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Anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of both aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes with primary amines was achieved using an 8-quinolinolato rhodium catalyst to form aldimines and enamines in high yields. This catalytic system realized high functional group tolerance including hydroxy, bromo, cyano, and thioester groups.
Assuntos
Ródio , Alcinos , Aminas , CatáliseRESUMO
Both 2:1 and 1:1 couplings of alkylacetylenes with secondary amines were achieved using 8-quinolinolato rhodium catalysts and CsF. The 2:1/1:1 selectivity was switched by choosing the reaction solvent. In DMA, an unprecedented 2:1 coupling reaction of alkylacetylenes with amines proceeded to give 2-aminodiene products. One-pot 2:1 coupling/reduction provided rapid access to various allylamines, while one-pot coupling/hydrolysis gave enones as products. In toluene, anti-Markovnikov hydroamination occurred under relatively mild conditions to give 1:1 coupling products.
RESUMO
We report a hydroaminative cyclization of enynes using phosphine-quinolinolato rhodium catalysts. The hydroaminative cyclization of 2-vinylphenylacetylene derivatives with secondary amines gives 2-aminoindenes in good yields. The reaction is considered to proceed through carbon-carbon bond formation on a catalytically generated aminocarbene ligand.
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PURPOSE: Mild to moderate chest trauma is a common disease, although its clinical characteristics are not well known. We investigated the clinical profiles and the early and long-term outcome of hospitalized patients with chest trauma, focusing particularly on elderly patients. METHODS: The clinical records of patients who were hospitalized in Higashisumiyoshi Morimoto Hospital for chest trauma between January 2001 and December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical profiles, treatment methods, and outcomes were investigated. The primary endpoint was a repeat visit to the hospital for another traumatic condition after discharge, and the secondary endpoint was death. The patients were divided into two groups with respect to the age of 60 years, and differences were compared statistically. RESULTS: In all, 53 patients (34 men) were hospitalized for chest trauma in our hospital between January 2001 and December 2004. The mean age was 54.9 years (17-85 years). The distribution of age showed biphasic peaks-in the tens to twenties, and sixties to seventies. Injuries were significantly more likely to be caused by a fall in elderly patients than in younger patients (P < 0.05). The elderly patients revisited our hospital with another trauma more frequently than did the younger patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients were likely to suffer both falls and a further traumatic condition. This probably reflects the general deterioration of physical abilities, such as lowered cognitive and somatic performances.
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Envelhecimento , Traumatismos Torácicos/terapia , Acidentes por Quedas/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Readmissão do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Traumatismos Torácicos/etiologia , Traumatismos Torácicos/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A method for isolation and primary monolayer culture of pancreatic endocrine (PE) cells from the porcine pancreas has already been established. It is very important for the PE cell preparation to expand the pancreas to separate PE cells from acinar cells. For this purpose, we developed a pancreatic injection system. AIM: To compare two pancreatic injection methods: perfusion from an accessory pancreatic duct (cannulation method) and the traditional pancreatic tissue injection method (multiple injection method). RESULTS: A comparison of the results of the two methods revealed that the PE cell yield was significantly higher with the cannulation method (2.97 +/- 0.59 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) than with the multiple injection method (0.89 +/- 0.15 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) (p < 0.0001). The number of dithizone-positive cells was significantly higher with the cannulation method (1.64 +/- 0.36 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) than with the multiple injection method (0.36 +/- 0.09 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) (p < 0.0001). The number of adhesion cells after 7 days of culture following isolation was higher with the cannulation method (1.07 +/- 0.26 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) than with the multiple injection method (0.36 +/- 0.03 x 10(7) cells per pancreas) (p < 0.0001). The glucose stimulation index of insulin secretion was higher with the cannulation method than with the multiple injection method (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that pancreatic duct perfusion is useful for obtaining a high yield of PE cells from porcine pancreases.
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Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Separação Celular/métodos , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/citologia , Ductos Pancreáticos , Animais , Cateterismo , Contagem de Células , Células Cultivadas , Injeções/métodos , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreção de Insulina , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , SuínosRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Power Doppler ultrasonography can evaluate the hemodynamics of intrahepatic tumors. The ability of power Doppler ultrasonography to detect small hepatocellular carcinomas and estimate the differentiation of the tumor by the patterns of intranodular waves was assessed. METHODS: We used conventional B-mode ultrasonography, power Doppler ultrasonography, and dynamic computed tomography to examine 71 hepatocellular carcinomas (=3 cm) before liver resection. RESULTS: The sensitivity of conventional ultrasonography, power Doppler ultrasonography, and computed tomography increased as tumor diameter increased, with little difference between modalities. Nodules up to 5 mm in diameter as well as some nodules in the lateral segment or the subphrenic area of the liver were not detected by power Doppler ultrasonography, although two nodules not detected by computed tomography were apparent from power Doppler ultrasonography. With the latter modality, the proportion of nodules with afferent pulsatile waves was higher in moderately or poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas than in well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. Afferent continuous waves were detectable only in well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. CONCLUSION: Although the sensitivity of power Doppler ultrasonography remains unsatisfactory for minute lesions (=5 mm) and for laterally or subphrenically situated lesions, this method can usually distinguish moderately or poorly differentiated from well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas, which is useful in planning treatment and predicting outcome.