Multi-informant evaluation of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (formerly Slow Cognitive Tempo). Children's self-reported measures in relation to parents / Evaluación multi-informante del Síndrome de Desconexión Cognitiva (anteriormente Tempo Cognitivo Lento). Medidas autoinformadas de los niños con relación a padres

El objetivo fue examinar, desde una aproximación multi-informante, las medidas del Síndrome de Desconexión Cognitiva (SDC) de padres/madres e hijos/as y su relación con síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes. 279 niños/as (9-13 años), y sus padres/madres completaron las evaluaciones sobre SDC, la inatención del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) y otras medidas internalizadas y externalizadas. Los ítems de las tres medidas de SDC convergieron razonablemente bien en el factor SDC. Se aportaron pruebas discriminantes de la validez de las relaciones entre las puntuaciones de las pruebas y las medidas de los tres constructos diferentes (SDC, soledad y preferencia por la soledad). La asociación más estrecha estuvo entre la evaluación parental de las medidas de SDC con ansiedad y depresión, y entre inatención con hiperactividad/impulsividad y trastorno negativista desafiante. Se observó capacidad predictiva de la medida de SDC sobre la soledad y preferencia por estar solo autoinformadas. Se encontró una posible asociación entre la medida del SDC evaluado por padres/madres y sexo y edad de los niños. En conclusión, los datos apoyan la inclusión de medidas autoinformadas en la evaluación del SDC. Las medidas del SDC en niños se vinculan con medidas internalizantes y, la inatención con las externalizantes.(AU)

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Child Sleep Problems in ADHD, Anxiety and Depression.

The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship and differential contribution of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and sleep problems in children in different psychopathological measures. A total of 1133 participants (612 fathers/mothers and 521 children aged 7-13 years in Years 3-6 of Primary Education) completed the scales on CDS, sleep problems, depression (DEP), anxiety (ANX) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Similar and significant correlations were identified in the measures of CDS and sleep problems between fathers and mothers, obtaining a high coefficient between the two parents. However, weak correlations were found between fathers/mothers and children. The scores of CDS and the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) significantly predicted the internalising measures and ADHD, especially between SDSC and DEP. It was confirmed that sleep problems had a greater presence in the group of children with the highest ADHD scores, and especially in CDS and ADHD jointly. To conclude, the data indicate the importance of sleep problems in understanding CDS and its relationship with other psychopathological measures, especially ADHD, although to a greater extent with internalising symptoms, especially DEP.

The External Validity of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Versus Inattention in Behavioral, Social Interaction, and Academic Performance Measures.

BACKGROUND: The main objective was to replicate data on the external validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) dimension, versus ADHD Inattention (IN), with the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) SCT subscale [ Cuestionario sobre el Comportamiento de Niños ] (Burns et al., 2015). METHOD: 273 mothers and 255 fathers evaluated their 9 to13 year old children on SCT, IN and other CABI internalizing externalizing, academic impairment and social interaction measures. RESULTS: As hypothesized, the relationship between SCT and externalizing measures, in contrast to IN, was practically nonexistent, whereas both measures were related to internalizing and social interaction measures. Thus, the unique predictive capacity of SCT and IN was significant and similar on internalizing measures, except in the case of shyness, where SCT was better, while IN was better on externalizing measures. CONCLUSIONS: The data largely replicated previous results: SCT, despite its relationship with IN, is capable of predicting a significant proportion of anxiety, depression, and excessive shyness problems and, unlike IN, functions as a protective measure for externalizing problems.

Results of Neurofeedback in Treatment of Children with ADHD: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents. Neurofeedback, a nonpharmaceutical treatment, has shown promising results. To review the evidence of efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD. A systematic review of the specific scientific studies published in 1995-2021, identifying and analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCT). A total of 1636 articles were identified and 165 met inclusion criteria, of which 67 were RCTs. Neurofeedback training was associated with significant long-term reduction in symptoms of ADHD. Though limitations exist regarding conclusions about the specific effects of neurofeedback, the review documents improvements in school, social, and family environments.

The External Validity of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Versus Inattention in Behavioral, Social Interaction, and Academic Performance Measures / La Validez Externa del Tempo Cognitivo Lento Frente a la Inatención en Medidas Comportamentales, de Interacción Social y de Rendimiento Académico

Background: The main objective was to replicate data on the external validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) dimension, versus ADHD Inattention (IN), with the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) SCT subscale [Cuestionario sobre el Comportamiento de Niños] (Burns et al., 2015). Method: 273 mothers and 255 fathers evaluated their 9 to13 year old children on SCT, IN and other CABI internalizing externalizing, academic impairment and social interaction measures. Results: As hypothesized, the relationship between SCT and externalizing measures, in contrast to IN, was practically nonexistent, whereas both measures were related to internalizing and social interaction measures. Thus, the unique predictive capacity of SCT and IN was significant and similar on internalizing measures, except in the case of shyness, where SCT was better, while IN was better on externalizing measures. Conclusions: The data largely replicated previous results: SCT, despite its relationship with IN, is capable of predicting a significant proportion of anxiety, depression, and excessive shyness problems and, unlike IN, functions as a protective measure for externalizing problems.(AU)

Antecedentes: El objetivo principal del presente trabajo ha sido replicar datos de la validez externa de la dimensión Tempo Cognitivo Lento (TCL), frente a inatención del TDAH (IN), con la versión española de la medida del TCL del Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) [Cuestionario sobre el Comportamiento de Niños] (Burns et al., 2015). Método: 273 madres y 255 padres evaluaron a sus hijos entre 9 y 13 años en TCL, IN y otras medidas internalizadas, externalizadas, de dificultades académicas e interacción social del CABI. Resultados: La relación de TCL con las medidas externalizadas, al contrario de IN, fue prácticamente nula, en cambio ambas medidas se relacionaron con las medidas internalizadas y de interacción social. La capacidad predictiva única de TCL e IN fue significativa y similar sobre las medidas internalizadas, excepto en el caso de timidez, donde TCL fue superior y, en cambio, en las medidas externalizadas fue superior IN. Conclusiones: Los datos replican en gran parte los resultados previos: el TCL, a pesar de su relación con IN, es capaz de predecir una parte significativa de problemas de ansiedad, depresión y timidez excesiva y, en cambio, al contrario de IN, resulta una medida protectora para los problemas externalizados.(AU)

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Posttreatment Efficacy of Neurofeedback, Behavior Therapy, and Pharmacology on ADHD Measures.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of neurofeedback (NF), behavior therapy (BT), and pharmacology (PH) on the improvement of ADHD-related symptoms. METHOD: Fifty-nine children with ADHD ( M = 8.80 years, SD = 1.92 years) were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments in a pre/post assessment design. Mother- and teacher-rated ADHD scales and children were assessed using The Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT). RESULTS: The three treatments were effective on the IVA/CPT, but with different trends. BT and especially NF achieved improvement on response control and attention, and PH mainly in visual attention. On the rating scales, BT improved all measures, and NF and PH had a minor but interesting influence. CONCLUSION: From a global perspective, behavior therapy had the most extensive results, but PH had the greatest capacity to improve overall attention. NF was able to improve both control response and inattention. Clinical implications are discussed.

Negativismo, ansiedad y retraimiento social como predictores de la sintomatología del déficit de atención con Hiperactividad / Negativity, anxiety and social withdrawal as predictors of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Se analiza la capacidad predictora de la ansiedad, la socialización, la autoestima y el negativismo respecto a los déficit de atención e hiperactividad, considerando en primer lugar, población normal y, posteriormente, individuos con sospecha de déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Han participado 259 niños (M=13,05; DT=1,92) y 241 niñas (M=12,90; DT=2,04). Se han diferenciado dos grupos a partir de la información aportada por los profesores a través de la "Escala para la evaluación del TDAH" (ADHD Rating Scale-IV; DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos y Reid, 1998). Los resultados muestran índices de varianza explicada entre el 33,5%, F(6, 349)= 30,854; p= 0,008, de la puntuación en inatención y el 45,2%, F(3,102)= 29,901; p= 0,008, en sintomatología combinada. Destacan síntomas de negativismo, ansiedad estado y retraimiento social, como las variables más relevantes con tendencia a incrementar las puntuaciones en inatención e impulsividad. La autoestima escolar y consideración con los demás resultan las principales variables moderadoras de la sintomatología hiperactiva

Predictive ability of anxiety, socialization, self-esteem and negativism for attentional deficiencies and hyperactivity was analyzed, considering firstly a normal population and then individuals with suspected attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 259 children (M= 13.05, SD= 1.92) and 241 girls (M= 12.90, SD= 2.04) have participated in this study. Two groups have been differentiated from the information provided by teachers through the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos y Reid, 1998). The results show variance explained rates between 33.5%, F(6, 349)= 30.854, p= 008, inattention score and 45.2%, F(3,102)= 29.901, p= .008, combined symptoms. Symptoms of negativism, state anxiety and social withdrawal stand out, as the most relevant variables that tend to increase scores on inattention and impulsivity. The school esteem and consideration to others are the main moderating variables of overactive symptoms

Neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in hyperactivity: multilevel analysis of treatment effects on electroencephalography / Neurofeedback, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia de conducta en hiperactividad: análisis multinivel de los efectos terapéuticos en electroencefalografía

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through a controlled, randomized, multigroup design, with pre-, post- and follow-up treatment phases. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyze individual trajectories over time of each child in treatment, from specific measures of EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR) considering age and sex and b) to determine the therapeutic effect on attentional and behavioral variables evaluated through the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. A total of 57 children (7-14 years) diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: 1) 30 Theta/Beta training sessions, 2) Methylphenidate treatment and, 3) Behavior therapy administered according to a cognitive-behavioral protocol based on manuals. Data were analyzed using a Multilevel Longitudinal Regression Model. Results show that administered treatments are effective and cause similar effects on TBR variable, with no differences between them. However, significant differences were observed in the global attention (p=.002), auditory attention (p=.017) and visual attention (p=.028) (AU)

Se investiga la eficacia del neurofeedback, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia de conducta en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) mediante un diseño multigrupo, aleatorizado y controlado con fases pre, post-tratamiento y seguimiento. Se pretenden los siguientes objetivos: a) analizar las trayectorias individuales a través del tiempo, de cada niño en tratamiento, en la medida del EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR), considerando edad y sexo, y b) determinar el efecto terapéutico en variables atencionales y conductuales evaluadas mediante el Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. Participaron 57 niños (7-14 años) diagnosticados con TDAH, asignados aleatoriamente a alguna de las siguientes condiciones experimentales: 1) 30 sesiones de entrenamiento theta/beta, 2) tratamiento con metilfenidato y 3) terapia de conducta, según protocolo basado en manuales. Se ha empleado el Modelo Longitudinal de Regresión Multinivel para análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran que los tratamientos administrados son eficaces y originan efectos similares en la variable TBR, no apreciándose diferencias entre los mismos. Si bien, se observan diferencias significativas en la atención global (p=.002), atención auditiva (p=.017) y atención visual (p=.028) (AU)

Attention and response control in ADHD. Evaluation through integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test.

This study assesses attention and response control through visual and auditory stimuli in a primary care pediatric sample. The sample consisted of 191 participants aged between 7 and 13 years old. It was divided into 2 groups: (a) 90 children with ADHD, according to diagnostic (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2002) and clinical (ADHD Rating Scale-IV) (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos, & Reid, 1998) criteria, and (b) 101 children without a history of ADHD. The aims were: (a) to determine and compare the performance of both groups in attention and response control, (b) to identify attention and response control deficits in the ADHD group. Assessments were carried out using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT, Sandford & Turner, 2002). Results showed that the ADHD group had visual and auditory attention deficits, F(3, 170) = 14.38; p < .01, deficits in fine motor regulation (Welch´s t-test = 44.768; p < .001) and sensory/motor activity (Welch'st-test = 95.683, p < .001; Welch's t-test = 79.537, p < .001). Both groups exhibited a similar performance in response control, F(3, 170) = .93, p = .43.Children with ADHD showed inattention, mental processing speed deficits, and loss of concentration with visual stimuli. Both groups yielded a better performance in attention with auditory stimuli.

Neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in hyperactivity: Multilevel analysis of treatment effects on electroencephalography.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through a controlled, randomized, multigroup design, with pre-, post- and follow-up treatment phases. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyze individual trajectories over time of each child in treatment, from specific measures of EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR) considering age and sex and b) to determine the therapeutic effect on attentional and behavioral variables evaluated through the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. A total of 57 children (7-14 years) diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: 1) 30 Theta/Beta training sessions, 2) Methylphenidate treatment and, 3) Behavior therapy administered according to a cognitive-behavioral protocol based on manuals. Data were analyzed using a Multilevel Longitudinal Regression Model. Results show that administered treatments are effective and cause similar effects on TBR variable, with no differences between them. However, significant differences were observed in the global attention (p=.002), auditory attention (p=.017) and visual attention (p=.028).

Se investiga la eficacia del neurofeedback, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia de conducta en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) mediante un diseño multigrupo, aleatorizado y controlado con fases pre, post-tratamiento y seguimiento. Se pretenden los siguientes objetivos: a) analizar las trayectorias individuales a través del tiempo, de cada niño en tratamiento, en la medida del EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR), considerando edad y sexo, y b) determinar el efecto terapéutico en variables atencionales y conductuales evaluadas mediante el Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. Participaron 57 niños (7-14 años) diagnosticados con TDAH, asignados aleatoriamente a alguna de las siguientes condiciones experimentales: 1) 30 sesiones de entrenamiento theta/beta, 2) tratamiento con metilfenidato y 3) terapia de conducta, según protocolo basado en manuales. Se ha empleado el Modelo Longitudinal de Regresión Multinivel para análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran que los tratamientos administrados son eficaces y originan efectos similares en la variable TBR, no apreciándose diferencias entre los mismos. Si bien, se observan diferencias significativas en la atención global (p=.002), atención auditiva (p=.017) y atención visual (p=.028).

Attention and response control in ADHD. Evaluation through integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test

This study assesses attention and response control through visual and auditory stimuli in a primary care pediatric sample. The sample consisted of 191 participants aged between 7 and 13 years old. It was divided into 2 groups: (a) 90 children with ADHD, according to diagnostic (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2002) and clinical (ADHD Rating Scale-IV) (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos, & Reid, 1998) criteria, and (b) 101 children without a history of ADHD. The aims were: (a) to determine and compare the performance of both groups in attention and response control, (b) to identify attention and response control deficits in the ADHD group. Assessments were carried out using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT, Sandford & Turner, 2002). Results showed that the ADHD group had visual and auditory attention deficits, F(3, 170) = 14.38; p < .01, deficits in fine motor regulation (Welch´s t-test = 44.768; p < .001) and sensory/motor activity (Welch’st-test = 95.683, p < .001; Welch’s t-test = 79.537, p < .001). Both groups exhibited a similar performance in response control, F(3, 170) = .93, p = .43.Children with ADHD showed inattention, mental processing speed deficits, and loss of concentration with visual stimuli. Both groups yielded a better performance in attention with auditory stimuli

No disponible

Conductas autoestimulatorias: aplicación de sobrecorrección y reforzamiento en un caso de deficiencia mental / No disponible

La sobrecorrección (práctica positiva o combinación de instrucciones verbales y guía física), resultó efectiva sobre una conducta autoestimulatoria en un sujeto con deficiencia mental. En este trabajo, también se analiza la efectividad del reforzamiento positivo para reducir la conducta alterada, administrado tras cumplir un criterio temporal sin emisión de la misma. El tratamiento fue progresivamente efectivo requiriendo en principio una guía física total, luego parcial y al final bastando con la instrucción verbal. Por último, el apoyo terapéutico de un coterapeuta, auxiliar de un aula, demostró la facilidad de aplicación del tratamiento, sus buenos resultados y las interesantes posibilidades con vista a la terapia aplicada en la escuela (AU)

Over-correction (positive practice or combination of verbal instructions and physical guide) proved to be an effective method for the modification of a mentally handicapped person's behaviour. In this paper, the effectiveness of positive reinforcement for the reduction of the behavioural disorder is also analyzed. Reinforcement was administered after a time criterion without behaviour was reached. Treatment was progressively efective, having required initially a complete physical guide, that was replaced by a partial guide and, finally, by verbal instructions. The therapeutical help of a classroom assistant acting as cotherapist during the final phases demonstrated the easiness of treatment implementation, good results and interesting possibilities in relation to its applications at school (AU)

Validez de la evaluación electroencefalográfica en la identificación del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad / No disponible

En este trabajo se analiza la validez del EEG como prueba añadida en el diagnóstico del TDAH así como de la SNAP-IV, instrumento empleado con frecuencia en atención primaria para la detección de este trastorno. Han participado 108 niños con edades comprendidas entre 7 y 14 años, derivados por presentar sintomatología hiperactiva-atencional. La validez del EEG se ha estimado a partir de la ratio theta/beta y considerando las variables tarea realizada (mirar un punto fijo, leer, escuchar y dibujar) mientras se realizaba la evaluación y grupo de edad de los menores que han participado. Los resultados muestran índices de sensibilidad y especificidad entre el 70% y el 80%, con una eficacia en la clasificación real superior al 75%. La edad se establece como un criterio fundamental tanto a la hora de seleccionar la ratio theta/beta más adecuada, como las tareas a emplear durante la evaluación. Estos datos avalan la utilidad del EEG en el diagnóstico del TDAH (AU)

This paper examines the validity of the EEG as an additional diagnostic test of ADHD as well as the SNAP-IV, an instrument often used in primary care screening for this disorder. It has be en included a total of 108 children, aged between 7 and 14 years, with hyperactive-attention symptomatology. The validity of the EEG has been estimated from the ratio of theta / beta variables and considering the work done (look at a fixed point, reading, listening and drawing) while performing the evaluation and age group of children who participated. The results show sensitivity and specificity rates between 70% and 80%, with an efficacy in the real c1assification above 75%. The age is a fundamental criterion for selecting the adequate ratio theta/ beta and the tasks used during the evaluation. These data support the utility of EEG in the diagnosis of ADHD (AU)

Tratamiento de los trastornos del comportamiento. Revisión de las propuestas actuales / No disponible

En este trabajo se analizan las propuestas actuales de intervención en los trastornos del comportamiento, el trastorno negativista desafiante y trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad, tomando en consideración entre otras variables, comorbilidad, factores de riesgo y tratamientos recomendados por criterios de eficacia. Se revisan los programas y procedimientos más empleados y las estrategias que, a partir de las evidencias científicas, permitan la práctica clínica y asistencial basada en estándares de eficacia. Se hace hincapíe asimismo en las limitaciones halladas en los estudios publicados y las futuras líneas de investigación a desarrollar sobre el tema(AU)

This paper analyzes the current proposals for intervention in behavioral disorders, oppositional defiant disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, taking into consideration among other, variables such as comorbidity, risk factors and treatments recommended by effectiveness criteria. We review the programs and procedures most used and the strategies from scientific evidence, which enable clinical practice and assistance based on standards effectiveness. emphasis is also made on the limitations found in the literature and future research to develop on the subject (AU)

Validez de la evaluación electroencefalográfica en la identificación del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad / Validity assessment of electroencephalographic in identifying the Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

En este trabajo se analiza la validez del EEG como prueba añadida en el diagnóstico del TDAH así como de la SNAP-IV, instrumento empleado con frecuencia en atención primaria para la detección de este trastorno. Han participado 108 niños con edades comprendidas entre 7 y 14 años, derivados por presentar sintomatología hiperactiva-atencinal. La validez del EEG se ha estimado a partir de la ratio theta/beta y considerando las variables tarea realizada (mirar un punto fijo, leer, escuchar y dibujar) mientras se realizaba la evaluación y grupo de edad de los menores que han participado. Loa resultados muestran índices de sensibilidad y espeficidad entre el 70% y el 80%, con una eficacia en la clasificación real del 75%. La edad se establece como un criterio fundametal tanto a la hora de seleccionar la ratio theta/beta más adecuada, como las tareas a emplear durante la evaluación. Estos datos avalan la utilidad del EEG en el diagnóstico del TDAH(AU)

This paper examines the validity of the EEG as additional evidence in the diagnosis of ADHD as well as the SNAP-IV, an instrument often used in primary care for the detection of this disorder. 108 children participated, aged between 7 and 14, derived by hyper-atencinal symptomatology. The validity of the EEG was estimated using the ratio of theta / beta variables and considering the work done (look at a fixed point, read, listen and draw) while performing the evaluation and age of the children involved. Loa results show high sensitivity and espeficidad between 70% and 80%, with an actual sorting efficiency of 75%. The age is set as a criterion lies predominantly both in selecting the ratio theta / beta adequate to the tasks used during the evaluation. These data support the usefulness of EEG in the diagnosis of ADHD (AU)

Prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención en escolares: comparación entre criterios diagnósticos y criterios clínicos / Prevalence of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in students: comparison between diagnostic criteria and clinical criteria

Se ha estudiado la prevalencia de sintomatología hiperactiva y el déficit de atención a través de dos criterios habitualmente considerados en la investigación y en la práctica clínica sobre el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH): los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) y el criterio clínico (percentil 98) establecido para la “Escala de valoración del TDAH-IV” (ADHD Rating Scale-IV; DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos y Reid, 1998). La muestra estuvo formada por 500 estudiantes de primaria y secundaria (51,8% varones), con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 16 años. Los resultados, teniendo en cuenta la distribución de los subtipos del TDAH, muestran un porcentaje global a nivel clínico del 4,8% (1,2% subtipo combinado, 2% subtipo hiperactivo y 1,6% subtipo inatento), frente al 23% que ofrece el cribado mediante criterios diagnósticos (4,4% subtipo combinado, 2,6% subtipo hiperactivo y 16,8% subtipo inatento). Así pues, estos datos ponen de manifiesto importantes discrepancias entre ambos sistemas de clasificación, especialmente centradas en el subtipo inatento. Se discute la adecuación de los criterios diagnósticos actuales como cribado para la detección de alumnos con TDAH (AU)

The prevalence of the hyperactive-attention deficit symptomatology was studied using two common criteria in the research on and clinical practice in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) and the clinical criterion established for the scale ADHD Rating Scale-IV (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos, & Reid, 1998). The studied sample comprised 500 subjects with ages between 10 and 16 years. The results, considering the distribution of the subtypes of the TDAH, show a global percentage clinical level of 4.8% (1.2% combined subtype, 2% hyperactive subtype and 1.6% attention deficit subtype), as opposed to 23 % that offers the screening by means of diagnostic criteria (4.4 % combined subtype, 2.6 % hyperactive subtype and 16.8 % unattentive subtype). Such results reveal important discrepancies among both systems of classification, particularly regarding the attention deficit subtype. There is a final discussion on the adjustment of current diagnostic criteria like screening for the detection of students with ADHD

Psychological impact of burns on children treated in a severe burns unit.

The aims of this study were to analyse the types of incident which cause children's burns, to investigate emotional reactions and associated behaviour afterward and to ascertain post-admission sequelae. A total of 83 young people took part, aged 1-17 years, with a mean 12% (range 1.5-47%, S.D. 8.0) total body surface area burned. According to the results from the psychometric scales and questionnaire used, most burns were the result of domestic incidents. Older children scored higher in anxiety. The most common behavioural reactions observed (attachment, wish to go back home) reflect the particularity of these patients compared with other samples of children in hospital. With respect to post-admission sequelae, no relevant results were obtained.

Perfil social de los subtipos del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad / Social profile of the subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Este estudio analiza la relación existente entre el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad y distintos perfiles sociales, tanto a nivel descriptivo como predictivo. Para ello, se han evaluado a 150 alumnos (10-16 años) y 14 profesores, seleccionados aleatoriamente de 14 centros escolares. Los resultados obtenidos han puesto de manifiesto que los niños con sintomatología hiperactiva difieren de los alumnos controles en todas las variables de socialización, excepto en ansiedad social y timidez. El autocontrol social constituye la principal variable implicada en la disminución de la sintomatología hiperactiva.Asimismo, negativismo y retraimiento social acentúan los síntomas hiperactivos en los subtipos TDAH diferenciados (Subtipo déficit atencional y Subtipo combinado). Por último, el grupo con sintomatología combinada muestra comparativamente un perfil de socialización más desajustado, con elevado negativismo y escasa consideración hacia los demás

This study analyzes the existing relation between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and different social profiles, as much at descriptive level as predictive. For it, 150 students (10-16 years) and 14 professors, selected randomly of 14 scholastic centershave evaluated themselves to. The obtained results have shown that the children withhyperactive symptoms differ from the students controls in all the variables of socialization,except in social anxiety and timidity. The social self-control constitutes the mainvariable implied in the diminution of the hyperactive symptoms. Also, oppositional andsocial retirement accentuate the hyperactive symptoms in differentiated ADHD subtypes (attention-deficit and combined Subtypes). Finally, the group with combined symptoms shows a misadjusted profile of socialization comparativily more, with high oppositional and little consideration with the others and little consideration with the others (AU)

Demanda de apoyo psicosocial en cuidadores de niños con enfermedades de baja prevalencia / Psychosocial support demand in caregivers of children with rare diseases

La denominación de enfermedades raras agrupa un conjunto heterogéneo de patologíasque comparten su baja prevalencia, estimada por debajo de 5 casos por cada 10.000habitantes. Se trata de enfermedades crónicas, de difícil diagnóstico, respecto a las cualesno existe una respuesta terapéutica integral. Conllevan disminución de la esperanza de vida y problemas significativos a los individuos que las padecen. Su repercusión adversa se extiende también a la familia.El trabajo realizado en este contexto tiene como objetivos: a) analizar la percepciónde progenitores respecto a las consecuencias de la enfermedad diagnosticada a sus hijosy a sus necesidades asistenciales y de apoyo y b) determinar la influencia que sobre estascuestiones ejerce el grado de incapacidad asociada. Han participado 33 progenitores deniños diagnosticados de enfermedades raras e infrecuentes, agrupados en dos subgrupossegún el tipo de afectación cognitiva o física vinculada.Los resultados revelan que el grado de afectación física de la enfermedad influye sobre la valoración de la calidad de vida de los progenitores. Independientemente del diagnóstico, los padres que muestran elevados niveles de alteraciones emocionales refieren necesidades insatisfechas de información y formación relativas al manejo de los aspectos emocionales y conductuales implicados

The denomination of rare diseases includes a heterogeneous group of pathologiescharacterized by their low prevalence, estimated in less than 5 cases each 10.000 inhabitants. They are chronic diseases, difficult to diagnose, without a complete therapeutic response. It envolves decreasing life expectancy and significant problems to affected individuals. Its adverse impact extends to the family. The work carried out in this context has the following objectives: a) to analyze parent´s perception with regard to the consequences of their children disease and their care and support needs and b) to determine the influence of the associated disability. 33 parents of children diagnosed with rare and unusual illnesses have been interviewed, grouped in two subgroups according to the king of cognitive or physic suffering. Results reveals that the seriousness of the diseases´s physical symptoms has influence on parents perceptions of quality of life. Regardless of the diagnosis, parents, which show high levels of emotional disorders, indicates the necessity of information and training relating to the management of the emotional and behavioural aspects involved