Stratification of Risk Factors of Complications Associated with Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement.

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a frequent method for renal replacement therapy in pediatric population. However, PD is associated with a high incidence of early and late complications. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the perioperative factors associated with these complications. Methods: Clinical records of patients who had peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) placement between January 2013 and June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Sociodemographic and perioperative variables were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 92 patients required PDC insertion. Primary PDC failure occurred in 21.74% of cases, and 17.39% required reoperation. The most common complication was occlusion (13.04%), followed by leak (8.7%). Age younger than 1 year and weight less than 10 kg were significant risk factors for catheter dysfunction, reoperation, leak, PDC occlusion, hernia, and death. The open technique was associated with higher risks of operation, leak, and peritonitis than the laparoscopic technique. Placement of the catheter by the laparoscopic technique reduced the odds of occlusion by 38%. Conclusions: Patients younger than 1 year and weighing less than 10 kg have an increased risk of complications and death, regardless of the technique used. The most frequent complication is catheter failure; however, the laparoscopic technique appears to reduce this complication.

Tratamiento laparoscópico de úlcera duodenal perforada mediante parche de Graham en un paciente pediátrico / Laparoscopic treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer using a Graham patch in a pediatric patient

Introducción. La úlcera duodenal perforada es una entidad de etiología no clara que rara vez ocurre en la población pediátrica. Generalmente se diagnostica de manera intraoperatoria y el tratamiento ideal incluye el uso del parche de epiplón o de ser necesario, la resección quirúrgica. Caso clínico. Se presenta un paciente de 12 años con abdomen agudo y diagnóstico tomográfico prequirúrgico de úlcera duodenal perforada, tratado por vía laparoscópica con drenaje de peritonitis y parche de Graham. La evolución y el seguimiento posterior fueron adecuados. Discusión. La úlcera duodenal perforada es una entidad multifactorial, en la que se ha implicado el Helicobacter pylori. El diagnóstico preoperatorio es un reto y el tratamiento debe ser quirúrgico. Conclusiones. Cuando se logra establecer el diagnóstico preoperatorio, se puede realizar un abordaje laparoscópico y el uso del parche de Graham cuando las úlceras son menores de dos centímetros.

Introduction. Perforated duodenal ulcer is an entity of unclear etiology that rarely occurs in the pediatric population. It is usually diagnosed intraoperatively and the ideal treatment includes the use of the omentum patch or, if necessary, surgical resection. Clinical case. A 12-year-old patient with acute abdomen and preoperative tomographic diagnosis of perforated duodenal ulcer, treated laparoscopically with peritonitis drainage and Graham patch is presented. The evolution and subsequent follow-up were adequate. Discussion. Perforated duodenal ulcer is a multifactorial entity, in which Helicobacter pylori has been implicated. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging and treatment must be surgical. Conclusions. When the preoperative diagnosis is established, a laparoscopic approach and the use of the Graham patch can be performed when the ulcers are less than two centimeters.