribosomal DNA region and the ribosomal large-subunit D1/D2. Identification of actinomycetes was accomplished by the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Six unusual clinical isolates were identified: Aspergillus ustus, Cyphellophora oxyspora, Exophiala oligosperma, Madurella pseudomycetomatis, Nocardia farcinica and Nocardia wallacei. The prevalence of mycetoma in Venezuela remains unknown. This study represents the first report in the literature of mycetoma caused by unusual pathogens identified by molecular techniques.

New ANTXR1 Gene Mutation for GAPO Syndrome: A Case Report.

GAPO syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia and progressive optic atrophy (GAPO). To date, only 30 cases have been described worldwide. Recently, gene alterations in the ANTXR1 gene have been reported to be causative of this disorder, and an autosomal recessive pattern has been observed. This gene encodes a matrix-interacting protein that works as an adhesion molecule. In this report, we describe 2 homozygous siblings diagnosed with GAPO syndrome carrying a new missense mutation. This mutation produces the substitution of a glutamine in position 137 for a leucine (c.410A>T, p.Q137L).

Rapid Detection of the GSTM3 A/B Polymorphism Using Real-time PCR with TaqMan(®) Probes.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a group of phase II detoxification enzymes, which catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with carcinogens, among other xenobiotics. The GSTM3 gene is part of the GSTs gene family, and its polymorphism A/B has been associated with risk and protective effects of several cancers. This genetic variant is a deletion of 3 bp (AGG) in intron 6. Previous association studies have performed genotyping using techniques such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In this study, we took advantage of the TaqMan(®) probes features and developed a reliable, faster, more simple and economic method to identify the 3-bp deletion. Our allelic discrimination method was able to distinguish between homozygous A/A, heterozygous A/B and homozygous B/B samples, as shown by TaqMan(®) based real-time PCR. Results were validated by Sanger Sequencing. In conclusion, we developed a specific and rapid method to detect the 3-bp deletion from the GSTM3 A/B polymorphism.

BRAF Mutation (V600E) Prevalence in Mexican Patients Diagnosed with Melanoma.

BACKGROUND: B-Raf is a serine/threonine protein kinase activating the MAP kinase/ERK-signaling pathway. It has been shown that 50% of melanomas harbor activating BRAF mutations, with over 90% being the V600E mutation. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research was to determine the prevalence of the BRAF V600E mutation in patients from Central Mexico diagnosed with primary melanoma. METHODS: Skin biopsies from 47 patients with melanoma were obtained from the dermatology department of the Hospital General 'Dr. Manuel Gea González' in Mexico City. For BRAF mutation determination, after DNA isolation, the gene region where the mutation occurs was amplified by PCR. Subsequently, the presence or absence of the V600E mutation was detected by Sanger sequencing performed at the private molecular diagnostic laboratory Vitagénesis in Monterrey, Mexico. RESULTS: Of the 47 patients sampled, 6.4% harbored the V600E mutation. No statistical significance was found between mutations and the type of tumor.

Hemangioma intraóseo de la mandíbula: reporte de un caso clínico / Intraosseous hemangioma of the mandible: report of a clinical case

El hemangioma intramandibular es una neoformación benigna que resulta de la proliferación anormal de vasos sanguíneos, de origen desconocido. Estos tumores, por lo general, son hallazgos radiológicos y se caracterizan por ser asintomáticos y/o presentar movilidad de los dientes afectados, asimetría facial, parestesias y dolor, entre otros síntomas. Después de las vértebras y el cráneo, la mandíbula esel sitio más frecuentemente afectado, sobre todo en su parte posterior.El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de esta enfermedadpoco habitual.

Intraosseous hemangioma of the mandible is a benign neoplasm that originates from the abnormal proliferation of blood vessels, the cause of which is unknown. In general, these tumors are detected by means of X-ray and are characterized as asymptomatic or presenting mobility in the affected teeth, facial asymmetry, paresthesia and pain, among other symptoms. After the vertebrae and skull, the most frequently affected site is the jaw, particularly the posterior part. The purpose of this paper is to present a clinical case of this rare disease.

Role of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in anxiety, depression and self-esteem: A controlled cross-sectional study.

The psychological aspect in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is poorly documented. We sought to determine the role of DEB in anxiety, depression and self-esteem. We conducted a cross-sectional study, collecting data from 27 DEB patients and 26 healthy individuals. DEB patients and healthy controls completed three different psychometric scales for anxiety and depression and one scale for self-esteem. DEB patients and healthy controls were homogeneous for age and sex (P > 0.05), but not for employment, marital status and economic level (P < 0.05). Median values of all psychometric battery scales were not statistically significant between DEB patients and healthy controls, except for Goldberg scale for anxiety (P = 0.003) and depression (P = 0.037) and slightly significant for Zung Scale for anxiety (P = 0.048) with no difference between DEB patients with dominant versus recessive form in all scales (P > 0.05). Among DEB patients, only employment showed a significant difference in all scales (P < 0.05) but Hamilton for depression, whereas self-esteem seemed to be affected by marriage (P = 0.04) and education (P = 0.016). DEB patients apparently are not more anxious and/or depressed and do not have less self-esteem than healthy individuals.

[Organs, tissues, and cells donation in Mexico]. / Donación de órganos, tejidos y células en México.

Transplants are one of the most important advances of modern medicine; in the last 50 years in our country there have been more than fifty thousand transplants, which makes it clear that this is one of the most sought-after medical practices not only in Mexico but worldwide. In life, it is possible for a person to donate a kidney, a lung or a liver segment. When brain death occurs it is possible for a person to donate kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs, blood, hematopoietic cells, bone marrow, bones, corneas, heart valves, tendons, and arteries. However, the culture of organ donation is not widespread among Mexicans, hence in our country there is not even 50 % of the number of donations recommended by WHO, which impacts the number of patients who are waiting for an organ or tissue, which causes many of them die before receiving them.

Los trasplantes han sido uno de los avances más importante de la medicina moderna; en los últimos 50 años, en nuestro país se han realizado más de cincuenta mil trasplantes, lo que deja en evidencia que se trata de una de las prácticas médicas más solicitadas no solo en México, sino en todo el mundo. En vida, es posible que una persona pueda donar un riñón, un pulmón o un segmento de hígado. Y cuando se presenta la muerte encefálica es posible que una sola persona done los riñones, el corazón, el hígado, el páncreas, el intestino, los pulmones, sangre, células hematopoyéticas, médula ósea, huesos, córneas, válvulas del corazón, tendones y arterias. Sin embargo, la cultura de la donación de órganos no se encuentra muy difundida entre los mexicanos, de ahí que en nuestro país no se cubra ni el 50 % de la cifra de donaciones que recomienda la OMS; lo cual impacta en la cifra de pacientes que se encuentran a la espera de un órgano o tejido, y que ocasiona que muchos de ellos mueran antes de recibirlos.

Interferon Gamma-Based Detection of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the Border States of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Nearly one-third of the world's population is infected with latent tuberculosis (LTBI). Tuberculosis (TB) rates in the border states are higher than national rates in both the US and Mexico, with the border accounting for 30% of total registered TB cases in both countries. However, LTBI rates in the general population in Mexican border states are unknown. In this region, LTBI is diagnosed using the tuberculin skin test (TST). New methods of detection more specific than TST have been developed, although there is currently no gold standard for LTBI detection. Our objective is to demonstrate utility of the Quantiferon TB gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test compared with the TST to detect LTBI among border populations. This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out in border areas of the states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants (n = 210) provided a TST and blood sample for the QFT-GIT. Kappa coefficients assessed the agreement between TST and QFT-GIT. Participant characteristics were compared using Fisher exact tests. Thirty-eight percent of participants were diagnosed with LTBI by QFT-GIT. The proportion of LTBI detected using QFT-GIT was almost double [38% (79/210)] that found by TST [19% (39/210)] (P < 0.001). Concordance between TST and QFT-GIT was low (kappa = 0.37). We recommend further studies utilizing the QFT-GIT test to detect LTBI among border populations.