Covid 19: Eating behavior changes related to individual and household factors during the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain

To analyze the influence of individual and household factors on eating behavior (EB) and other determinants related to eating during the home lockdown in the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: Online survey (April 17 to May 10, 2020) to collect sociodemographic information, health, and various EB attitudes. Statistical analysis of the factors: country, setting, sex, BMI classification, lockdown period, a household with children under 15 years, nutritional needs, age groups, type and size household, monthly income, and religion. Results: 1055 households participated. 75% have modified their eating habits, with differences due to being overweight or obese in the person surveyed (p <0.05). Changes in EB and other lifestyles are influenced by household structure (p <0.001) and the effects that the pandemic has had on the economy of families (p <0.001). Compared to those who do not have them, households with children tend to plan much more meals, spend more time eating, seek a healthier diet, increase the number of daily meals, and look more at labeling. In contrast, people who live alone have worsened the hourly routines of the main meals. Conclusions: Confinement has modified eating behavior differently depending on the individual and domestic factors analyzed(AU)

Analizar la influencia de factores individuales y del hogar sobre el comportamiento alimentario (CA), y otros determinantes relacionados con la alimentación, durante el confinamiento domiciliario en la pandemia por Covid-19. Método: Encuesta online (17 abril al 10 de mayo de 2020) para recopilar información sociodemográfica, de salud y diversas actitudes del CA. Análisis estadístico sobre los factores: país, ámbito, sexo, IMC, tiempo de confinamiento, hogar con menores de 15 años, necesidades nutricionales, grupos de edad, tipo y tamaño del hogar, ingresos y religión. Resultados: Participaron 1055 hogares. El 75% ha modificado sus hábitos alimentarios, con diferencias por sobrepeso u obesidad de la persona encuestada (p<0.05). Los cambios en el CA y otros estilos de vida están influenciados por la estructura del hogar (p<0.001) y los efectos que la pandemia ha tenido sobre la economía de las familias (p<0.001). Los hogares que tienen hijos/as, respecto a los que no los tienen, tienden a planificar mucho más las comidas, dedicar más tiempo a la alimentación, procuran una alimentación más saludable, incrementan el número de comidas diarias y miran más el etiquetado. Por el contrario, las personas que viven solas han empeorado las rutinas horarias de las principales comidas. Conclusiones: El confinamiento ha modificado de manera diferenciada el comportamiento alimentario en función de los factores individuales y domésticos analizados(AU)

Caracterización del consumo de alimentos e ingesta de nutrientes de población residente en las Islas Galápagos / Characterization of food consumption and nutrient intake of population resident in the Galapagos Islands

Las Islas Galápagos es una de las provincias de Ecuador con mayores índices de sobrepeso y obesidad en población adulta. Debido a las restricciones de producción de alimentos, la presión turística y otros factores sociales; la disponibilidad, el acceso y consumo de alimentos saludables y recomendables puede estar afectando al estado de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de su población. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar el consumo de alimentos de la población y su adecuación a las necesidades nutricionales. Sobre una muestra de 120 personas residentes en las Islas Galápagos se aplicaron 3 R24h. Los resultados de la valoración nutricional fueron comparados con las IDR, realizando un análisis factorial multivariante para analizar diferencias por grupo de edad o desempeño profesional. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales para caracterizar el perfil de ingesta de nutrientes. Para energía y principios inmediatos se sobrepasan las recomendaciones, principalmente entre las mujeres, a la vez que se evidencia una ingesta inadecuada de fibra, iodo, ácido fólico y vitamina E. Respecto a los grupos de alimentos, el consumo medio de frutas y verduras frescas es muy escaso y el aporte proteico proviene en mayor medida de productos cárnicos (46%), seguido de pescado (24%) y arroz (17%). Los resultados de este estudio evidencian la necesidad de asegurar el acceso a alimentos frescos y saludables, en especial frutas y verduras, y promover la adopción de pautas nutricionales que promuevan un consumo adecuado de ciertos alimentos(AU)

The Galapagos Islands are one of the provinces of Ecuador with the highest rates of overweight and obesity among the adult population. Due to its restrictions on local production, tourist pressure and other social factors; availability, access and consumption to food is a problem that is related to the state of food and nutritional security of its population. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the pattern of food consumption of healthy and recommended foods may be affecting the food insecurity or nutritional status of its population. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the food consumption of the population and its adaptation to nutritional needs. On a sample of 120 people resident in the Galapagos Islands, 3 R24h were applied. The results of the nutritional assessment were compared with the RDI. A multivariate factor analysis has been performed to analyze differences by age group or professional performance. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to characterize the nutrient intake. Recommendations are exceeded for energy and immediate principles, mainly among women. On the other hand, there is an inadequate intake of fiber, iodine, folic acid and vitamin E. Regarding food groups, the average consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is very low and protein intake comes mostly from meat products (46%), followed by fish (24%) and rice (17%). The results of this study demonstrate the need to ensure access to fresh and healthy foods, especially fruits and vegetables, and to promote the adoption of nutritional guidelines that promote adequate food intake(AU)

Health risks in rural populations due to heavy metals found in agricultural soils irrigated with wastewater in the Alto Balsas sub-basin in Tlaxcala and Puebla, Mexico.

The aim of this study was to determine the hazard ratio (HQ), the risk index (HI), and the cancer risk index (CRI) for populations of adults and children exposed to ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation of heavy metals in agricultural soil. For these, the contents of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Zn, and the metalloid As were determined in soils of four zones of the sub-basin of Alto Balsas, during two different periods of the year. The average content of metals in the soil was 1.24, 14.77, 14.80, 13.06, 5.50, 17.65, 22.89, and 5.32 mg kg-1 for Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Zn, and As, respectively. The highest risk in terms of HQ and HI was for adults, especially for men who are affected through the skin, with Cd and Cr being the most dangerous. CRI values were within the allowable range, without posing problems for adult and child populations.

Assessment risk to children's health due to consumption of cow's milk in polluted areas in Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico.

This study aimed to determine the heavy metal content in cow's milk produced in areas irrigated with waste water and to evaluate the health risk with daily consumption of milk for children. The sample consisted of four zones in which small farmers were selected and the milk of 160 cows in two seasons of the year. On average, the metals in the milk in decreasing order were 0.36; 0.046; 0.035; 0.029; 0.015; 0.012, and 0.002 mg kg-1 for Zn, Pb, As, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd, respectively. The Pb exceeded the limits allowed by Codex. The values shown in the hazard quotient for the As of more than 1 and HI were higher. On the other hand, the individual risk of cancer showed a descending order As> Cd> Cr> Pb, while the total risk indicated that the combined effect of metals put girls and boys at serious risk.