The utility of the records medical: factors associated with the medication errors in chronic disease.

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the development of the medication history of the medical records to measure factors associated with medication errors among chronic diseases patients in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. METHODS: retrospective, descriptive observational study of secondary data, through the review of medical records of hypertensive and diabetic patients, from March to October 2016. RESULTS: The patients the mean age of patient was 62.1 ± 14.3 years. The number of basic nursing care (95.5%) prevailed and physician consultations were 82.6%. Polypharmacy was recorded in 54% of sample, and review of the medication lists by a pharmacist revealed that 67.0% drug included at least one risk. The most common risks were: drug-drug interaction (57.8%), renal risk (29.8%), risk of falling (12.9%) and duplicate therapies (11.9%). Factors associated with medications errors history were chronic diseases and polypharmacy, that persisted in multivariate analysis, with adjusted RP chronic diseases, diabetes RP 1.55 (95%IC 1.04-1.94), diabetes/hypertension RP 1.6 (95%CI 1.09-1.23) and polypharmacy RP 1.61 (95%IC 1.41-1.85), respectively. CONCLUSION: Medication errors are known to compromise patient safety. This has led to the suggestion that medication reconciliation an entry point into the systems health, ongoing care coordination and a person focused approach for people and their families.

The utility of the records medical: factors associated with the medication errors in chronic disease / A utilidade do registros médico: fatores associados aos erros de medicamentos em pacientes com doenças crônicas / La utilidad de la historia clínicas: factores asociados a los errores de medicación en la enfermedad crónica

ABSTRACT Objective: This study describes the development of the medication history of the medical records to measure factors associated with medication errors among chronic diseases patients in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Methods: retrospective, descriptive observational study of secondary data, through the review of medical records of hypertensive and diabetic patients, from March to October 2016. Results: The patients the mean age of patient was 62.1 ± 14.3 years. The number of basic nursing care (95.5%) prevailed and physician consultations were 82.6%. Polypharmacy was recorded in 54% of sample, and review of the medication lists by a pharmacist revealed that 67.0% drug included at least one risk. The most common risks were: drug-drug interaction (57.8%), renal risk (29.8%), risk of falling (12.9%) and duplicate therapies (11.9%). Factors associated with medications errors history were chronic diseases and polypharmacy, that persisted in multivariate analysis, with adjusted RP chronic diseases, diabetes RP 1.55 (95%IC 1.04-1.94), diabetes/hypertension RP 1.6 (95%CI 1.09-1.23) and polypharmacy RP 1.61 (95%IC 1.41-1.85), respectively. Conclusion: Medication errors are known to compromise patient safety. This has led to the suggestion that medication reconciliation an entry point into the systems health, ongoing care coordination and a person focused approach for people and their families.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo descreve o desenvolvimento da história de medicação a partir dos prontuários médicos para medir os fatores associados aos erros de medicamentos em pacientes com doenças crônicas, em Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e observacional de dados secundários, por meio da revisão de prontuários de pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos, de março a outubro de 2016. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 62,1±14,3 anos. Prevaleceu o número de atividades de cuidados básicos de enfermagem (95,5%) e as consultas médicas foram de 82,6%. A polifarmácia foi registrada em 54% da amostra e a revisão das listas de medicamentos por um farmacêutico revelou que 67,0% dos medicamentos incluíam pelo menos um risco. Os riscos mais comuns foram: interação entre medicamentos (57,8%), risco renal (29,8%), risco de queda (12,9%) e terapias duplicadas (11,9%). Os fatores associados à história de erros de medicamentos foram doenças crônicas e polifarmácia, que persistiram em análises multivariadas, com razão de prevalência (RP) ajustadas por doenças crônicas, diabetes RP 1.55 (95% IC 1.04-1.94), diabetes/hipertensão RP 1.6 (95% IC 1.09-1.23) e polifarmácia RP 1,61 (95% IC 1,41-1,85), respectivamente. Conclusão: Os erros de medicamentos são conhecidos por comprometer a segurança do paciente. Isso levou à sugestão de que a reconciliação de medicamentos como ponto de entrada nos sistemas de saúde, coordenando com cuidados contínuos e uma abordagem centrada no paciente para pessoas e suas famílias.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio describe el desarrollo del historial de medicación de las historias clínicas para medir los factores asociados a los errores de medicación en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas en Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Método: estudio retrospectivo, observacional descriptivo de datos secundarios, a través de la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos, de marzo a octubre de 2016. Resultados: La edad media del paciente fue de 62.1 ± 14.3 años. Las actividades de atención básica de enfermería representaron y prevalecieron (95.5%) y las consultas médicas fueron del 82.6%. La polifarmacéutica se registró en el 54% de la muestra, y la revisión de las listas de medicamentos por un farmacéutico reveló que el 67.0% de medicamentos incluía al menos un riesgo. Los riesgos más comunes fueron: interacción entre fármacos (57.8%), riesgo renal (29.8%), riesgo de caída (12.9%) and terapias duplicadas (11.9%). Los factores asociados con el historial de los errores de medicación fueron las enfermedades crónicas y la polifarmacéutica, que persistieron en el análisis multivariante, con enfermedades crónicas RP ajustadas, diabetes RP 1.55 (95%IC 1.04-1.94), diabetes / hipertensión RP 1.6 (95%CI 1.09-1.23) y polifarmacéutica RP 1.61 (95%IC 1.41-1.85), respectivamente. Conclusión: Se sabe que los errores de medicación comprometen la seguridad del paciente. Esto ha llevado a la sugerencia de que la reconciliación de medicamentos es un punto de entrada a la salud de los sistemas, la coordinación de la atención continua y un enfoque centrado en la persona para los pacientes y sus familias.

Angiotomografia de Coronárias e Proteína C Reativa na Avaliação da Doença Arterial Coronariana / Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and C-Reactive Protein in the Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease

Fundamento: A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) constitui a principal causa de morte nos países desenvolvidos. No Brasil, gasta-se aproximadamente 1,74% do Produto Interno Bruto com doenças cardiovasculares. Testes de isquemia possuem baixa acurácia diagnóstica em indivíduos com risco intermediário de DAC e a angiotomografia computadorizada de múltiplos detectores (ATCMD) pode contribuir para esclarecer o diagnóstico desses pacientes, não obstante o custo deste procedimento que ainda é elevado para o nosso padrão. A proteína C reativa (PCR) eleva-se no caso de inflamação sistêmica e tem sido utilizada como marcador de DAC. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação da PCR com a presença de placas ateroscleróticas identificadas pela angiotomografia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, no qual foram incluídos 118 pacientes com risco intermediário para DAC, que realizaram ATCMD das artérias coronárias e dosagem de PCR de setembro de 2011 a janeiro de 2013 em um hospital de referência cardiológica. Resultados: Cerca de 55% da amostra foi representada pelo gênero masculino. A DAC, HAS e obesidade foram identificadas em 68,6%, 76,3% e 31,8% dos indivíduos, respectivamente. Observou-se que os pacientes com concentrações elevadas de PCR tiveram uma chance 2,9 maior de apresentarem DAC diagnosticada por ATCMD (p = 0,016). Conclusão: Indivíduos com PCR alterada têm maior chance de apresentarem DAC diagnosticada à ATCMD e possuem valores de PCR mais elevados que pacientes sem DAC. A PCR, junto a outros fatores de risco, pode representar um elemento preditivo relevante para o diagnóstico de DAC na ATCMD, ou em situações quando a realização da ATCMD não é possível

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. In Brazil, approximately 1.74% of the gross domestic product is spent on cardiovascular diseases. Ischemia tests have a low diagnostic accuracy for patients with intermediate CAD risk, and multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) may help establish the diagnosis of these patients, despite the cost of this procedure, which is still high for our standards. C-reactive protein (CRP) is increased in cases of systemic inflammation and has been used as a CAD marker. Objective: To evaluate the correlation of CRP with the presence of atherosclerotic plaques identified on CT angiography. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 118 patients with intermediate risk of CAD, who underwent coronary MDCTA and CRP measurement from September 2011 to January 2013 in a referral cardiology hospital. Results: Males comprised about 55% of the sample. CAD, hypertension, and obesity were identified in 68.6%, 76.3%, and 31.8% of the subjects, respectively. We observed that patients with increased CRP levels had a 2.9-fold higher chance of presenting CAD on MDCTA (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Individuals with altered CRP are more likely to present CAD diagnosed by MDCTA and have higher CRP values than patients without CAD. CRP, along with other risk factors, may represent a relevant predictive element in the diagnosis of CAD in MDCTA, or in situations in which MDCTA is not feasible

Land-use intensity and the effects of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical meta-analysis.

The benefits of organic farming to biodiversity in agricultural landscapes continue to be hotly debated, emphasizing the importance of precisely quantifying the effect of organic vs. conventional farming. We conducted an updated hierarchical meta-analysis of studies that compared biodiversity under organic and conventional farming methods, measured as species richness. We calculated effect sizes for 184 observations garnered from 94 studies, and for each study, we obtained three standardized measures reflecting land-use intensity. We investigated the stability of effect sizes through time, publication bias due to the 'file drawer' problem, and consider whether the current literature is representative of global organic farming patterns. On average, organic farming increased species richness by about 30%. This result has been robust over the last 30 years of published studies and shows no sign of diminishing. Organic farming had a greater effect on biodiversity as the percentage of the landscape consisting of arable fields increased, that is, it is higher in intensively farmed regions. The average effect size and the response to agricultural intensification depend on taxonomic group, functional group and crop type. There is some evidence for publication bias in the literature; however, our results are robust to its impact. Current studies are heavily biased towards northern and western Europe and North America, while other regions with large areas of organic farming remain poorly investigated. Synthesis and applications. Our analysis affirms that organic farming has large positive effects on biodiversity compared with conventional farming, but that the effect size varies with the organism group and crop studied, and is greater in landscapes with higher land-use intensity. Decisions about where to site organic farms to maximize biodiversity will, however, depend on the costs as well as the potential benefits. Current studies have been heavily biased towards agricultural systems in the developed world. We recommend that future studies pay greater attention to other regions, in particular, areas with tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean climates, in which very few studies have been conducted.

Contribution of nasal biopsy to leprosy diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: The nasal mucosa plays the main role as the entry and the exit of leprosy bacilli and the nasal involvement may precede the skin lesions by several years. Nasal biopsy has been used in research but its clinical application has not been described. We evaluated the contribution of the nasal biopsy for the diagnosis of leprosy and its correlation to skin biopsy and skin smear in untreated patients. METHODS: We evaluated changes in nasal biopsy in 227 leprosy patients. Patients were clinically classified and skin and nasal biopsies and skin smear were performed. RESULTS: Nasal biopsy showed positivity in 100% of the lepromatous spectrum decreasing toward the tuberculoid (TT) pole. Patients with TT or indeterminate forms did not present any nasal alterations, showing that they are the true paucibacillary forms. Also, the nasal biopsies of two patients were the only exam to show positivity. The bacillary index of the nasal biopsy was strongly correlated to skin biopsy and slit-skin smear. Additionally, the agreement among the exams was good, revealing the reliability of the nasal biopsy in leprosy diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The present study showed a rate of 48% of positivity in nasal biopsy of untreated patients, correlating well with skin biopsy and skin smear. Thus, the method in leprosy diagnosis and clinical form classification has shown great reliability.