RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The global antibiotic resistance threat posed by ESBL and AmpC-producing Gram-Negative Bacteria (GNB) is a public health menace that rolls back the gains of 'One Health'. This study investigated the antibiogram and prevalence of AmpC and ESBL genes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. from poultry and abattoir milieus in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolation, identification and characterization of GNB from samples (150 abattoirs and 300 poultry) were done using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST), as well as phenotypic screening for ESBL and AmpC enzymes, was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. PCR technique was used to screen isolated GNB for AmpC and ESBL genes. RESULTS: Exactly 42 E. coli and 8 Klebsiella spp. isolate from poultry samples and another 5 P. aeruginosa isolates from abattoir samples were phenotypically confirmed to be ESBL-producers. AmpC enzymes were phenotypically detected in 8 E. coli and 13 P. aeruginosa isolates from poultry samples. All ESBL and AmpC-positive bacteria exhibited high resistance frequencies to tested antibiotics, especially to the carbapenems and cephalosporins. ESBL genes (CTX-M, SHV-1, TEM) and AmpC genes (ACC-M, MOX-M, DHA-M) were harbored by the isolated GNB in this study. Overall, the DHA-M and CTX-M genes, mediating AmpC and ESBL production respectively were the most prevalent genes harbored by the tested GNB. CONCLUSION: This study reported that AmpC and ESBL genes are harbored by Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella species and P. aeruginosa) that emanated from poultry and abattoir milieus.
Assuntos
Matadouros , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/enzimologia , Carne/microbiologia , Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Klebsiella/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella/enzimologia , Klebsiella/genética , Klebsiella/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nigéria , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzimologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to isolate and phenotypically characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)from clinical and community samples in Abakaliki, Nigeria. METHODS: A total of 709 clinical (303) and community samples (406) samples were obtained for this study. MRSA isolates were detected using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method with the inclusion of 1 µg oxacillin and cefoxitin antibiotic disc. The isolates were screened for the ß-lactamase production using nitrocefin sticks. RESULTS: A total of 44 MRSA isolates were obtained from the samples with prevalence frequency of 22.6 % and 20.8 % from clinical and community samples respectively. The clinical isolates were completely resistant (100 %) to ceftazidime, tetracycline and penicillin. Gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics against the clinical and community isolates respectively with a susceptibility frequency of 63.2 % and 80 %. Exactly 38.1 % and 24.2 % of the clinical and community S. aureus isolates were positive for beta-lactamase production respectively. The HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA isolates had MARI values within the range of 0.3 to 1.0. CONCLUSION: This present findings of multi-drug resistance MRSA is very worrisome as it further highlights the pressing need to keep a strict watch on MRSA emerging from this study area.
