Inguinal Lymphadenopathy After Renal Transplantation Leading to the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Case Report.

It is extremely rare for a patient with prostate cancer (PCa) to have palpable lymph nodes at the initial presentation. In fact, only 4 case reports of palpable superficial lymph nodes at the first visit led to the diagnosis of PCa. Moreover, no such cases are reported in kidney transplantation (KT) patients. A 72-year-old man who started hemodialysis due to diabetic nephropathy was referred to our hospital for a KT in 2018. Before the KT, he had a negative screen for cancer, including PCa. The postoperative course was good. He felt a lump in the left inguinal region three years after the KT. A computed tomography scan revealed abdominal and left inguinal lymphadenopathy, which was consistent with a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. However, a biopsy of an inguinal lymph node revealed adenocarcinoma with positive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) staining, suggesting lymph node metastasis of PCa. The blood PSA level was 1674.23 ng/mL. A prostate biopsy was performed, the pathologic diagnosis of which was PCa, with a Gleason score of 10. In conclusion, even though the standardized incidence ratio of PCa is not known to increase in KT patients, PCa should be included in the differential diagnosis, along with the possibility of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. We also suggest the importance of regular screening for malignant tumors after organ transplantation.

First enantiocontrolled formal synthesis of (+)-neovibsanin B, a neurotrophic diterpenoid.

An enantiocontrolled formal synthesis of (+)-neovibsanin B has been achieved by a sequence that applies an asymmetric 1,4-addition of (H(2)C=CH)(2)Cu(CN)Li(2) to trisubstituted alpha,beta-carboxylic acid derivative 1 to induce the chirality at the C-11 all-carbon quaternary center. Together with a modified Negishi cyclic carbopalladation-carbonylative esterification tandem reaction for constructing the A-ring, the synthesis was completed.

Models of Hopfield-type quaternion neural networks and their energy functions.

Recently models of neural networks that can directly deal with complex numbers, complex-valued neural networks, have been proposed and several studies on their abilities of information processing have been done. Furthermore models of neural networks that can deal with quaternion numbers, which is the extension of complex numbers, have also been proposed. However they are all multilayer quaternion neural networks. This paper proposes models of fully connected recurrent quaternion neural networks, Hopfield-type quaternion neural networks. Since quaternion numbers are non-commutative on multiplication, some different models can be considered. We investigate dynamics of these proposed models from the point of view of the existence of an energy function and derive their conditions for existence.