Medical personnel knowledge and stigmatic attitude toward HIV patients in a high-income country.

Negative attitudes of health care workers (HCW) toward people living with HIV (PLWH) impact patients' care, quality-of-life, therapy adherence, and retention in care. Few publications address stigma and discrimination among HCWs in high income countries. This study aims to provide a better understanding of HCW knowledge and attitudes toward caring for PLWH, how this relates to discriminatory tendencies and professional contacts, and proposes effective strategies to reduce negative attitudes and stigmas among health care providers in a tertiary hospital in Israel. Of 321 health care personnel who responded to an electronic questionnaire, HCWs had a good level of general knowledge regarding HIV. A lack of knowledge was noted regarding antiretroviral therapy influences, HIV transmission from mother to child, and HIV risks and transmission. Cultural diversity was also noted. This study supports the need to implement a training program for HCWs on HIV-related stigma-reduction.

Nursing students' stress and satisfaction in clinical practice along different stages: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Research in the field of nursing students' stress shifted internationally in recent decades from Western to Eastern countries with an emphasis on Middle East and Far East countries. The clinical experience has always been at the heart of nursing education cross-culturally and is a major source of stress and attrition. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the perceptions of stress and satisfaction of undergraduate nursing students during three stages of clinical learning experiences: preclinical, clinical and advanced clinical. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: Three Bachelor's in Nursing programs in three higher educational institutions in Israel. PARTICIPANTS: Nursing undergraduate students in their second, third and fourth year of study (n = 892). METHODS: The Nursing Students Stress Scale and the Nursing Students Professional Satisfaction questionnaires were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics used to analyze the data included: Pearson correlation, Cronbach's alpha, one way ANOVA, t-test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. RESULTS: Overall mean level of stress was mild-moderate (2.67) and overall satisfaction moderate-high (3.57). Year of study and gender were the most significant predictors of nursing students' stress. The level of stress and satisfaction of second year students in the preclinical stage was significantly higher compared to peers in their third and fourth year. Female students experienced significantly higher levels of stress and satisfaction. The top most stressful situations for second year students were related to inadequate preparation to cope with knowledge and skill demands, whereas for third and fourth year students they were conflicts between professional beliefs and the reality in hospital practice. CONCLUSIONS: Nurse Educators are challenged to tailor stress reduction interventions according to the students' perceptions of stress. It is not only critical for their wellbeing and attrition, but also important in developing nursing professionals who will provide better care and caring for patients.

Stress among charge nurses: tool development and stress measurement.

The aim of this study was to develop and implement a tool for measuring the role stress of charge nurses. Tools are lacking regarding measurement of nursing role stressors, particularly for charge nurses. Based on focus groups and in-depth interviews with charge nurses within a large tertiary hospital, a charge nurse stress questionnaire was developed which measures six factors of stress: authority-responsibility conflict, patient-nurse interaction, deficient resources, managerial decision making, role conflict, and overload. The prominent stressors on charge nurses were specific to the role. Mean levels of stress were significantly higher for nurses who attended post-graduate clinical courses than for those who did not. The mean level of stress was higher for department nurse managers than for nurses without a managerial position. This tool was designed to measure charge nurse stress demonstrates reliability, and highlights the specific stressors demanded by the role. Preparation and ongoing support for fulfilling this position are recommended.

Parents, spouses, and children of hospitalized patients: evaluation of nursing care.

AIM: This paper is a report of a study of the effect of kinship type and gender on family members' evaluation of nursing care for patients and their families in hospital units. BACKGROUND: With increasing competition in the healthcare system, hospitals attribute great importance to client satisfaction, which is strongly related to the quality of nursing care. However, to date there has been little research into family members' evaluation of nursing care. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to spouses, parents and children (n = 441) of hospitalized patients in three Israeli hospitals during 2007-2008. RESULTS: Kinship type interacted with gender in affecting family members' evaluation of the quality of nursing care. Among men, husbands were the most satisfied with nursing behaviour, treatment of the patients, and the information they receive. Fathers were the least satisfied. Overall family evaluation of the service was predicted by their evaluation of caring, treatment, and the patient's environment; departmental reputation was predicted by evaluation of treatment. CONCLUSION: Nurses should be trained to develop sensitivity to the diverse expectations and needs of relatives, as well as awareness of how their own preconceptions affect their behaviour toward patients' families. Nurses should develop self-awareness of possible stereotypes and prejudices that may bias their behaviour towards family members. Reactions of family members should also be included in surveys of client satisfaction with nursing care.

New approach for teaching health promotion in the community: integration of three nursing courses.

The complexity of the health care system and its interdisciplinary nature require that each component of the system redefine its professional framework, relative advantage, and unique contribution as an independent discipline. In choosing the most efficient and cost-effective work-force, each profession in the health care system must clarify its importance and contribution, otherwise functions will overlap and financial resources will be wasted. As rapid and wide-ranging changes occur in the health care system, the nursing profession must display a new and comprehensive vision that projects its values, beliefs, and relationships with and commitment to both patients and coworkers. The plans to fulfill this vision must be described clearly. This article presents part of a new professional paradigm developed by the nursing department of the University of Haifa, Israel. Three main topics are addressed: The building blocks of the new vision (i.e., community and health promotion, managerial skills, academic research). Integration of the building blocks into the 4-year baccalaureate degree program (i.e., how to practice health promotion with students in the community setting; managerial nursing skills at the baccalaureate level, including which to choose and to what depth and how to teach them; and academic nursing research, including the best way to teach basic research skills and implement them via a community project). Two senior student projects, demonstrating practical linking of the building blocks.