[Perityphlitic abscess after perforated appendicitis with carcinoid of the appendix]. / Perityphlitischer Abszess nach Appendicitis perforata mit Karzinoid in der Appendix.

Appendix carcinoid in children is a rare condition which is found by accident at the histological examination of the appendix. We report on a rare case in which a covered perforation of a diverticulum had occurred. First of all the patient was treated conservatively with antibiotics and 2 months later the appendectomy à froid was performed. The annual follow-up of these patients is certainly indicated.

Echinococcus granulosus infection of the liver and lung in an 8 1/2-year-old boy.

We report on an 8 1/2-year-old boy with an echinococcus granulosus infection of the liver and lung, drawing particular attention to the therapy applied. This therapy consists on the one hand of medicinal treatment with Mebendazol and on the other hand of two subsequent operations with resection of the cysts. The course of the illness is illustrated by means of the most important laboratory parameters; an indication of the present serological diagnostic is also given.

Congenital esophagostenosis.

By means of two of our own cases we report on congenital esophagostenosis which occurs in a proportion of 1:50,000. The typical clinical symptoms consist of frequent vomiting, regurgitation of undigested food particles which have no acid smell, and regurgitation of viscous mucus and saliva. In the last decade direct operative treatment has taken the place of primary bougienage therapy.

[Abdominal lymphangioma in childhood]. / Das abdominale Lymphangiom im Kindesalter.

The symptoms of abdominal lymphangioma are unspecific and depend on site and size of the tumor. The most frequent symptoms consist of pain up to the clinical picture of a pseudo-appendicitis, digestive problems, palpable or even exterior visible tumors such as the pseudo-ascites. Often the diagnosis cannot be found by clinical examination or further investigation. As a differential diagnosis all mesenterial cysts as well as other cystic tumors which originate in an abdominal organ must be taken in account. In most cases possible complications make surgical intervention necessary through which an exact diagnosis of the actually asymptomatic tumor can be found. Lymphangioma can lead to obstruction of the intestine, the ureter or the bile-duct. Inflammations of the cyst wall, bleeding into the cyst, torsion of the cyst pedicle and rupture of the cyst occur. The only curative therapy is the total surgical removal. Prognosis is good and relapse seldom occurs. We report on a 4.5-year-old boy with a cystic lymphangioma of the mesosigma. In addition, we discuss cases from the literature of the past 15 years.

Congenital scalp and skull defects with terminal transverse limb anomalies (Adams-Oliver syndrome): report of three additional cases.

Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp combined with terminal transverse limb defects (Adams-Oliver syndrome) is a rare congenital disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. Thirty-one patients with the complete syndrome have been published. We report three additional patients (one mother and her affected child, one sporadic case) and discuss the probable vascular disruptive pathogenesis, the clinical variability and the treatment of this condition in the light of a comprehensive review of the literature.

[Sclerosing treatment with ethoxysclerol in anal prolapse in children]. / Uber die Sklerosierungsbehandlung mit Aethoxysklerol bei Analprolaps im Kindesalter.

In 1980 we began the perianal injection treatment in children with anorectal prolapse. We can now report on 31 patients. In 1982 we reported on our first experiences with 6 children. We treat the children in hospital and inject aethoxysklerol mostly twice at an interval of three days. On the whole there were two relapses, both children were over 6 years old. A second injection treatment with the same method was again unsuccessful. In relation to the perianal cerclage according to Thiersch-Ombrédanne - the method we used before - the injection treatment gives almost only advantages: Simple technique, shorter hospitalisation, fast healing without burdening the patients, no complications.

[Pharmacodynamics of erythromycin lactobionate during tonsillectomy in children]. / Pharmakodynamik von Erythromycin-Laktobionat während der Tonsillektomie bei Kindern.

In 22 children serum levels and concentration of erythromycin in the tonsil tissue after intravenous injection were measured. The concentration of erythromycin in the tonsils one hour after injection was four times the serum level. Two hours after injection the ratio was reduced significantly to 1.2. From the results it is concluded that perioperative antibiotic therapy with erythromycin has pharmacodynamic advantages.

[Traumatic hip dislocation in the child]. / Traumatische Hüftluxation beim Kind.

We report on 20 own cases of the past 20 years. Traumatic hip dislocation in children, which is a rare event, should be primarily reduced under anaesthesia as quickly as possible. An open reduction is only necessary with the luxatio obturatoria if a sole conservative reduction attempt is unsuccessful. A possible ipsilateral femur shaft fracture must be treated operatively at the same time.

[Surgical treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis--a retrospective study from 1975 to 1987]. / Beitrag zur operativen Behandlung der nekrotisierenden Enterokolitis--Ein Rückblick von 1975 bis 1987.

Between 1975 and 1987 15 patients were operatively treated at the St. Gallen Children's Hospital for necrotising enterocolitis. The number of patients cured and those who died, as well as the time of outbreak of the illness, age and treatment are shown in tabular form. Early diagnosis and selective therapy decisively reduce lethality. Long-term results show normal psychomotor development and no intestinal disturbance.

[Cavernous hemangioma of the epididymis, a case report]. / Kavernöses Hämangiom des Nebenhodens, ein Fallbericht.

This report concerns the case of an unusual tumour of the epididymis, i.e. a haemangioma. This led to secondary extensive bleeding and haemorrhagic infarcting of the testis and the epididymis. Frequency, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of the tumours of the epididymis are also discussed.

[Long-term results of Ombrédanne hypospadias operations]. / Langzeitergebnisse der Hypospadieoperationen nach Ombrédanne.

Experience during twenty years with the Ombrédanne method for the correction of hypospadias demonstrates that good functional and cosmetic late results are achieved with the surgical technique of our days. The disadvantage of the two-stage procedure is compensated by the advantage of safer operation technique with low risk of fistula formation and by the fact that no catheter is necessary.

[BCG osteitis in Switzerland. A report of 6 cases]. / BCG-Osteitis in der Schweiz. Ein Bericht über 6 Fälle.

BCG osteitis is a rare complication after vaccination in the newborn. On the basis of various, not yet fully known mechanisms, an increase in the number of cases is nevertheless possible. In the period 1980-1985 the authors recorded 6 instances of BCG osteitis. The clinical findings and diagnostic criteria are described. The incidence, pathogenesis and therapy of the disease are discussed.

[Double uterus malformation with unilateral kidney agenesis]. / Uterusdoppelmissbildungen mit einseitiger nierenagenesie.

When double uterus is observed, absence of one kidney is common. These rare congenital anomalies are known in literature. In the years 1980-1984 we observed four cases. Symptoms, diagnosis and therapy are described. Preoperative diagnosis is now much better by ultrasonography. Nevertheless operative procedure has to be adapted to the real anatomic situation at first within the intervention. In one case a second operation was necessary because of a recurrence. This case is described in detail.

[Rare stomach tumor--cystic leiomyoma in childhood]. / Seltener Magentumor--Zystisches Leiomyom im Kindesalter.

We report about a rare gastric tumour of a child and discuss the important literature.

[Polar resection in double kidneys in childhood]. / Zur Problematik der Polresektion bei Doppelnieren im Kindesalter.

78 cases of double kidneys without vesico-uretero-renal reflux, in which a heminephrectomy was done, were histologically investigated. The histopathological results were compared with the clinic and the urogram. It could be demonstrated that the results did not correspond in some cases. As a consequence of these discrepancies, we conclude that intravenous urography is not sufficient to indicate a primary heminephrectomy. Therefore, additional studies, such as a diethylenetriaminopentaacetate-T-99m scintigram and a preoperative kidney biopsy under sonographic control, are suggested.

[Uterus duplication abnormalities with unilateral kidney agenesis, a report on 5 cases]. / Uterusdoppelmissbildungen mit einseitiger Nierenagenesie, ein Bericht über 5 Fälle.

Uterus malformation with renal agenesis at the same time are rare but well-known in literature. The leading symptom is dysmenorrhoea, pain in the lower abdomen increasing with each menstruation and a growing tumour in the small pelvis. We consider sonography of the small pelvis as being the optimal diagnostic examination. Once the diagnosis has been made, a laparotomy is indispensable. Further proceedings depend on the intraoperative result, whether a reconstruction and/or a partial removement of the inner female genital organs is possible or necessary. We could successfully treat 5 cases of genital malformation with ipsilateral renal agenesis.