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1.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth ; 37(7): 1143-1151, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37076386

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The clinical use of less-invasive devices that calculate the cardiac output from arterial pressure waveform is increasing. The authors aimed to evaluate the accuracy and characteristics of the systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) of the cardiac index measured by 2 less-invasive devices, fourth-generation FloTrac (CIFT) and LiDCOrapid (CILR), compared with the intermittent thermodilution technique, using a pulmonary artery catheter (CITD). DESIGN: This was a prospective observational study. SETTING: This study was conducted at a single university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Elective cardiac surgery was used as an intervention. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hemodynamic parameters, CIFT, CILR, and CITD, were measured after the induction of general anesthesia, at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass, after completion of weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, 30 minutes after weaning, and at sternal closure (135 measurements in total). The CIFT and CILR had moderate correlations with CITD (r = 0.62 and 0.58, respectively). Compared with CITD, CIFT, and CILR had a bias of -0.73 and -0.61 L/min/m2, limit of agreement of -2.14-to-0.68 L/min/m2 and -2.42-to-1.20 L/min/m2, and percentage error of 39.9% and 51.2%, respectively. Subgroup analysis for evaluating SVRI characteristics showed that the percentage errors of CIFT and CILR were 33.9% and 54.5% in low SVRI (<1,200 dyne×s/cm5/m), 37.6% and 47.9% in moderate SVRI (1,200-1,800 dyne×s/cm5/m), 49.3% and 50.6% in high SVRI (>1,800 dyne·s/cm5/m2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of CIFT or CILR was not clinically acceptable for cardiac surgery. Fourth-generation FloTrac was unreliable in high SVRI. LiDCOrapid was inaccurate across a broad range of SVRI, and minimally affected by SVRI.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Monitorização Intraoperatória , Adulto , Humanos , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Débito Cardíaco , Resistência Vascular , Hemodinâmica , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Termodiluição/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
2.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 61(33): e202206680, 2022 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35696258

RESUMO

Four difluorenoheteroles having a central quinoidal core with the heteroring varying as furan, thiophene, its dioxide derivative and pyrrole have shown to be medium character diradicals. Solid-state structures, optical, photophysical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties have been discussed in terms of diradical character, variation of aromatic character and captodative effects (electron affinity). Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have been prepared, showing balanced hole and electron mobilities of the order of 10-3  cm2 V-1 s-1 or ambipolar charge transport which is first inferred from their redox amphoterism. Quantum chemical calculations show that the electrical behavior is originated from the medium diradical character which produces similar reorganization energies for hole and electron transports. The vision of a diradical as simultaneously bearing pseudo-hole and pseudo-electron defects might justify the reduced values of reorganization energies for both regimes. Structure-function relationships between diradical and ambipolar electrical behavior are revealed.

3.
Toxicol In Vitro ; 82: 105391, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35595035

RESUMO

Three-dimensional (3D) cultured primary cells are used to predict the toxicity of substances towards humans because these 3D cultures closely mimic the physiological architecture of tissues. Nonetheless, it is important to consider primary-cell-specific variability for endpoint selection and appropriate evaluation of toxicity because donor-dependent characteristics may be retained even in in vitro cell cultures. In this report, 3D differentiated bronchial epithelial cells from three donors were used to investigate donor-to-donor variability, with an aqueous extract of cigarette smoke (CS) used as the test substance. Ciliary function, cytokine secretion, and histopathology, which are affected by CS, were examined, and transcriptomic analysis was also performed. The results revealed that interleukin-8 secretion and oxidative stress-related gene expression were consistently altered for all donors; however, their amplitudes varied. Moreover, one of the donors showed unique responses to CS, suggesting that this donor was an outlier. This donor showed intrinsic differences in histology, cytokine secretion, and gene expression profile. Such donors may help evaluate potential toxicological concerns and aid our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Conversely, these donors may confound toxicological assessment and endpoint selection. Fit-for-purpose handling of inter-donor variability is warranted.


Assuntos
Fumar Cigarros , Brônquios/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Humanos , Nicotiana/toxicidade , Transcriptoma
4.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 56(44): 5881-5884, 2020 Jun 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32355944

RESUMO

Difluoreno[4,3-b:3',4'-d]furan (DFFu) was prepared via a short, scalable, multi-step synthesis, and characterized by crystallography, spectroscopic measurements, and theoretical calculations. Even though the results revealed an open-shell singlet diradical character, DFFu is stable under ambient conditions. The radical cationic and dianionic species of DFFu were also synthesized and characterized.

5.
Toxicol Lett ; 315: 14-22, 2019 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31400404

RESUMO

In vitro testing can facilitate the rapid assessment of next generation nicotine delivery products (NGPs) with comparisons to combustible tobacco products. In vitro assays for cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were employed at BAT (UK) and JT (Japan) to test total particulate matter (TPM) of a scientific reference cigarette and aerosol collected mass (ACM) of a commercially available E-cigarette and two tobacco heating products (THP). 3R4F TPMs were generated using the Health Canada intense (HCI) regimen, a modified regime (mHCI) for the THP ACMs and the CORESTA recommended method no. 81 for the E-cigarette ACM. Human lung cells were exposed to the test product TPM/ACMs at concentrations between 0-200 µg/ml followed by the employment of commercially available assays for endpoint analysis that included reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG), activation of the antioxidant response elements (ARE) and cellular viability. TPM/ACM nicotine concentrations were quantified using a UPLC-PDA technique. At both laboratories the 3R4F TPM induced significant and dose-dependent responses in all in vitro assays, whereas no significant responses could be measured for the NGP ACMs. In conclusion, both laboratories obtained comparable results across all endpoints therefore demonstrating the utility of the in vitro techniques combined with standardised test products to support the assessment of NGPs.


Assuntos
Aerossóis/análise , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Nicotina/análise , Material Particulado/análise , Produtos do Tabaco/análise , Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Humanos , Japão , Reino Unido
7.
Neuropharmacology ; 118: 59-68, 2017 05 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28284823

RESUMO

Pain consists of sensory and affective components. Although the neuronal mechanisms underlying the sensory component of pain have been studied extensively, those underlying its affective component are only beginning to be elucidated. Previously, we showed the pivotal role of the ventral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (vBNST) in the negative affective component of pain. Here, we examined the role of glutamate-nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the affective component of pain in rats using a conditioned place aversion (CPA) test. Intra-vBNST injection of either CNQX (an AMPA receptor antagonist) or MK-801 (an NMDA receptor antagonist) dose-dependently attenuated intraplantar formalin-induced CPA (F-CPA) without reducing nociceptive behaviors. In vivo microdialysis showed that extracellular oxidative NO metabolites (NOx) levels were significantly increased by intraplantar formalin injection. Intra-vBNST injection of NPLA (a selective neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) inhibitor), c-PTIO (a NO scavenger), or ZL006 (a postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95)-nNOS interaction inhibitor) dose-dependently suppressed F-CPA without attenuating nociceptive behaviors. Intra-vBNST injection of NOR3 (a NO donor) produced CPA in a dose-dependent manner in the absence of noxious stimulation. Furthermore, whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in the vBNST slices revealed that NOR3 induced depolarization of hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih)-positive vBNST neurons, which was blocked by the NO scavenger. These results suggest that activation of glutamatergic transmission and subsequent nNOS-derived NO production within the vBNST mediate the negative affective component of pain and that NO-evoked excitation of Ih-positive vBNST neurons may be among the cellular mechanisms underlying pain-induced aversion.


Assuntos
Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo I/metabolismo , Manejo da Dor , Dor/fisiopatologia , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Núcleos Septais/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Animais , Condicionamento Operante/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/efeitos dos fármacos , Formaldeído/toxicidade , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Hidroxilaminas/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitrocompostos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Núcleos Septais/citologia , Núcleos Septais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
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