RESUMO
Exposure to organic dust from agricultural environments is associated with inflammatory respiratory conditions. The putative causal agents in organic dust include viral, microbial and fungal components, which are recognized by the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and drive host innate and adaptive responses. Our aim in this study was to determine whether responsiveness to organic dust among agricultural workers was dependent on polymorphisms in the TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 gene cluster. We stimulated whole blood from 509 agricultural workers with organic dust, triacyl lipopeptide N-palmitoyl-S-dipalmitoylglyceryl Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (Pam3CSK4) and the diacyl-lipopeptide peptidoglycan. Several of the tagging polymorphisms and haplotypes conferred hyper-responsiveness to organic dust with an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6; P<0.005), but not tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), secretion. We conclude that genetic variation in the TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 gene cluster mediates responsiveness to organic dust, but indicates different signaling pathways for IL-6 and TNF-α. These studies provide new insight into the role of the TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 gene cluster and the innate immune response to organic dust.
Assuntos
Poeira , Epistasia Genética , Receptor 10 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 1 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 6 Toll-Like/genética , Idoso , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Lipopeptídeos/imunologia , Lipopeptídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional , Peptidoglicano/imunologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Suínos , Receptor 1 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor 10 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor 6 Toll-Like/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
Macroaneurysms of the retinal arterioles are a clinical entity distinct from the aneurysmal dilations associated with Coats' disease, Leber's disease, Eales' disease, and angiomatosis retinae. The pathogenesis is not completely understood, but they are closely associated with systemic hypertension, generalized atherosclerosis, and age. Macroaneurysms have been classified into three major groups: exudative, hemorrhagic, and quiescent. Four examples of macroaneurysms are presented with photographic documentation. The clinical appearance, natural history, complications, and management of this retinal entity are discussed.
Assuntos
Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Artéria Retiniana , Idoso , Aneurisma/complicações , Aneurisma/etiologia , Aneurisma/cirurgia , Retinopatia Diabética/complicações , Angiofluoresceinografia , Fundo de Olho , Humanos , Fotocoagulação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hemorragia Retiniana/etiologia , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
The paranasal sinuses surround the orbit on three sides. The thin bony walls of the sinuses are an ineffective barrier to the spread of infection to either the orbit or the intracranial cavity. In this report a case of compressive optic neuropathy secondary to chronic sinusitis is presented. The anatomical and physiologic relation between the sinuses and the orbit are reviewed and sinusitis is discussed.