Avaliação das ações de um programa de DST/AIDS e Hepatites virais: percepção dos gestores / Evaluation of the actions of a STD/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis: perceptions of managers

Objetivo: Investigar a percepção dos gestores quanto às ações utilizadas para alcance das metas da Programação Anual de Metas - PAM segundo dados sócio-demográficos, satisfação com a formação e atuação, atividades desenvolvidas e o processo de gestão. Metodologia: Estudo observacional analítico transversal de amostra não probabilística por tipicidade composta por gestores dos 54 programas municipais e estadual de Minas Gerais que recebem o recurso financeiro da Política de Incentivo para o desenvolvimento de ações em DST/HIV/AIDS. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 37 gestores, sendo 9 do sexo masculino e 28 do sexo feminino. A idade média foi de 42,03 anos. O tempo médio em que atuavam como coordenadores foi de 55,50 meses. Em relação à formação vale destacar que 37,84 % dos gestores são enfermeiros, seguido de 18,92% psicólogos e 8,11% para médicos e pedagogos. Além disso, dos 37 respondentes, 29 (82,76%) declararam possuir pós-graduação. 64,86% dos gestores já atuaram no programa em outra função. O número médio de pessoas que compõe a equipe dos programas, municipais e estadual é de 15 servidores. Dos gestores participantes, 24 (64,86%) já atuaram em outra função dentro do programa e destes, 17 atuaram na assistência e 7 na gestão. Todas as análises univariadas, categóricas e contínuas, que apresentaram p valor menor que 0,20 foram incluídos na análise multivariada. Conclusões: Dados analisados revelaram que a maioria dos gestores entrevistados considerou as ações desenvolvidas para no eixo da promoção, prevenção e proteção previstas na PAM são efetivas para o enfrentamento da epidemia do HIV/AIDS. (AU)

Objective: To investigate the perception of managers about the actions used to achieve the goals of the Program Annual Targets - PAM according to socio-demographics, satisfaction with training and performance, developed activities and management process. Methodology: Crosssectional analytical study of non-probabilistic sample by typicality composed of managers of the 54 municipal and state programs of Minas Gerais receiving the financial resources of the Incentive Policy for the development of actions in STD / HIV / AIDS. Results: The sample consisted of 37 managers, 9 males and 28 females. The average age was 42.03 years. The average time that acted as coordinators was 55.50 months. Regarding the training is worth noting that 37.84% of managers are nurses, followed by 18.92% and 8.11% for psychologists and medical educators. Moreover, of the 37 respondents, 29 (82.76%) reported having graduate. 64.86% of managers have worked in the program in another function. The average number of people who make up the staff of the programs, municipal and state is 15 servers. Managers of the participants, 24 (64.86%) have been engaged in another function within the program and of these, 17 worked in assistance and 7 in management. All univariate, categorical and continuous analysis, with p value less than 0.20 were included in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Data analysis revealed that most managers interviewed considered the actions taken for the axis of the promotion, prevention and protection provided for in the MAP are effective in combating the epidemic of HIV / AIDS. (AU)

Probiotics protect mice against experimental infections.

OBJECTIVES: Our group has concerned itself with the study of the effect of probiotics on the resistance to infections using experimental models. Here, we will focus on evidence that the UFV-H2b20 strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii var. bulgaricus may be considered a probiotic and has protective effects on mice against a variety of bacterial infections. METHODS: Germ-free, monoassociated, and conventional mice were used. Mice were treated with probiotics and challenged with Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, or Listeria monocytogenes, and the outcome of infection was measured as mortality, quantification of bacteria in target organs, and systemic of local cytokine production. RESULTS: L. delbrueckii increased clearance of E. coli and production of systemic inflammatory cytokines. This strain also protected monoassociated and conventional mice against infection with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Finally, monoassociated mice were more resistant to L. monocytogenes as measured by mortality and the number of bacteria in spleen and liver. In addition, monoassociated mice challenged with L. monocytogenes showed increased production of inflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and nitric oxide. Interestingly, interleukin-10 levels were not altered by monoassociation or infection. CONCLUSIONS: L. delbrueckii UFV-H2b20 protects mice against infection, apparently by eliciting the up-regulation of production of inflammatory cytokines.

Protection by Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2B20 against experimental oral infection with Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica Ser. Typhimurium in gnotobiotic and conventional mice

The ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2B20 to antagonize Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhimurium and to reduce the pathological consequences for the host was determining using conventional and gnotobiotic animals. Conventional NIH mice received daily by gavage a 0.1 ml suspension containing about 10(8) cfu L. acidophilus UFV-H2B20 and germfree animals received a single 0.1 ml dose. The gnotobiotic and conventional groups were infected orally with 10(2) and 10(5) cfu of S. Typhimurium, respectively, 7 days after the beginning of treatment. Control groups were treated with sterile saline instead of Lactobacillus. Survival data showed a protective effect against the pathogenic bacteria in both conventional and gnotobiotic Lactobacillus-treated mice. L. acidophilus UFV-H2B20 colonized the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice and the number of viable cells ranged from 10(9) to 10(10) cfu/g of faeces. In both experimental and control gnotobiotic animals, S. Typhimurium became rapidly established at a level ranging from 108 to 1010 cfu/g of faeces and remained at high levels until the animals died or were sacrificed. In conclusion, the previous treatment of mice with L. acidophilus UFV-H2B20 protects the animals against the experimental infection with S. Typhimurium but this protection was not due to the reduction of the pathogenic populations in the intestines.(au)