Efectividad de la fisioterapia respiratoria combinada con higienepostural en niños con afectación neurológica crónica / Effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy combined with postural education in children with chronic neurological diseases

Fundamento:Los niños con afectación neurológica crónica presentan discapacidad motora y aumento de morbilidad y mortalidad por causa respiratoria. El objetivo fue evaluar si se benefician de fisioterapia respiratoria e higiene postural a corto y medio plazo.Pacientes y métodos:Estudio cuasi-experimental con realización de seis sesiones quincenales de fisioterapia y talleres de higiene postural a niños de 0 a 6 años con afectación neurológica crónica y respiratoria. Se evaluaron variables clínicas respiratorias, secreciones expectoradas, reagudizaciones respiratorias y calidad de vida mediante cuestionario PedsQL. Las evaluaciones fueron realizadas al inicio, al final de la intervención y a los tres meses de la misma.Resultados:Tras la intervención, en los 30 niños se observó una mejora significativa (p<0,001) respecto al inicio en la media de saturación de oxígeno (98,3 vs 94,37%), frecuencia cardiaca (103,6 vs 126,03 latidos/minuto), frecuencia respiratoria (34,27 vs 42,13 respiraciones/minuto) y volumen de secreciones (28,17 vs 45,33 mL). Esta mejoría se mantuvo a los tres meses de finalizada la intervención. La media de reagudizaciones respiratorias disminuyó (p<0,001) respecto a los seis meses previos: hospitalizaciones (0,5 vs 1,6), visitas a urgencias (1,53 vs 2,59) y a pediatría de atención primaria (5,03 vs 7). La puntuación media del cuestionario PedsQL incrementó significativamente (p<0,001) tras la intervención, tanto para salud física (un 27%, hasta 73,43) como mental (un 12% hasta 70,09).Conclusiones:La fisioterapia respiratoria combinada con higiene postural mejora el estado clínico y la calidad de vida en niños con afectación neurológica crónica, por lo que podría recomendarse en la práctica clínica habitual.(AU)

Background: Children with chronic neurological diseases present motor disability and increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess whether children with chronic neurological impairment benefit from respiratory physiotherapy and postural hygiene. Methods: Quasi-experimental study in which six fortnightly respiratory physiotherapy sessions and workshops on postural hygiene were carried out on children aged 0 to 6 years with chronic neurological disease and respiratory impairment. A PedsQL questionnaire assessed respiratory clinical variables, expectorated secretions, respiratory exacerbations and quality of life. Assessments were performed at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. Results: After physiotherapy sessions, all participants (n=30) experienced a significant (p<0.001) improvement in average oxygen saturation (94.37 to 98.3%), heart rate (126.03 to 103.6 beats/minute) and respiratory rate (42.13 to 34.27 breaths/minute), as well as a decrease in secretions (from 45.33 to 28.17 mL). This improvement was maintained after a 3-month follow-up. The average respiratory exacerbations decreased (p<0.001) compared to the previous six months: hospitalizations (from 1.6 to 0.5), visits to the emergency department (from 2.59 to 1.53) and to primary care Pediatric consultations (from 7 to 5.03). The mean score on the PedsQL questionnaire demonstrated a significant increase(p<0.001) in the quality of life after the intervention for physical (27%, to 73.4) and mental health (12%, to 70.09%). Conclusion: Respiratory physiotherapy combined withpostural hygiene is effective for the clinical status andquality of life in children with chronic neurological diseases, and therefore could be introduced in habitual clinicalpractice.(AU)

[Effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy combined with postural education in children with chronic neurological diseases].

BACKGROUND: Children with chronic neurological diseases present motor disability and increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess whether children with chronic neurological impairment benefit from respiratory physiotherapy and postural hygiene. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study in which six fortnightly respiratory physiotherapy sessions and workshops on postural hygiene were carried out on children aged 0 to 6 years with chronic neurological disease and respiratory impairment. A PedsQL questionnaire assessed respiratory clinical variables, expectorated secretions, respiratory exacerbations and quality of life. Assessments were performed at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: After physiotherapy sessions, all participants (n=30) experienced a significant (p<0.001) improvement in average oxygen saturation (94.37 to 98.3%), heart rate (126.03 to 103.6 beats/minute) and respiratory rate (42.13 to 34.27 breaths/minute), as well as a decrease in secretions (from 45.33 to 28.17 mL). This improvement was maintained after a 3-month follow-up. The average respiratory exacerbations decreased (p<0.001) compared to the previous six months: hospitalizations (from 1.6 to 0.5), visits to the emergency department (from 2.59 to 1.53) and to primary care Pediatric consultations (from 7 to 5.03). The mean score on the PedsQL questionnaire demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.001) in the quality of life after the intervention for physical (27%, to 73.4) and mental health (12%, to 70.09%). CONCLUSION: Respiratory physiotherapy combined with postural hygiene is effective for the clinical status and quality of life in children with chronic neurological diseases, and therefore could be introduced in habitual clinical practice.

Ensayo clínico aleatorizado de técnicas de aclaramiento mucociliar en niños con bronquiectasias sin fibrosis quística / Randomized clinical trial of mucociliary clearance techniques in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children

Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de las presiones manuales espiratorias lentas y aumentos de flujo espiratorio (AFE) combinadas con insuflación-exuflación mecánica (I-EM) y tos asistida (TA), frente al ciclo activo de técnicas respiratorias (CATR) en bronquiectasia infantil estable sin fibrosis quística (FQ).Material y métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado en 2 grupos de 6 niños (edad 8,1±1,3) que reciben 2 sesiones de fisioterapia respiratoria (FR) al mes. Las principales variables de estudio son: peso de esputo recogido tras sesión de FR y medición de la función pulmonar al inicio del estudio y a los 12 meses; capacidad vital forzada (CVF), volumen espiratorio máximo en 1 s (VEMS o FEV1) y el flujo espiratorio forzado entre el 25%-75% de la CVF (FEF25-75%). Asimismo, evaluamos el número de ingresos y exacerbaciones infecciosas y el impacto de la tos en la calidad de vida con el Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), al inicio y al final del estudio. Resultados El peso del esputo y el FEF25-75%, aumenta significativamente con las presiones manuales espiratorias lentas, AFE combinados con I-E M y TA, frente al CATR, en nuestra muestra. No hay diferencias significativas en cuanto a FEV1 y CVF. El número de exacerbaciones disminuyó en ambos grupos con respecto al año anterior (sin tratamiento de FR), y la puntuación total del LCQ. Conclusión Las presiones manuales espiratorias lentas, AFE combinados con I-E M y TA, para la permeabilización de la vía aérea en niños con bronquiectasias sin FQ, producen beneficios significativos en comparación al CATR (AU)

Objective To evaluate effectiveness of manual expiratory pressure and expiratory flow increase (EFI) combined with mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) and assisted coughing (AC) versus active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) in stable bronchiectasis children without cystic fibrosis (CF).Material and methods Randomized clinical trial with 2 groups of 6 children (age 8.1±1.3) who received of respiratory physiotherapy (RP) sessions twice a month. The main endpoints studied are: weight of sputum collected after each session of RP and lung function measurements at baseline and 12 months, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow between 25%-75% of FVC (FEF25-75%). We also evaluated the number of visits to emergency department, infective exacerbations and the impact of cough on quality of life with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), at the beginning and the end of study. Results The weight of sputum and FEF25-75% increase significantly with manual expiratory pressure, EFI combined with MI-E and AC versus ACBT in our sample. There are no significant differences in FEV1 and FVC. Number of exacerbations decreased in both groups compared to the previous year (without CP treatment), and total score of the LCQ. Conclusion Slow manual expiratory pressure, EFI combined with MI-E and AC for airway permeabilization in children with non-CF bronchiectasis produce significant benefits compared to ACBT (AU)